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Propagation of Sound Indoors

Sound and noise in a room will reach the receiver as direct and reverberant sound.

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For a continuing sound source in a room, the sound level is the sum of direct and reverberant sound. The sound pressure for a receiver can be expressed as:

L p = Lw + 10 log( D / ( 4 π r2 ) + 4 / R) (1)

where

L p = received sound pressure level (dB)

L w= sound power level from source (dB)

D = directivity coefficient

R = room constant (m 2 Sabin)

π = 3.14

r = distance from source (m)

Room Constant
The room constant express an acoustic property of the room:

R = A / (1- αm)

= Σ Si αi / (1- αm) (2)

where

R = room constant (m 2 Sabine)

A = absorption of the room (m 2 Sabine)

αm = mean absorption coefficient of the room

S i = individual surface area in the room (m 2)

αi = absorption coefficient for individual surface in the room

Absorption Coefficient
The sound absorption coefficient indicates how much of the sound is absorbed in the actual material. The absorption coefficient can be expressed as:

α = Ia / Ii (3)

where

Ia = sound intensity absorbed (W/m 2)

Ii = incident sound intensity (W/m 2)

Total Room Sound Absorption

The total sound absorption in a room can be expressed as:

A = S 1 α1 + S2 α2 + .. + Sn αn = Σ S i αi (4)

where

A = the absorption of the room (m 2 Sabine)

S n = area of the actual surface (m 2)

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αn = absorption coefficient of the actual surface

Mean Absorption Coefficient

The mean absorption coefficient for the room can be expressed as:

am = A / S (5)

where

a m = mean absorption coefficient

A = the absorption of the room (m 2 Sabine)

S = total surface in the room (m 2)

A rooms acoustic characteristics can be calculated with the formulas above, or estimated for typical rooms.

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Related Topics

Acoustics - Room acoustics, acoustic properties - decibel A, B and C - Noise Rating (NR) curves, sound transmission, sound pressure,
sound intensity, attenuation and more ..
Noise and Attenuation - Noise is usually defined as unwanted sound - noise, noise generation, silencers and attenuation in HVAC
systems

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Related Documents

Directivity Coefficient and Sound Attenuation - The attenuation in a room depends on the location of the source and the receiver, and
the room constant
Reverberation Time - The Sound Reverberation Time indicates the time it takes until the sound pressure level in a room is decreased
with 60 dB
Room Absorption Characteristics - Mean absorption coefficients and reverberation times for some typical rooms.
Room Attenuation in Direct Sound Fields - Room size, absorption characteristics and attenuation in direct sound fields
Sound Absorption Coefficients for some common Materials - Sound absorption coefficients for some common materials as plaster
walls, brickwork, plywood panels etc...
Sound Intensity - The sound intensity level is the acoustic power of a sound per unit of area in relation to a fixed reference
Sound Pressure - Sound Pressure is the force of sound on a surface area perpendicular to the direction of the sound

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