DATA

Indonesia 2007: Results from the

Demographic and Health Survey
Introduction Fertility
2.1  Fertility trends
The Indonesia Demographic and Health Survey 2007 (IDHS
10
2007) was conducted by Statistics Indonesia (Badan Pusat UN estimates Survey estimate

Statistik) with technical assistance from Macro Interna- 8

Total fertility rate

tional. Data for the nationally representative IDHS 2007 6 5.6
5.2
were collected from 40,701 households, and complete 4.7
4.1
4 3.4
interviews were conducted with 32,895 ever-married 2.9
2.5 2.6
2.4
women aged 15–49 and 8,758 currently married men aged 2
15–54. The fieldwork took place from 25 June 2007 to Feb-
0
ruary 2008. 1965–70 '70–75 '75–80 '80–85 '85–90 '90–95 '95–2000 '00–'05 '02–'07

The summary statistics presented below were taken Year

from the Indonesia country report,1 with exceptions as 2.2  Fertility differentials
noted. Total fertility rate
6

4
2.8 2.8 2.8 2.7
2.3 2.4 2.5
2
1.1  General characteristics of the population
Percent
Characteristic 1965 2000 change 0
Rural Urban a b c d e
Demographic
Residence Mother's educational level 4
Population size (mil.) 106.6 209.2 +96.2
Crude birth rate (/1,000) 42.5 21.5 –49.4 Note: Rates are given for period 1–36 months prior to the survey.
Crude death rate (/1,000) 20.1 7.6 –62.2
Population growth rate (%/year) 2.24 1.30 –42.0
Life expectancy (years) 44.3 65.7 +48.3 2.3  Trends in age-specific fertility
Socioeconomic Years prior to survey
Gross national income (GNI) per capita ($) na 1,420a ­
— Mother’s age at birth 0–4 5–9 10–14 15–19
Adult literacy rate (% aged 15 and older) na 90b — 15–19 52 61 67 77
20–24 133 134 153 169
na = Not available. — = Not applicable.
25–29 133 148 153 163
Sources: All data except a and b are drawn from United Nations (2005). See
30–34 111 114 111 (136)
notes 2 and 3.
35–39 61 63 (83) —
a
Gross national income (GNI) per capita is given for 2006 (World Bank 2007).
40–44 19 (32) — —
b
National estimates are based on the most recent data available for adult literacy
45–49 (6) — — —
2000–05 (World Bank 2007).
— = Not applicable.
Note:  Age-specific fertility is measured in births per 1,000 women per year in
each age group. Numbers in parentheses are partially truncated rates.

2.4  Differentials in median age at first birth among

women aged 25–49
1.2  Percentage distribution of girls and women surveyed 25 22.9
aged 15–49, by highest educational level attained, 21.5 20.6 21.2
19.6 19.4 20.2
according to residence 20
Residence
15
Educational level Rural Urban Total
Age

None 9.2 3.7 6.9 10

Primary incomplete 21.2 11.2 16.9
Primary complete 35.7 23.5 30.6 5
Secondary incomplete 19.3 22.4 20.6
Secondary complete 11.2 27.7 18.1 *
0
Higher 3.4 11.5 6.8 All ever- Rural Urban a b c d e
Total 100.0 100.0 100.0 married
women Residence Mother's educational level 4
(N) (19,150) (13,745) (32,895)
*Omitted because less than 50 percent of the women in this category
gave birth before reaching age 25.

