Introduction to Electrical Systems

Course Code: EE 111

Course Code: EE 111

Department: Electrical Engineering

Department: Electrical Engineering

Instructor’ss Name: B.G. Fernandes
Instructor Name: B G Fernandes

E‐mail id: bgf @ee iitb ac in

E‐mail id: bgf @ee.iitb.ac.in

Tue, Sep          EE 111: Introduction to Electrical Systems  Lecture  15

1, 2009 B.G.Fernandes 1/11
 Sub‐Topics:   

• Measurement of Power

• Mutually coupled circuits

Tue, Sep          EE 111: Introduction to Electrical Systems  Lecture  15

1, 2009 B.G.Fernandes 2/11
 REVIEW
Iph
• Power
o e co
consumed
su ed by 3φ ba
balanced oad = 3VLILcosθ;; θ=∠V
a ced load
ph

• In 2 wattmeter method
W1 +W2 = 3VLILcosθ for balanced load
= PA  + PB  + PC for unbalanced load
One meter reading = VLILcos(30+θ)
Another meter reading = VLILcos(30‐θ)
provided load is balanced
In case of unbalanced load:
I
Meter reading = VappIflowingcos∠Vflowing
app

Tue, Sep          EE 111: Introduction to Electrical Systems  Lecture  15

1, 2009 B.G.Fernandes 3/11
 Problem:
3‐Phase 400V,
3‐Phase, 400V delta connected system is feeding the
following loads:
Branch AB: 20 kW at u.p.fp
Branch BC: 30 KVA at 0.8 lag
Branch CA: 20 KVA at 0.6 lead
Find the line ‘I’ and readings of wattmeters whose current 
coils are in phases B & C.

Tue, Sep          EE 111: Introduction to Electrical Systems  Lecture  15

1, 2009 B.G.Fernandes 4/11
 Let VAB = 400∠00 ,VBC = 400∠‐1200 ,VCA = 400∠‐2400

20×103
IAB  =  =  (50+j0) A
400×cos0
30000
IBC = ∠ − (120+36.86)
400
= 75∠ ‐ 1570
= (‐68.96
(‐68 96 ‐ j29.47)A
j29 47)A
20000
ICA = ∠‐240+53.13
400
=50∠‐186.870
=( 49 64+j5 98)A
=(‐49.64+j5.98)A
Tue, Sep          EE 111: Introduction to Electrical Systems  Lecture  15
1, 2009 B.G.Fernandes 5/11
 IA = IAB ‐ ICA
= 50 + 49.64 ‐ j5.98
= 99.82 ∠‐3.4 A

IB = ‐ 68.96 
68.96 ‐ j29.47
j29.47‐ 50
50
= 122.56 ∠‐166 A

IC = ‐ 49.64 + j5.98
      ‐(‐68.96‐
( 68.96  j29.47)
j29.47)
=40.37∠61.4 A

Tue, Sep          EE 111: Introduction to Electrical Systems  Lecture  15

1, 2009 B.G.Fernandes 6/11
 W1  = VBAIBcos∠IVBBA
= 400 × 122.5 × cos(14)
400 122 5 (14)
= 47.57 kW

W2 = VCAICcos∠IVCCA
= 400 × 40.37 × cos(58.6)
= 8.42 kW

W1 + W2 = 20 + 30 × 0.8 + 20 × 0.6 = 56

Tue, Sep          EE 111: Introduction to Electrical Systems  Lecture  15

1, 2009 B.G.Fernandes 7/11
Tue, Sep          EE 111: Introduction to Electrical Systems  Lecture  15
1, 2009 B.G.Fernandes 8/11
 Mutually Coupled Circuits
If a coil of ‘N1’ turns is wound over an iron core & i1 is the
ac current flowing in it
dφ di1
e1 = N1 = L1
dt dt
dφ
L1 → Self inductance = N1
di1
φ
If B‐H curve is linear = N1  
I1
Consider one more coil of ‘N2’ turns wound on the core
‘φ’ produced by i1 can be divided into 2 components: 
= φ
φ11 + φ
φ12
Tue, Sep          EE 111: Introduction to Electrical Systems  Lecture  15
1, 2009 B.G.Fernandes 9/11
 φ11 ⇒ links only N1 or part of N1→ leakage flux
φ12 ⇒ links N1 as well as N2
dφ12
‘V’ induced in coil 2:e2 =N2    → (1)
V2=jω(L22
I MI1)

dt
φ12 is related to i1, ∴ e2   ∝  i1
di1
e2  = M    → (2)
dt
dφ
φ12 → Mutual L
∴ M = N
M N2
di1
→ Parameter relating the ‘V’ in one circuit due to time
varying i1 flowing in another circuit.
If B‐H curve is linear (air) M =  N2φ12 =   N1φ21
I1 I2
Tue, Sep          EE 111: Introduction to Electrical Systems  Lecture  15
1, 2009 B.G.Fernandes 10/11
 N1φ1
Now L1  =  → Self inductance of coil 1
I1
N2φ2
L 2  = 
I2

If as Kth fraction of total flux produced in each coil links the

other coil
φ12 φ21
K =   =  ,           K ≤ 1, k = 1 → Ideal
φ1 φ2
N2φ12 N1φ21 N2Kφ1 N1Kφ2
∴ M = 
2
    =    = K2L1L 2
I1 I2 I1 I2
∴ M= K  L1L 2

Tue, Sep          EE 111: Introduction to Electrical Systems  Lecture  15

1, 2009 B.G.Fernandes 11/11