Professional Documents
Culture Documents
Ee111 L21 PDF
Ee111 L21 PDF
Ee111 L21 PDF
Thu Sep EE 111: Introduction to Electrical Systems
1/10
24, 2009 Prof. B.G.Fernandes Lecture 21
Sub‐Topics:
• Eq. circuit(contd..)
• O.C and S.C tests
• Efficiency of Transformer
Efficiency of Transformer
Thu Sep EE 111: Introduction to Electrical Systems
2/10
24, 2009 Prof. B.G.Fernandes Lecture 21
Review
• Winding connected to the source is known as primary
g p y
winding
• H.V → H.V. winding, L.V →
g, L.V. windingg
• I1 ≠ 0 when I2 = 0
For an ideal transformer V1 = N1 = E1 = I2
• For an ideal transformer,
V2 N2 E2 I1
and Input VA = Output VA
• Eq. secondary ‘R’ referred to primary
2
⎛ N1 ⎞
r2'=r2 ⎜ ⎟
⎝ N2 ⎠
Thu Sep EE 111: Introduction to Electrical Systems
3/10
24, 2009 Prof. B.G.Fernandes Lecture 21
• Under normal operation, V1 ≅ V2’
If V1 = 11kV, V2’≅ 11kV or
If V1 = 440V, V
If V 440V V2’≅440V
Thu Sep EE 111: Introduction to Electrical Systems
4/10
24, 2009 Prof. B.G.Fernandes Lecture 21
eg. 100kVA, 11kV/440V, 1‐φ transformer and HV winding
is connected to the 11kV.
11kV Transformer is fully loaded and
load P.F. is 0. 6lag
what does 100kVA mean?
h td 100kVA ?
Is it primary VA or secondary VA or both?
⇒ only in case of ideal transformer, primary VA = sec. VA
when secondary winding is kept open
y g p p
⇒ primary current is finite
⇒ this current has two components
(core loss + magnetizing)
Thu Sep EE 111: Introduction to Electrical Systems
5/10
24, 2009 Prof. B.G.Fernandes Lecture 21
⇒ since secondary is open → there is no load on the
Transformer
Transformer
⇒The corresponding current is known as no‐load current
≅5
5‐10%
10% of full load current (?)
of full load current (?)
⇒ It is the rated load that the transformer can supply at
rated terminal voltage
rated terminal voltage
⇒ V2 I 2
VA
∴Full load current =
V2 VA
under this condtion, primary 'I' may not be , but it is ≅
V1
Thu Sep EE 111: Introduction to Electrical Systems
6/10
24, 2009 Prof. B.G.Fernandes Lecture 21
what is V2?
when primary winding is connected to 11kV, secondary
when primary winding is connected to 11kV, secondary
terminal ‘V’ need not be 440V
⇒ but it is ≅ 440V
∴ using VA, V1 and V2, it is possible to estimate the rated ‘I’
in the primary & secondary windings without using the
eq. circuit
100x103 = 227A at 0.6 lag
rated load current on L.V. side =
440
r'1 = r2 = 0.0112 Ω
x'l1 = xl2 = 0.096 Ω
X’M = 44 Ω & R’c=132 Ω
Thu Sep EE 111: Introduction to Electrical Systems
7/10
24, 2009 Prof. B.G.Fernandes Lecture 21
E' = 440∠0 + ( 227∠ − 53)( 0.0966∠83.34 )
= 459.067∠1.38V
E
II'm = = 10.43∠ − 88.7A
jXM
E
II'C = = 3 47∠1.38A
3.47 1 38A
RC
Total I 11' = I 22 + I 00' = 237.52∠ − 54A
Total
V'1 = 459.067∠1.38 + ( 237.52∠ − 54 )( 0.0966∠83.34 )
= 479.5
9 ∠3O V
Thu Sep EE 111: Introduction to Electrical Systems
8/10
24, 2009 Prof. B.G.Fernandes Lecture 21
Observations:
• winding resistance << leakage flux (??)
winding resistance << leakage flux (??)
• Io is predominantly reactive
• E1 ≅ V’’2 ≅ V1
⇒ can we shift the magnetizing branch to supply side ?
V1 V1
Io = − j I0
Rc X M
I s = I 2' + I 0 Z eq = Req + jX eq
⇒ approximate eq. circuit
approximate eq circuit
Thu Sep EE 111: Introduction to Electrical Systems
9/10
24, 2009 Prof. B.G.Fernandes Lecture 21
with approximate eq. circuit
479.5
IM = = 10.89A % change = 3.6
44
479 5
479.5
Ic = = 3.62A % change = 4.3
132
Thu Sep EE 111: Introduction to Electrical Systems
10/10
24, 2009 Prof. B.G.Fernandes Lecture 21