Volume 40  Number 4  December 2009  335

 Fertility Preferences Contraception
3.1 Mean ideal number of children among ever-married 4.1  Knowledge, ever use, and current use of methods
women, by age and number of living children among currently married women (percent)
Know Ever Currently
5 Method method used using
Any method 98.6 84.2 61.4
4.5
• Any modern method
Pill
98.3
95.1
81.7
42.1
57.4
13.2
Ideal number of children

IUD 83.9 14.0 4.9

4
•
3.9 Injectables
Diaphragm
96.5
13.7
63.4
0.2
31.8
na
3.5
• Male condom
Female sterilization
76.8
66.1
6.1
3.0
1.3
3.0
•
3.1
•
3.0 Male sterilization 39.4 0.3 0.2
•
3 2.9

• • •
2.7 2.8
2.8 Implant 86.4 9.3 2.8
2.6
•
LAM 23.3 2.9 0.0
• •
2.5
• •
2.4 Emergency contraception 6.4 0.3 na
2.5 2.4
20–24 30–34 40–44
Any traditional method 48.4 11.9 4.0
2 Withdrawal 33.3 7.6 2.1
15–19 25–29 35–39 45–49 0 1 2 3 4 5 6+ Periodic abstinence 38.5 4.7 1.5
Folk method 6.0 1.7 0.4
Age Number of living children
(including current pregnancy) LAM = Lactational amenorrhea method. na = Not available.

4.2  Percentage distribution of current users of modern

methods, by most recent source of supply, according to
method
3.2 Desire to stop childbearing among currently married Male Female
women, by number of living children Inject- Im- con- sterili-
Source Pill IUD able plant dom zation All
100 Public sector 13.4 42.5 16.0 50.5 7.2 68.1 22.2
89 87 Hospital 0.2 7.0 0.5 3.7 0.6 64.3 4.9
90 85
Percentage who want no more**

79 Health center 11.3 33.6 14.8 44.0 4.0 2.3 16.0

80
Clinic 0.3 1.2 0.1 0.2 0.2 1.0 0.3
70 Family planning
62 field-worker 1.4 0.5 0.1 1.1 1.1 0.0 0.5
60
54 Family planning
50 mobile unit 0.1 0.1 0.4 1.0 0.0 0.0 0.3
40 Other 0.1 0.2 0.0 0.5 1.3 0.6 0.1
Private medical sector 62.8 55.3 79.8 41.3 79.9 31.6 69.1
30
Hospital 0.2 5.9 0.4 1.3 0.1 23.4 2.2
20 15 Physician 1.0 1.5 2.2 1.0 0.3 0.6 1.7
10 Clinic 1.1 2.3 1.5 0.4 0.5 0.9 1.3
4 Midwife 14.6 24.2 40.2 20.5 5.0 0.0 28.8
0 Village midwife 12.2 5.6 28.2 14.7 1.5 0.0 19.6
0 1 2 3 4 5 6+ Total Pharmacy 30.4 0.1 0.1 0.0 71.4 0.0 8.7
Number of living children* Other 3.4 15.8 7.3 3.5 1.2 6.8 6.8
Other private sector 21.4 1.4 3.8 4.1 10.2 0.0 7.6
*Includes current pregnancy. Delivery post 1.1 0.5 2.1 0.8 0.2 0.0 1.5
**Includes sterilized women. Health post 4.9 0.7 1.3 2.6 0.4 0.0 2.1
Acquaintances/family 1.5 0.0 0.2 0.2 0.9 0.0 0.5
Store/market 11.4 0.0 0.0 0.0 8.7 0.0 2.8
Family planning post 2.5 0.2 0.1 0.5 0.0 0.0 0.6
Other 2.4 0.5 0.3 3.9 1.1 0.1 1.0
Doesn’t know/missing 0.1 0.2 0.1 0.1 1.5 0.2 0.1
Total 100.0 100.0 100.0 100.0 100.0 100.0 100.0
(N) (4,100) (1,537) (9,860) (863) (407) (981) (17,815)
Note: Total includes users of other methods but excludes users of the lactational
amenorrhea method (LAM).

