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Logging / Measurement While Drilling: Vaoqana Ko Daorana Samlaokna (LWD/MWD)
Logging / Measurement While Drilling: Vaoqana Ko Daorana Samlaokna (LWD/MWD)
baIsavaIM sadI ko AMt mao, tola ]Vaoga ek bahut hI bauro samaya ‘mMadI’ ko daOr
sao, gaujar rha qaa. tola evaM gaOsa kI kImatoM bahut igar ga[-M qaIM. laagat vasaUlaI ko
saaqa kuC laaBa hao sako, [sako ilayao iD/ilaMga evaM ]%padna ko kaya-, bahut hI
xamata evaM ikfayat sao ikyao jaanao kI, AavaSyakta mahsaUsa kI ga[--. xaOitja iD/ilaMga
(horizontal drilling) evaM Anya ]cca kaoiNaya iD/ilaMga (high angle drilling) kI
tknaIkoM, [saI AiBayaana ko pirNaama hOM, taik AiQak ]%padk evaM xamata vaalao vaola
tOyaar haoM. A^afSaaor irga sao ek hI sqaana sao k[- idSaa mao vaola iD/la krnaa
tknaIkI evaM [YTtma vyaya ko Anausaar BaI ]icat hO. vahIM Aa^naSaaor mao BaI jamaIna
ko AiQaga`hNa evaM pyaa-varNa sarMxaNa sao saMbaMiQat karNaao sao ek hI sqaana k[-]cca
kaoiNaya vaola iD/la krnaa AiQak saaqa-k isaw huAa. laoikna xaOitja iD/ilaMga evaM Anya
]cca kaoiNaya iD/ilaMga sao, laa^igaMga ]Vaoga ko ilayao, kuC svaaBaaivak samasyaayaoM KDI hao
gayaIM.
ela Dblyau DI LWD TUla Apnao ema Dblyau DI MWD isasTma ko saaqa maapna
ko AaMiSak yaa saMpUNa- pirNaamaao kao BaU sath tk iD/ilaMga maD plsar drilling mud
pulser yaa Anya baohtr tknaIkaoM sao ijanamao ela Dblyau DI LWD TUla vaola ko
BaItr hI rhta hO Baojato hOM. [sao yaqaa samaya yaa ‘rIyala Ta[-ma Do[Ta’ "Real Time
Data" khto hOM. saMpUNa- maaipt Do[Ta jaao maomaaorI Do[Ta khlaata hO kao ela Dblyau
DI LWD TUla ko vaola ko baahr Aanao ko baad Da]nalaaoD ikyaa jaata hO.
ela Dblyau DI LWD tknaIk maUla $p sao ema Dblyau DI MWD tknaIk kao
baohtr banaanao hotu vaayarlaa[-na laa^igaMga ko AaMiSak yaa pUNa- ivaklp ko $p mao
ivakisat kI ga[-. ipClao dSak mao ivakisat baohtr evaM ]plabQa tknaIkaoM kI
sahayata sao Aaja ela Dblyau DI LWD ka ]pyaaoga rIyala Ta[-ma evaM ]cca kaoiNaya
vaola mao iD/ilaMga, ijayaaosTIyairMga tqaa farmaoSana ko A^Maklana mao vyaapk $p sao haot a
hO.
ela Dblyau DI LWD AiQakaMSat: farmaoSana A^Maklana sao saMbaMiQat vah samast
jaanakairyaaM^ ]plabQa kra saktI hOM jaao vaayarlaa[-na laa^igaMga ko iT/pla kambaao sao
p`aPt haotI hO .jaOsao p`itraoQakta, Gana%va, nyauT^/ana sarMQ`ata, gaamaa ivaikrNa tqaa
koilapr (resistivity density, neutron porosity, gamma ray, caliper); Aaid.laoikna
yao laa^ga ]sa vaola ko hI laa^ga sao kafI iBanna payao jaato hOM. yah AMtr malTIvaola
AQyayana mao BaI payaa jaata hO evaM BaUvaO&ainakaoM kao yah &at haonaa AavaSyak hO ik
yah AMtr maa~ ela Dblyau DI LWD AaOr vaayarlaa[-na laaga mao hO yaa vaastva mao
farmaoSana kI p`kRit mao iBannata ko karNa hO.
