Vapor and combine power cycle wpump,in=(1- y)wpump1,in+wpump2,in Network output + Pr ocess heat delivered

εu =
Rankine cycle: The ideal cycle for vapor where Total heat input
power cycles y= m 5 / m 6 (fraction of stream W net + Q p Q out
= or ε u = 1 _
1-2 s=c compression in a pump Q in Q in
extracted)
2-3 p=c heat additionin a boiler Q in = m 3(h4 _ h5)
wpump1,in=v1(P2-P1)
3-4 s=c expansion in a turbine Q out = m 7(h7 _ h1)
wpump2,in=v3(P4-P3)
4-1 p=c pressure heat rejection in Q p = m 5h5 + m 6h6 + m 8h8
Close feed water heaters
condenser P1 → h1, v1 ,wp1=v1(P2-P1)
W turb = (m 4 _ m 5)(h4 _ h6) + m 7(h6 _ h7)
Energy Analysis of the ideal rankine wp1, in = v 8(p9 _ p8)
P2,s2=s1,h2=h1+wp1
cycle wp 2, in = v 7(p10 _ p7)
(q in _ q out ) + ( w in _ w out ) = h e _ hi P3, → h3, v3 ,wp2=v3(p4-p3)
h1 = h2 = h3 = h4
w pump,in = h 2 _ h1 P4,s4=s3, h 4 = h3 +w p2 x 5 = s5 _ sf / sfg, h5 = x 5hfg + hf
or P6,h6=h7, → T6, v6 x 6 = s6 _ sf / sfg, h6 = x 6hfg + hf
w pump,in = v(P2 _ P1 ) T6=T5,P5 → h5 hf 7 @ P7
where P8,T8 → h8, s8 hf 8 @ P8
h1 = h f @ P1 ...and...v ≈ v 1 = v f @ P1 P9,s9=s8,x9=s9-sf/sfg,h9=x9hfg+hf h9 = h8 + wp1
Boiler(w=0): qin = h3 _ h2 P10,s10=s8,x10=s10-sf/sfg,h10=x10hfg+hf h10 = h7 + wp 2
Turbine(q=0): w turbine,out = h3 _ h4 P11,s11=s8,x11=s11-sf/sfg,h11=x11hfg+hf Q p, max = m 1(h4 _ h7)
Condenser(w=0): qout = h4 _ h1 Ein = Eout → m 9(h9 _ h6) = m 5(h5 _ h4) W turb, out = m (h3 _ h6)
w net q y(h9-h6=(h5-h4) W pump , in = m wp1, in
η th = = 1_ out
qin qin → m 7h7 + m2h2 + m10h10 = m 3h3
yh7+(1-y-z)h2+zh10=(1)h3 W net, out = W tub, out _ Wpump , in
Where
Qin=h8-h5 Qin = m 1(h1 _ h11)
w net = qin _ q out = w turb,out _ w pump,in
Qout=m(h11-h1)=(1-y-z)(h11-h1) W net + Q p
3412(BTU / kwh) ε u ==
η th = Wnet=qin-qout Q in
Heat.rate(BTU / kwh) w q
η th = net = 1_ out Ei = Eo == m4h4 + m5h5 = Qp, out + m7h7
The Ideal reheat rankine cycle qin qin
qin = qprimary + qreheat = (h3 _ h2) + (h5 _ h4)
w turb,out = w turb,1 + w turb, 2 = (h3 _ h4) + (h5 _ h6) Combined gas –vapor power cycles
Second Law Analysis of vapor power Ideal reheat regenerative rankine cycle
P6,x6=(1-%exceed)
cycle
s6=sf6+x6sfg, h6=hf+x6hfg P6,==h6=h7,v6
X dest = T0 S gen = T0 (S out _ S in ) =
T5,s5=s6 → P5 , h5 T5=T6,h5=v6(P5-P6)
Q
∑m s + TbQout
  in P8,T8==h8,s8
P1 → h1,, v1 , T0 ( _ ∑m s _ )(kW)
, out T
P2,s1=s2
out in b ,in P9,s9=s8==h9
qout qin P10,T10==h10,s10
Wpump,in=v1(P2-P1), x dest = T0 s gen = T0 (se _ si + _ )(kJ / kg)
Tb, out Tb, in
h2=h1+wpump,in P11,s11=s10==h11
qout qin
xdest = T0 (∑ _ ∑ )(kJ / kg) P12,s12=s10==h12
P3,T3 → h3, s3 Tb, out Tb, in
P4,s4=s3 → h4, T4 qout qin P13,s13=s10==x13,h13
xdest = T0(∑ _ )(kJ / kg)
qin=(h3-h2)+(h5-h4) TL TH Ei=Eo==m11(h11-h6)=m5(h5-h4)
qout=h6-h1 V2 Y(h11-h6)=h5-h4
ψ = (h _ h0) _ T0(s _ s0) + + gz (kJ / kg)
the ideal regeneration rankine cycle 2 ==m12h12+m7h7+m2h2=m3h3
Cogeneration rankine Zh12+yh7+(1-y-z)h2=h3
open feed water
qin=h5-h4 qin=(h8-h5)+(h10-h9),qout=(1-y-z)(h13-h1)
Wnet=qin-qout
qout=(1- y)(h7-h1)
Wnet=mwnet
wturb,out=(h5-h6)+(1- y)(h6-h7)
Cascade Refrigeration system Gas Refrigeration Cycle with Regenreation
B 1-2 compression s=c T2/T1=(P2/P1)k-1/k
2-3 heat exchanger p=c T5/T4=(P5/P4)k-1/k
3-4 expansion s=c Ein=Eout==∑mehe=∑mihi==m(h3-
4-1 evaporator QL p=c h4)=m(h1-h6)
A 5-6 compressor s=c Or mcp(T3-T4)=mcp(T1-T6)==T3-T4=T1-T6
6-7 condenser QH p=c COPR=qL/Wnet,in=qL/Wcom,in – Wturb,out
7-8 expansion s=c =h6-h5/(h2-h1)-(h4-h5)
8-5 evaporator p=c =T6-T5/(T2-T1)-(T4-T5)
mA h2_h3 The mass flow rate
mA(h5-h8)=mB(h2-h3) → =
mB h5_h8 m=Qrefrig/qL=Qrefrig/h6-h5
QL mB( h1 _ h4 )
COP= =
Wnet , in mA( h6 _ h5 ) + mB( h2 _ h1 )
Heat exchanger
Eout = Ein → m Ah5 + m Bh 3 = m Ah8 + m Bh 2
m A( h5 _ h8 ) = m B( h2 _ h 3 )
Heat removed and Power Input
QL = m B( h1 _ h4 )
Win = Wcom1, in + Wcom 2, in = m A( h6 _ h5 ) + m B( h2 _ h1 )

Multi Stage Compression Refrigeration

System
P1 → h1, s1
P2,s2=s1 → h2
P3 → h 3
P5,h5=h6
P7,hf7=h8
X6=h6-hf/hfg
Ein=Eout==mihi=mehe==(1)h9=X6h3+(1-x6)h2
h9,P9 → s9
P4,s4=s9 → h4
mB=mA(1-x6)
QL=mB(h1-h8)
Win=Wcom1,in+Wcom2,in=mA(h4-
h9)+mB(h2-h1)
COP=QL/Wnet,in
Gas Refrigeration Cycles
QL=h1-h4
Wturb,out=h3-h4
Wcom,in=h2-h1
COPR=qL/Wnet,in=qL/Wcom,in – Wturb,out