Methanobacteria, can ferment rice straw and then produce methane.

Since
conventional treatment is burning rice straw in field, applying Methanobacteria to
waste disposal process can reduce the air pollution caused by straw burning and
also alleviate energy shortage problem, especially in rural areas.[3] During
biomethanation process, insoluble organic material and higher molecular mass
compounds will first be transformed into simple carbon compounds. These break-down
products will then be fermented to acetic acid, hydrogen and carbon dioxide.
Eventually, the acetic acids can be fermented by different methanogenic bacteria to
produce methane.[4]

The product of Methanobacteria in human body can be used to test diseases. Methane
in breath is produced by anaerobic methanobacteria in human colon as a metabolic
end product.[5] The status of Methanobacteria product detected in breath tests can
be used to evaluate patients' particular gastrointestinal disorders. It is shown
that the proportion of breath methane excreters among patients with colorectal
cancer is much higher than that of normal people. However, methane breath status
might be influenced by variable factors existing in diagnostic procedures, limiting
the usage of breath methane test in canc