TUla ko isaganala mao maaOilak AMtr ko Alaavaa ela Dblyau DI LWD evaM vaayarlaa[-na
laa^igaMga ko AaproiTva vaatavarNa mao AMtr sao BaI ek hI trh ko maapna jaOs ao
p`itraoQakta, Gana%va, nyauT^/ana sarMQ`ata, gaamaa ivaikrNa (resistivity, density, neutron,
gamma ray) mao vyaapk AMtr hao sakta hO jaao ik Aagaar ko A^Maklana kao BaI bahut
kuC p`Baaivat kr sakta hO. maapna ko [na matBaodaoM ko mah%va kao najarAMdaja nahI
ikyaa jaa sakta. poTa/oifijakla maanakaoM mao ek bahut CaoTI saI ~uiT sao BaI Aagaar
ko A^Maklana mao ArbaaoM $pyao ka AMtr Aa sakta hO. ela Dblyau DI LWD evaM
vaayarlaa[-na laa^igaMga ko maapna ko AMtr ka AQyayana evaM ]naka p`Baava inamnailaiKt
ibanduAaoM pr ikyaa jaa sakta hO:
[na saBaI ivaQaaAaoM kao Qyaana mao rKkr [na laa^gsa mao saaqa-k tulanaa ko sausaMgat
p`yaasa ikyao jaa sakto hOM.
ela Dblyau DI LWD evaM vaayarlaa[-na laaigaMga TUla ko saoMsar kI banaavaT mao
AMtr ko flasva$p baaorhaola kI samaana vaatavarNa evaM Avasqaa mao BaI jaao
laa^gsa mao iBannata hao saktI hO.
gaamaa ivaikrNa vah phlaa laa^ga qaa jaao ela Dblyau DI LWD mao irkaD- ikyaa
gayaa qaa. yah saamaanyat: gauNaa%mak ivavaocanaa ko ilayao ]pyaaoga mao laayaa jaata
hO jaOsao ik, farmaoSana kI ]prI sath kI jaanakarI mao, kaoirMga mao evaM
koisaMga pa^[-MTsa Aaid kI jaanakarI mao. [sa la^aga ka ]pyaaoga Saola ko
Aayatna kI gaNanaa mao BaI ikyaa jaata hO, taik Aagaar ko sahI AaMklana ko
Saola ko ivaprIt p`Baava kao hTayaa jaa sako. haM^laaik, ela Dblyau DI gaamaa
ivaikrNa TUla sao, iD/ilaMga ko turMt baad, ibanaa iksaI [navaojana yaa vaaSaAa]T
ko, p`arMiBak str pr laaigaMga ko, Apnao laaBa hOM, laoikna AiQak maaoTa[- vaalao
iD/lakalar, jaao saoMsar ko [d-igad- haoto hOM, gaamaa ivaikrNa ka AvaSaaoYaNa kr
laoto hOM, ijasasao kma ]jaa- vaalaI gaamaa ivaikrnao AiQak p`Baaivat haotI hO.
M At:
epIAa[- maanak (API standard) ko Anausaar saMSaaoQana AavaSyak hao jaata hO
evaM [sako baavajaUd ]jaa- ko spo@T/ma kI iBannata evaM k^alar kI dIvaar sao
hue gaOr Anaupaitk xaINana nonlinear attenuation ko karNa kuC ~uiTyaaM rh
jaatI hOM. ivaSaoYakr tba jaba paoToiSayama , yaUroinayama tqaa qaaoiryama ka Anaupat
API AMSaakna sauivaQaa ko Anaupat sao iBanna hao. [sako karNa yah laaga
vaayarlaa[na Do[Ta sao baDoo pOmaanao pr iBanna hao jaata hO evaM paoToiSayama ,
yaUroinayama tqaa qaaoiryama kI maa~a ka maapna saTIk nahI haota hO. ifr BaI
TaoTla gaamaa laa^ga Vsh ko A^Maklana mao ]pyau@t haota hO.