3.3  Percentage distribution of births in the five years 4.3 Contraceptive prevalence differentials
preceding the survey, by planning status, according to
100
birth order Any method
Percent of ever-married women

Traditional or folk methods

Birth order*
reporting contraceptive use

80 Modern methods
Planning status 1 2 3 4+ All
63 64 66 64 61
Wanted then 93.3 81.3 72.1 58.1 79.6 61
60 54 4
Wanted later 5.4 15.8 16.7 15.9 12.3
Not wanted 0.4 2.5 10.8 25.1 7.4 42
Missing 0.9 0.5 0.4 0.8 0.7 40
Total 100.0 100.0 100.0 100.0 100.0 57
(N) (6,462) (5,166) (3,136) (3,403) (18,168) 20
*Includes current pregnancy.
0
Rural Urban a b c d e Total
Residence Woman's educational level 4

336  Studies in Family Planning

 4.4 Contraceptive prevalence, by age and number of Marital Status
living children
80 5.1  Percentage distribution of women, by current
Percent reporting current contraceptive use

69 marital status, according to age

• • 69 •
68 68
•
•
Age
64
60 •
62
• 60 Marital status 15–19 20–24 25–29 30–34 35–39 40–44 45–49 Total
Never married 86.7 38.7 15.6 7.0 3.4 2.8 1.8 23.4
47
• • Married 12.8 59.2 81.6 89.1 91.8 88.8 86.2 72.0
•
42 47
Divorced/widowed 0.4 2.1 2.7 3.9 4.8 8.4 12.0 4.6
40
Total 100.0 100.0 100.0 100.0 100.0 100.0 100.0 100.0
(N) (6,341) (6,681) (6,842) (6,472) (6,213) (5,518) (4,884) (42,951)

20

20–24 30–34 40–44

8
•
0
15–19 25–29 35–39 45–49 0 1–2 3–4 5+

Age Number of living children

(Currently married women) (All women aged 15–49)

4.5 Percentage distribution of currently married women Assistance During Delivery

who are nonusers, by intention to practice contraception
in the future, according to number of living children
Number of living children*
Intention 0 1 2 3 4+ Total
Intends to use 56.5 59.9 50.4 38.2 23.2 46.2
Unsure 11.8 7.3 6.2 7.4 7.9 7.8
Does not intend to use 31.4 32.2 42.7 52.9 67.7 45.1
Missing 0.3 0.7 0.7 1.5 1.1 0.9
Total 100.0 100.0 100.0 100.0 100.0 100.0
(N) (1,653) (3,254) (2,673) (1,837) (2,533) (11,951)
*Includes current pregnancy.
6.1 Percentage distribution of births in the five years prior
to survey, by type of assistance during delivery, according
to residence
Type of assistance Rural Urban Total
Doctor 1.6 1.7 1.7
OB/GYN 4.8 18.0 10.2
Trained nurse/midwife/village midwife 69.5 64.7 67.5
Traditional birth attendant 2.8 0.6 1.9
Other/doesn’t know 0.4 0.1 0.3
Nobody 5.2 1.3 3.5
Missing 15.8 13.7 14.9
Total 100.0 100.0 100.0
(N) (9,669) (6,835) (16,504)

4.6  Percentage distribution of currently married women

aged 15–49 who are not using a contraceptive method and
who do not intend to use one in the future, by reason for
nonuse, according to age
Age
Reason for nonuse 15–29 30–49 Total
Infrequent sex/no sex 4.9 8.6 8.2
Menopausal/has had hysterectomy 0.1 16.9 15.1
Subfecund/infecund 5.3 15.0 13.9
Faith 1.9 1.2 1.3
Wants children 27.2 10.5 12.3
Opposed to family planning 1.5 1.1 1.2
Partner opposed 7.2 2.6 3.1
Other(s) opposed 0.7 0.1 0.1
Religious prohibition 0.5 0.3 0.4
Knows no method 1.7 0.7 0.8
Knows no source 0.0 0.5 0.5
Has health concerns 9.2 10.2 10.1
Fears side effects 24.6 10.8 12.3
Difficult to obtain 1.0 0.3 0.4
Too expensive 1.6 2.6 2.5
Inconvenient to use 2.0 1.4 1.5
Interferes with body’s normal functions 0.6 0.6 0.6
Too old 0.0 9.1 8.1
Other 3.1 4.2 4.1
Doesn’t know/missing 7.0 3.2 3.5
Total 100.0 100.0 100.0
(N) (586) (4,808) (5,394)

