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Tower Foundation Design
Tower Foundation Design
Design Proposal
Contents
Part 1 Project Profile.............................................................................................................................- 1 -
1.1 Project overview.....................................................................................................................- 2 -
1.2 Design criteria.........................................................................................................................- 3 -
Part 2 Scale of Major Project................................................................................................................- 5 -
2.1 Scale of major project (First 10km)........................................................................................- 5 -
2.2 Design content........................................................................................................................- 5 -
Part 3 Design Overview........................................................................................................................- 7 -
3.1 Overall design.........................................................................................................................- 7 -
3.2 Route design............................................................................................................................- 7 -
3.3 Designs for subgrade, pavement and drainage.......................................................................- 8 -
3.4 Bridge and culvert design.....................................................................................................- 19 -
3.5 Cross design..........................................................................................................................- 22 -
3.6 Setting of wildlife passageways............................................................................................- 22 -
Part 4 Design Work Scheme...............................................................................................................- 23 -
Part 5 Construction Work Plan............................................................................................................- 25 -
1st 10 km, Border Road Project, Bangladesh
Design Description
1st 10 km of Hill Road Project, Bangladesh is located in the border area in the Chittagong
Hill, with India at the north and Myanmar at the east. In order to improve the communication
between the mountainous areas and cities in the border, the local economic development and
the living environment of the residents, the Bangladesh government decided to launch the
project.
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1st 10 km, Border Road Project, Bangladesh
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1st 10 km, Border Road Project, Bangladesh
into six administrative areas, namely Dhaka, Chittagong, Barisal, Khulna, and Rajshashi and
Sylhet, under which there are 64 administrative cities and 4,490 townships.
Figure 2 Administrative division map of Bangladesh Figure 3 Current road map of Bangladesh
In addition to a monsoon-type tropical grassland climate in its coastal areas, most of
Bangladesh’s areas have a subtropical monsoon-type climate. The climate is characterized by
high temperatures, plenty of rainfalls, high humidity, and significant seasonal changes. A
whole year is divided into winter (November to February), summer (March to June) and the
rainy season (July to October). The annual temperature averages 26.5°C. The highest
temperature in the year occurs from March to May, with the monthly maximum temperature
averaging 40.5°C. After June, the country enters the rainy season and the temperature drops,
during which it has the rainfall accounting for 80% of the entire year and tropical hurricanes
often occur. In September, temperatures rose slightly but then fell to the lowest in December
and January. Winter is the most pleasant season of the year, with a temperature as low as 4°C,
while in summer, it can reach 45°C at its highest, and the rainy season has an average
temperature of 30°C.
At present, road transport in Bangladesh enjoys an absolute advantage in various modes
of transportation. Since the overall level of road construction in the country is still low, there
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1st 10 km, Border Road Project, Bangladesh
remains great room for development in road transport, as well as a broad development
prospect.
As of 2012, the total length of roads in Bangladesh amounts to 21,365 kilometers, of
which, the national roads are predominated with a 12.19-meter-wide subgrade and a 6.71-
meter-wide pavement, while the regional roads mainly feature a subgrade with 10.97 meters’
width and a pavement with 5.49 meters’ width, and county and township roads mainly have a
subgrade, 7.32 meters in width, and a pavement, 3.66 meters in width.
The designed section has a length of about 12.365 km, which is a part of the
UKHIA-FULTALI route.
The design
section
Borderline
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1st 10 km, Border Road Project, Bangladesh
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1st 10 km, Border Road Project, Bangladesh
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1st 10 km, Border Road Project, Bangladesh
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1st 10 km, Border Road Project, Bangladesh
Starting
point
End point
Borderline
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1st 10 km, Border Road Project, Bangladesh
When the embankment slope has a height not exceeding 10m, the slope rate is 1:1.5;
when its height exceeds 10m, a platform is set at the spot of 8m, the upper slope being 1:1.5,
the lower slope being 1:1.75, and the platform being 2.0m wide. The slope protection is
designed with a width of 1m, and the embankment side ditch is generally designed into
0.6mx0.6m, and the cutting ditch into 0.6mx0.6m. In fill section, the boundary marker is
85cm from the outside of the embankment side ditch (100cm from the inner edge), and in the
excavation section, it is 3m from slope opening.
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1st 10 km, Border Road Project, Bangladesh
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1st 10 km, Border Road Project, Bangladesh
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1st 10 km, Border Road Project, Bangladesh
C25 concrete pouring is adopted for foot protection. Concrete materials shall meet
relevant specifications.
4) Three-dimensional mesh, grass-planting protection
Three-dimensional mesh, grass-planting protection is suitable for embankment slope
(height H ≤ 3.0 meters) and soil cutting with (digging depth h ≤ 3.0 meters). The construction
process is specified as follows: Level the slope first, excavate grooves (width:20 cm, and
depth: 30 cm) respectively at 50 cm from the slope top and at the slope toe, lay the geonet into
the grooves, fix it with square stakes and tamp it with earth fill, and then lay the geonet from
slope top to slope toe, when laying the geonet, try to level it off, without folding, and the
length of the back-folding area on the slope edge shall not be less than 30 cm. Vertical and
horizontal lapping will be 20cm long, along each longitudinal distance of 100cm, fix it with
U-shaped steel nails (lapping joints must be fixed), the oblique spacing will be 100cm, and
spray grass seeds until the geonet laying has been completed. The three-dimensional mesh has
vertical and horizontal breaking forces not less than 3.2KN / m, a thickness not less than
16mm, and a mass per unit area not less than 400g/m2.