iD/ilaMga sao vaayarlaa[na laaigaMga tk samayaanausaar baaorhaola kI Avasqaa mao
ivaSaoYa pirvat-na Aata hO. yah baat ela Dblyau DI LWD ko pxa mao jaatI hO
@yaaoMik baaorhaola ko Aakar mao kma pirvat-na tqaa [navaojana BaI kma haota hO
@yaaoMik laa^ga yaqaasamaya irkaD- haoto hOM. ela Dblyau DI LWD evaM vaayarlaa[-
na laaigaMga ka yah p`yaasa rhta hO ik [nako Wara BaaOitk maapna evaM
Anaumaana sao tqaa gaiNat ko kuC isawaMtaoM kI madd sao baaorhaola kI Avasqaa mao
pirvat-na ko p`Baava kao (environmental correction) samauicat saMSaaoQana Wara
inaiYk`ya ikyaa jaayao. ]dahrNa ko ilayao ela Dblyau DI LWD saoMsar kI
baaorhaola kI dIvaar sao dUrI badlatI rhtI hO jaao Gana%va evaM sarMQa`ta maapna
kI pirSauwta kao kafI hd tk p`Baaivat kr saktI hO. vaayarlaa[-n a
laaigaMga mao [sa samasyaa ka hla TUla kao dIvaar sao saTakr kr ilayaa
jaata hO taik Gana%va evaM nyauT/ana TUla kI dUrI kma sao kma hao. saaqa hI
koilapr ka maap laokr AavaSyak saMSaaoQana ikyaa jaata hO. [saI p`kar ela
Dblyau DI LWD ]pkrNaao kao sToibalaa[jar blaoD mao sqaaipt ikyaa jaata hO
taik saoMsar baaorhaola ko AiQak sao AiQak najadIk haoM. iD/ilMaga kI ApnaI
tknaIkI saImaaAaoM ko karNa ela Dblyau DI LWD ]pkrNaao kao ivakoMid`t
kr dIvaar sao iktnaa BaI saTanao ka p`ya%na ikyaa jaayao dIvaar sao dUrI kao
pUrI trh sao nagaNya nahI ikyaa jaa sakta. AlT/asaaoinak koilapr baaorhaola
kI jyaaimatI geometry evaM TUla ka ‘sTonDAaf’ yaaMi~kIya vaayarlaa[-n a
koilapr kI tulanaa mao AiQak pirSauwta ko saaqa maapto hOM .
laa^igaMga kI yah pVit AssaI ko dSak mao, ivakisat kI gayaI, ijasamao la^aigaMga
TUla kao iD/laisT/Mga ko saaqa hI jaaoD kr ]tarnao ka, p`avaQaana ikyaa gayaa. ipClao
kuC vaYaaoM- mao, majabaUt (rugged) [lao@Ta/ina@sa evaM baohtr Do[Ta saMcaar pVityaaoM kI
saflata sao, maapna ko Anaok AaQauinak ]pkrNa ]plabQa hue. (MWD)
Measurement While Drilling, maUlat: [na ]pkrNaao ka hI ek saMga`hNa hO, jaao
p`aqaimak sTIyairMga TUla ko maa^Dyaulsa ka samauh hO . yah p`NaalaI AavaSyak idSaa
saMbaMQaI jaanakarI p`dana krtI hO, jaao ibaT ko laxyaanausaar pircaalana (steering
to its target) mao, evaM vyaavahairk taOr pr prmpragat laa^igaMga saMbaMQaI, lagaBaga
saBaI p`kar ko Do[Ta, jaOsao nyauT/ana evaM Gana%va sarMQ`ata, p`itraoQakta, Qvainak
trMgalaoK ( acoustic waveform), ibaT pr Baar ( weight on bit), haola ka kaoNa
evaM idSaa Aaid kI jaanakarI BaI, mauhOyaa kra sakto hOM.
MWD ka ek p`mauK laaBa yah hO, ik vaola kI Avasqaa kOsaI BaI hao
f^armaoSana kI mah%vapUNa- jaanakairyaaM^ p`aPt kr hI laI jaatI hOM. AnvaoYaNa iD/ilaMga
mao ivaSaoYakr Aa^fSaaor mao iksaI vaola ka p`aqaimak mah%va la^aga kI jaanakarI p`aPt
krnao sao haota hO. vaola kI halat kOsaI BaI hao , caaho AaMQaI Aayao yaa tUfana, MWD
sao jaanakarI p`aPt krnaa, sauinaiScat hao jaata hO .
ela DblyaU DI mao la^aigaMga saoMsar iD/ilaMga isT/Mga mao hI samaaiht haoto hOM. ibaT
ko farmaoSana mao Cod krnao ko saaqa hI saaqa ibanaa AiQak [nvaojana ko turMt hI
baad baaorhaola kI isqit Kraba haonao sao phlao hI poT/aoifijakla pOramaITr irka^D -
kr ilayao jaato hO.
prmpragat ema DblyaU DI maapna vaola kI sahI idSaa inaQaa-rNa mao tqaa kuC
yaaMi~kIya Do[Ta tqaa kuC gauNaatmak la^aga Do[Ta p`aPt krnao mao sahayak isaw haot o
hOM. ela DblyaU DI sao ]cca p`kar ko vaayarlaa[na jaOsao Do[Ta p`aPt kr farmaoSana
ka maUlyaaMkna ikyaa jaa sakta hO.