Volume 40  Number 4  December 2009  337

 Postpartum Variables Infant Mortality
7.1 Differentials in median duration of breastfeeding 8.1 Infant mortality trends
among children born in past three years
150 144 UN estimates
25
23.1 23.2
21.4 126 Survey estimate
20.8 20.7 125
19.6 19.8
20 106
18.2
Median number of months

100

Infant mortality rate

89
15
75 70
59
10 49
50 43
34
5
25

0 0
Rural Urban a b c d e Total 1965–70 '70–75 '75–80 '80–85 '85–90 '90–95 '95–2000 '00–'05 '03–07
Year
Residence Mother's educational level 4

7.2 Median duration of breastfeeding and postpartum 8.2 Infant mortality differentials for the 10-year period
insusceptibility preceeding the survey
25 100

20.7
20 73
75
Median number of months

Infant mortality rate

15 51
50 45 44
35 34
31
10 24
25

5 4.1
3.1 0
2.4
Rural Urban a b c d e Total
0 Residence 4 2003–07
Mother's educational level
Any
breastfeeding Amenorrhea Abstinence Insusceptibility*
Postpartum status

*Amenorrhea and/or abstinence.

8.3 Children ever born, surviving, and proportion dead

among all women
Mean number of children
Age of Ever Proportion
mother born Surviving dead
15–19 0.07 0.07 0.00
20–24 0.62 0.60 0.03
25–29 1.32 1.25 0.05
30–34 2.08 1.96 0.06
35–39 2.74 2.56 0.07
40–44 3.29 2.97 0.10
45–49 3.82 3.35 0.12
Total 1.88 1.73 0.08

338  Studies in Family Planning

Health: Disease, Prevention, and Treatment
9.1 Percentage of children 12 to 23 months of age who
have received specific vaccines at any time before the
survey, by residence and mother’s educational level
Percent receiving vaccines
All
Characteristic BCG DPT (3) Polio (3) Measles vaccines
Total 93.9 84.8 87.7 83.9 73.3
Residence
Rural 92.7 82.8 85.5 84.5 70.9
Urban 95.7 87.4 90.7 83.2 76.5
Mother’s educational level
None a
a
a
a
a

Primary incomplete 95.3 73.4 84.3 83.7 66.5

Primary complete 91.0 79.0 82.4 82.0 69.0
Secondary incomplete 93.4 87.6 90.4 83.0 77.3
Secondary+ 97.4 91.6 91.9 87.2 77.0
a
Figure is based on fewer than 25 unweighted cases and has been omitted.

9.2 Percentage of children younger than five years with

diarrhea in the two weeks prior to survey, and of those,
percentage consulting a health facility or provider and
percentage receiving oral rehydration therapy (ORT)
treatments, by residence and mother’s educational level
Consult
Diarrhea health ORT therapy In- No
in past facility/ ORS Home creased treat-
Characteristic two weeks provider packets solution fluids ment
Total 13.7 51.0 34.7 22.4 30.3 16.9
Residence
Rural 14.9 49.1 35.4 23.2 31.1 17.4
Urban 12.0 54.4 33.4 21.0 29.0 16.1
Mother’s educational level
None 18.1 27.7 23.3 11.1 25.5 24.3
Primary incomplete 16.6 40.7 31.6 24.8 28.0 20.8
Primary complete 15.0 45.2 32.5 20.0 31.0 16.3
Secondary incomplete 14.0 59.1 40.3 26.1 31.8 14.5
Secondary+ 10.6 60.7 35.3 22.2 30.2 16.6
ORS = Oral rehydration salts.