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1st 10 km, Border Road Project, Bangladesh
be trimmed. After the excavation is completed and tamped, the trench bottom shall be
plastered and leveled before laying and assembling. M10 cement mortar shall be used
between precasting blocks to bond them into an integral structure. In the arch ring, hydraulic
sowing grass seeds by duster is used to restore ecology and preserve soil and water. After the
completion of arched slope protection and spraying, watering and curing should be done
regularly to ensure the survival of vegetation.
7) Anchor frame
Slopes where shallow sliding or collapse may occur shall be protected by anchor frames.
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1st 10 km, Border Road Project, Bangladesh
In selection of the anchor bolt length, comprehensive consideration shall be given to factors
such as the thicknesses of eluvium and weathered layer of the slope and the depth of the
structural surface where the slip may occur, and the anchor bolt must cross the potential
sliding surface.
8) Submerged revetment
The submerged revetment is suitable for sections crossing ponds and ditches. The lower
part of embankments crossing ponds and ditches shall be paved with 15cm thick C25 concrete
prefabricated hexagonal blocks for protection, the theoretical paving height is design water
level + wave height + back water +0.5m, and the paving height is controlled based on the
height of ditch dam plus 0.5m during design; the hydraulic spray-seeding afforestation
protection or arch slope protection shall be adopted for the lower part. The slope protection
foundation shall be cast with C25 cast-in-place concrete, a complete sand gravel inverted
filter shall be set up before slope protection construction, and the slope protection foundation
shall be buried on the hard soil layer and shall be buried not less than 50cm below the scoured
line for road sections where scouring can occur.
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1st 10 km, Border Road Project, Bangladesh
10) Dam
Dams shall be paved and rolled in layers with cohesive soil, the degree of compaction
(heavy duty) shall not be less than 90%, and soil containing turf, domestic garbage, roots, and
humus shall not be used to fill dams. The submerged slope protection shall be adopted for
strengthening of structures of side slopes on the water side of dams, and three-dimension
vegetative nets shall be adopted for protection of side slopes on the roadside. The infiltration
test shall be performed after dam construction is completed, and in case of damages such as
collapses, seepage outflow or piping, reworking is required immediately.
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1st 10 km, Border Road Project, Bangladesh
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1st 10 km, Border Road Project, Bangladesh
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1st 10 km, Border Road Project, Bangladesh
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1st 10 km, Border Road Project, Bangladesh
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1st 10 km, Border Road Project, Bangladesh
2) For bridges with standard spans, structural forms with simple stress, construction convenience,
relatively low engineering cost shall be selected where possible, and standardized design and fabricated
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1st 10 km, Border Road Project, Bangladesh
For the superstructure of the bridge, densely-ribbed, simple-supported T-beams are used,
as each beam is lighter, it is convenient to lift; the internal mold is not required in construction
process, making it easy to construct; the shape of the T-beam cross-section is not provided
with horseshoe, which is not only beneficial to increase the lateral stiffness of prefabricated T-
beams, but also conducive to de-moulding, facilitating concrete vibration, and avoiding
exposed bars. There are only two bearings under a single beam, and the bearings are not easy
to be emptied. In the lateral connection, the T-beam transverse connection has a rigid joint
with good durability.
The 16mT beam is 0.95m high, with a width of 1.05m, a mid-beam width of 1m, and a
wet joint width of 0.525m.
The 20mT beam is 1.1m high, with a width of 1.05m, a mid-beam width of 1m, and a
wet joint width of 0.525m.
3.4.3 Bridge substructure
Column piers and pile foundations are adopted for bridge substructure piers.
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1st 10 km, Border Road Project, Bangladesh
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1st 10 km, Border Road Project, Bangladesh
traffic volume, traffic management modes, local economic development and site layout
conditions.
When this section of the project crosses other roads, at-grade intersections are set up,
totaling about 8 places.
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1st 10 km, Border Road Project, Bangladesh
According tothe total scale of the first 10km of this project, the design cycle is scheduled
as follows:
Design
Length
No. Section Design content duration Cycle
(km)
(days)
Site
2 2018.5.20-2018.5.21
reconnaissance
Scheme
1 First 10km 12.365 4 2018.5.22-2018.5.25
formulation
Survey 30 2018.5.26-2018.6.24
Design 40 2018.6.25-2018.8.4
Site
3 2018.8.5-2018.8.7
reconnaissance
Ukhia-Ashatali Scheme
2 28 6 2018.8.8-2018.8.13
-Fultali formulation
Survey 40 2018.8.14-2018.9.23
Design 50 2018.9.24-2018.11.13
Site
7 2018.8.8-2018.8.15
Rajesthali-Dumdumia- reconnaissance
Scheme
3 Thacchi-Loitongpara- 130 10 2018.8.16-2018.8.25
formulation
Thegamukh
Survey 60 2018.8.26-2018.10.25
Design 80 2018.10.25-2019.1.13
Site
5 2018.8.16-2018.8.20
reconnaissance
Thegamukh-Dohanghat- Scheme
4 95 9 2018.8.21-2018.8.29
Sajek formulation
Survey 50 2018.8.30-2018.10.19
Design 70 2018.10.20-2018.12.29
5 Sajek-Betling 52 Site
4 2018.8.21-2018.8.24
reconnaissance
Scheme 8 2018.8.25-2018.9.1
formulation
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1st 10 km, Border Road Project, Bangladesh
Survey 45 2018.9.2-2018.10.17
Design 60 2018.10.18-2018.12.20
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1st 10 km, Border Road Project, Bangladesh
preparation 80
Subgrade works
70
Pavement works
Culvert & 60
passageway works 50
Protection and
40
drainage
30
Bridge works
Transportation and 20
safety facilities 10
Other works
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1st 10 km, Border Road Project, Bangladesh
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