Form: AM ∙ HM = (GM)2 Squared Identities: Sine Law:
2 sin 𝑎 sin 𝑏 sin 𝑎 Ax + Bx + C = 0 2 2 sin A + cos A = 1 Arithmetic Progression: = = Roots: 1 + tan2 A = sec 2 A sin 𝐴 sin 𝐵 sin 𝐴 d = a 2 − a1 = a 3 − a 2 s 2 − 4AC −B ± √B 1 + cot 2 A = csc 2 A Cosine Law for sides: x= a n = a1 + (n − 1)d cos 𝑎 = cos 𝑏 cos 𝑐 + sin 𝑏 sin 𝑐 cos 𝐴 2A Sum & Diff of Angles Identities: a n = a x + (n − x)d Cosine Law for angles: Sum of Roots: n sin (A ± B) = sin A cos B ± cos A sin B cos 𝐴 = − cos 𝐵 cos 𝐶 + sin 𝐵 sin 𝐶 cos 𝑎 B Sn = (a1 + a n ) x1 + x2 = − 2 cos (A ± B) = cos A cos B ∓ sin A sin B Spherical Polygon: A Harmonic Progression: tan A ± tan B πR2 E E = spherical excess Product of Roots: - reciprocal of arithmetic tan (A ± B) = C 1 ∓ tan A tan B AB = E = (A+B+C+D…) – (n-2)180° progression 180° x1 ∙ x2 = + Double Angle Identities: A Geometric Progression: Spherical Pyramid: 1 minute of arc = r = a 2 /a1 = a 3 /a2 sin 2A = 2 sin A cos A 1 πR3 E 1 nautical mile Binomial Theorem cos 2A = cos 2 A − sin2 A V = AB H = 1 nautical mile = a n = a1 r n−1 3 540° 6080 feet Form: a n = a x r n−x cos 2A = 2 cos 2 A − 1 1 statute mile = (x + y)n cos 2A = 1 − 2 sin2 A 5280 feet 1 − rn n-sided Polygon rth term: Sn = a1 2 tan A # of diagonals: 1 knot = r th = nCm x n−m y m 1−r tan 2A = n Interior Angle, ɤ: 1 nautical mile a1 1 − tan2 A d = (n − 3) (n − 2)180° per hour where: m=r-1 S∞ = 2 γ= 1−r n Deflection Angle, δ: Area = n ∙ ATRIANGLE Worded Problems Tips Triangle Common Quadrilateral δ = 180° − γ 1 Age Problems 1 Square: Rectangle: Area = n ∙ R2 sinβ A = bh Central Angle, β: 2 → underline specific time conditions A = s2 A = bh 2 360° 1 Motion Problems P = 4s P = 2a + 2b β= Area = n ∙ ah 1 n 2 →a =0 A = ab sin C d = √2s d = √b 2 + h2 2 →s = vt Parallelogram: 1 sin B sin C Polygon Names A = a2 A = bh 16 - hexadecagon Work Problems 3 - triangle 2 sin A A = ab sin θ 17 - septadecagon Case 1: Unequal rate 4 - quad/tetragon 18 - octadecagon work A = √s(s − a)(s − b)(s − c) 1 5 - pentagon A = d1 d2 sin θ 19 - nonadecagon rate = 2 6 - hexagon/sexagon 20 - icosagon time a+b+c 7 - septagon/heptagon 21 - unicosagon Case 2: Equal rate s= Rhombus: 8 - octagon 22 - do-icosagon → usually in project management 2 A = ah 9 - nonagon 30 - tricontagon → express given to man-days or man-hours A = a2 sin θ 10 - decagon 31 - untricontagon Trapezoid 1 11 - undecagon/ 40 - tetradecagon Clock Problems A = d1 d2 monodecagon 50 - quincontagon 11M − 60H 1 2 12 - dodecagon/ 60 - hexacontagon + if M is ahead of H θ= - if M is behind of H A = (a + b)h bidecagon 100 - hectogon 2 2 Ellipse 13 - tridecagon 1,000 - chilliagon A1 n ma2 + nb 2 14 - quadridecagon 10,000 - myriagon a2 + b2 Ex-circle- 1 1 1 1 = ;w = √ A = πab C = 2π√ 15 - quindecagon/ 1,000,000 - megagon A2 m m+n 2 pentadecagon ∞ - aperio (circle) = + + In-circle 𝑟 𝑟1 𝑟2 𝑟3 Triangle-Circle Relationship General Quadrilateral Centers of Triangle Inscribed Circle: Circumscribing Circle: Cyclic Quadrilateral: (sum of opposite angles=180°) INCENTER abc AT = rs - the center of the inscribed circle (incircle) AT = A = √(s − a)(s − b)(s − c)(s − d) of the triangle & the point of intersection of 4R Escribed Circle: Ptolemy’s Theorem is applicable: the angle bisectors of the triangle. opposite side a+b+c+d diameter = AT = R a (s − a) ac + bd = d1 d2 s= sine of angle 2 a b c AT = R b (s − b) Non-cyclic Quadrilateral: d= = = AT = R c (s − c) ε sin A sin B sin C A = √(s − a)(s − b)(s − c)(s − d) − abcd cos 2 2 Pappus Theorem CIRCUMCENTER - the center of the circumscribing circle Pappus Theorem 1: Prism or Cylinder Pointed Solid (circumcircle) & the point of intersection of SA = L ∙ 2πR V = AB H = AX L 1 the perpendicular bisectors of the triangle. v V = AB H Pappus Theorem 2: LA = PB H = Px L 3 AB/PB → Perimeter or Area of base Right Circ. Cone Reg. Pyramid V = A ∙ 2πR H → Height & L → slant height 1 AX/PX → Perimeter or Area of cross- LA = πrL LA = PB L NOTE: It is also used to locate centroid of an area. section perpendicular to slant height 2
Spherical Lune: Spherical Wedge:
Special Solids Spherical Solids ORTHOCENTER Alune 4πR2 4 Sphere: Vwedge 3 πR 3 - the point of intersection of the altitudes of Truncated Prism or Cylinder: = 4 θrad 2π = the triangle. V = AB Have V = πR3 θrad 2π LA = PB Have 3 Alune = 2θR2 2 LA = 4πR2 Vwedge = θR3 3 Frustum of Cone or Pyramid: Spheroid: H 4 Spherical Zone: V = πabc V= (A + A2 + √A1 A2 ) 3 Azone = 2πRh 3 1 LA = 4π [ a2 + b2 + c 2 ] CENTROID Spherical Sector: 3 - the point of intersection of the medians of 1 the triangle. Prolate Spheroid: V = Azone R 3 4 2 V = πabb V = πR2 h 3 a2 + b2 + b2 3 Prismatoid: LA = 4π [ ] Spherical Segment: H 3 V = (A1 + 4AM + A2 ) For one base: 6 Oblate Spheroid: about major axis 1 EULER LINE 4 V = πh2 (3R − h) V = πaab 3 - the line that would pass through the 3 For two bases: orthocenter, circumcenter, and centroid of a2 + a2 + b2 LA = 4π [ ] 1 the triangle. 3 V = πh(3a2 + 3b2 + h2 ) about minor axis 6