Volume 40  Number 4  December 2009  339

Knowledge of HIV/AIDS
11.1 Percentage of ever-married women aged 15–49 who have heard of AIDS and who, when prompted, indicate that they
know ways related to sexual behavior to avoid acquiring or transmitting the infection, by selected characteristics
Ways to avoid AIDS
Has heard Abstain Use Limit sex to one faithful Use condoms and limit sex to
Characteristic of AIDS from sex condoms uninfected partner one faithful uninfected partner (N)
Age
15–19 52.4 27.2 27.5 32.4 21.0 (845)
20–24 68.8 42.6 40.3 47.2 33.4 (4,094)
25–29 71.8 42.4 40.8 49.2 34.0 (5,771)
30–39 65.4 40.3 39.3 46.0 33.6 (12,024)
40–49 47.3 27.3 26.6 32.4 22.5 (10,160)
Marital status
Married/in union 61.8 37.1 35.9 42.8 30.3 (30,931)
Divorced/separated/widowed 49.3 29.3 28.4 32.7 23.8 (1,964)
Residence
Rural 49.3 27.5 25.8 32.0 20.9 (19,150)
Urban 77.3 49.3 48.9 56.4 42.4 (13,745)
Education
None 9.4 4.7 4.3 5.2 3.1 (2,271)
Primary incomplete 27.8 12.3 11.2 15.0 8.7 (5,572)
Primary complete 52.8 27.7 26.0 32.2 20.6 (10,077)
Secondary incomplete 77.6 47.3 44.9 53.8 37.5 (6,781)
Secondary+ 94.3 64.0 64.5 73.6 56.8 (8,193)
Wealth-index quintile
Lowest 29.9 14.1 12.6 17.2 9.5 (6,219)
Second 47.1 26.1 23.8 29.1 18.6 (6,606)
Middle 61.1 35.1 33.3 40.7 28.1 (6,710)
Fourth 74.9 46.1 44.5 53.5 38.1 (6,713)
Highest 89.9 60.0 61.3 68.5 53.8 (6,647)
Total 61.0 36.6 35.5 42.2 29.9 (32,895)

11.2 Percentage of ever-married women aged 15–49 Notes

who know that HIV/AIDS can be transmitted from mother
to child during pregnancy, during delivery, and by 1 Statistics Indonesia (Badan Pusat Statistik) and Macro International.
breastfeeding, by selected characteristics 2008. Indonesia Demographic and Health Survey 2007. Calverton, MD:
Knows HIV can be trans mitted Badan Pusat Statistik and Macro International.
During During By
Characteristic pregnancy delivery breastfeeding 2 United Nations (UN) Department of Economic and Social Affairs,
Age Population Division. 2005. World Population Prospects, 2004 Revision,
15–19 29.8 24.0 32.1
Volume 1: Comprehensive Tables. New York: UN.
20–24 44.8 37.4 45.0
25–29 50.8 43.8 49.2 3 World Bank. 2007. World Development Report 2008: Agriculture for De-
30–39 46.2 38.2 43.0
velopment. Washington, DC: World Bank.
40–49 32.4 28.9 30.7
Marital status 4 Key for mother’s educational level: a = none; b = primary incomplete;
Married/in union 42.7 36.4 40.8 c = primary complete; d = secondary incomplete; e = secondary+.
Divorced/separated/widowed 33.0 27.7 32.5
Residence This information was compiled by the Population Council in cooperation
Rural 30.1 25.4 29.6 with ICF Macro from the results of the Indonesia Demographic and Health
Urban 58.9 50.4 55.1
Survey 2007.
Education
None 4.2 4.0 4.9
Primary incomplete 14.4 12.5 14.5
Primary complete 30.3 25.4 29.9
Secondary incomplete 52.4 43.6 50.4
Secondary+ 77.7 67.0 71.9
Wealth-index quintile
Lowest 15.7 13.4 16.3
Second 27.0 23.0 27.0
Middle 39.1 32.1 37.3
Fourth 53.9 44.8 51.2
Highest 73.2 64.4 67.8
Total 42.2 35.9 40.3

340  Studies in Family Planning