Sau$Aat mao ema DblyaU DI kao vaoQana kI idSaa inaQaa-rNa ko ilayao ikyaa gayaa
@yaaoMik malTISaa^T Do[Ta p`aPt krnao mao kiznaa[- haotI qaI. ema DblyaU DI Do[Ta
ka saMcaar iD/ilaMga d`va ko Wara maaDulaoToD pòSar vaova ko maaQyama sao 3 ibaTsa p`it
saokMD (3bits/second) ko dr sao t%kala real time mao Baojaa jaata rha.
samayaanausaar saoMsar ko samanvaya sao [nakI xamata kao baZayaa gayaa. ela DblyaU DI
mao Do[Ta kao Da]nahaola maomaaorI maa^DyaUla mao irkaD- ikyaa jaata hO AaOr TUla ko
sarfosa pr phuMcanao ko baad inakalaa (retrieve irT/a[va ikyaa) jaata hO. QaIro
QaIro kalaaMtr mao Aaja saamaanyat: ela DblyaU DI Sabd ko p`yaaoga mao ela DblyaU
DI evaM ema DblyaU DI daonaao p`kar ko maapna kao samaaiht ikyaa jaata hO.
ela DblyaU DI maapna vaola iD/la krnao ko turMt baad lagaatar iD/ilaMga AaOr
kaoirMga Wara hue duSp`Baava ko phlao hI ikyaa jaata hO. [sako flasva$p baaorhaola
ko BaItr [nvaojana BaI vaayarlaa[na laa^igaMga kI tulanaa mao kma hI haota hO .
ela DblyaU DI ]pkrNa baOT/I sao p^avar laoto hOM tqaa [p``a^ma (EPROM
erasable/programmable read-only memory chips) mao Do[Ta sTaor
krto hOM evaM baad mao kmpyauTr mao Da]nalaaoD kr ilayao jaato hOM. ela DblyaU DI
]pkrNa barabar barabar gaOp ko samaya AMtrala mao , maapna krto hO evaM ]naka
tartmya synchronization, irga pr sqaaipt ek AaOr maapna p`naalaI sao, jaao
samaya evaM iD/ilaMga kI gahra[- ka inarIxaNa krtI hO, sao baOzayaa jaata hO. iD/ilaMga
ko ]praMt, ela DblyaU DI ]pkrNa kao Alaga kr, Do[Ta kao ‘RS232 serial
link’ ilaMk sao, laOpTa^p kmpyauTr mao, Da]nalaaoD ikyaa jaata hO. Aphaola evaM
Da]nahaola @laa^k ko isaMk`aonaa[jaoSana synchronization yaa samanvaya sao,
sarfosa mao maapo gayao, samaya evaM gahra[- ko Do[Ta kao, Da]nahaola samayaanausaar
irkaD- ikyao gayao Do[Ta fa[la ko saaqa, samainvat (merge) ikyaa jaata hO. [sa
p`kar p`aPt gahra[- ko Anausaar AMikt Do[Ta kao [nTrp`ToSana ko ilayao p`aosaoisaMga
isasTma (DHML) mao sqaanaaMtirt ikyaa jaata hO.
iksaI BaI samaya maD pMp kao baMd kr savao- ikyaa jaa sakta hO. yao rIyala Ta[ma
maapna xaOitja ( horizontal well) idSaa kao sahI laxya tk phuMcaanao mao mah%vapUNa-
yaaogadana doto hOM .yaid GaYa-Na Wara nauksaana hue Ta^k- evaM Baar kI jaanakarI hao
tao vaola kI idSaa mao hu[- ~uiT mao sauQaar ikyaa jaa sakta hO.
ispna (SPIN) p`aoga`ama baaorhaola GaYa-Na kI gaNanaa yaqaasamaya (Real Time) mao
krta hO ijasakI sahayata sao isTikMga kI saMBaavanaa ka Aiga`ma AaBaasa ikyaa jaa
sakta hO AaOr AavaSyak kdma ]zayao jaa sakto hOM. jaOsao kI rImaIMga yaa vaa[-pr
iT/p Aaid AaOr [sa p`kar sTk Ap sao bacaayaa jaa sakta hO. xaOitja Baaga kI
iD/ilaMga ko daOrana gaamaaro kI sahayata sao farmaoSana kI saImaa ‘ baa]nD/I’ kI
jaanakarI imalatI hO.vaolabaaor kI idSaa kao sTIyairMga maaoTr kI sahayata sao zIk
ikyaa jaa sakta hO.
vaayarlaa[-na laa^igaMga ko ivaprIt ela DblyaU DI TUlsa Do[Ta kao samaya ko saapoxa
irkaD- krto hOM. IDEAL sarfosa isasTma irga Flaaor ko naIcao ko iD/la isT/Mga
kI samaya evaM gahra[- kao irkaD- krta hO. JOIDES pr ela DblyaU DI
AaproSana mao pirSauw evaM sahI gahra[- ka maaga-inaQaa-rNa (accurate and precise
depth tracking) evaM inamna ilaiKt ka sahI sahI maapna evaM A^Maklana AavaSyak
haota hO :
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