Professional Documents
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2013 14 PDF
2013 14 PDF
2013 14 PDF
List of Options
Course Number Course Title Credit Hour Group
Option I Courses
EEE 439 Electrical Machines III/ Energy Conversion III 3.0 Power
EEE 453 Processing and Fabrication Technology 3.0 Electronics
EEE 473 Digital Signal Processing II 3.0 Communication
CSE 411 PLC troubleshooting and programming 3.0 Computer
EEE 495 Fundamentals of Nanoelectronics and Quantum Transport 3.0 Electronics
Option II Courses
EEE 441 Power Electronics 3.0
Power
EEE 442 Power Electronics Lab 1.5
EEE 423 Computer Interfacing & Industrial Automation 3.0
EEE 424 Computer Interfacing & Industrial Automation Lab 1.5 Electronics
EEE 457 Microcontroller System Design 3.0 (any one)
EEE 458 Microcontroller System Design Lab 1.5
EEE 475 RF and Microwave Engineering 3.0
Communication
EEE 476 RF and Microwave Engineering Lab 1.5
CSE413 Microprocessor System Design 3.0
Computer
CSE414 Microprocessor System Design Lab 1.5
Option III Courses
EEE 443 Power Plant Engineering 3.0 Power
EEE 459 Compound Semiconductor and Hetero-Junction Devices 3.0 Electronics
EEE 477 Geographical Communication 3.0 Communication
CSE 417 Real Time Computer System 3.0 Computer
Option IV Courses
EEE 445 Power System Protection 3.0
EEE 446 Power System Protection Lab 1.5 Power
EEE 447 High Voltage Engineering 3.0 (any one)
EEE 448 High Voltage Engineering Lab 1.5
EEE 461 VLSI II 3.0
EEE 462 VLSI II Lab 1.5 Electronics
EEE 463 Programmable ASIC Design 3.0 (any one)
EEE 464 Programmable ASIC Design Lab 1.5
EEE 481 Optical Fiber Communication 3.0
Communication
EEE 482 Optical Fiber Communication Lab 1.5
CSE 361 Computer Networking 3.0
Computer
CSE 362 Computer Networking Lab 1.5
Option V Courses
EEE 449 Power System Reliability 3.0 Power
EEE 465 Optoelectronics 3.0 Electronics
EEE 483 Telecommunication Engineering 3.0 Communication
CSE 329 Computer Architecture 3.0 Computer
EEE497 Introduction to Non-linear Optics and Nanophotonics 3.0 Electronics
Option VI Courses
EEE 451 Power System Operation and Control 3.0 Power
EEE 467 Semiconductor Device Theory 3.0 Electronics
EEE 485 Cellular Mobile and Satellite Communication 3.0 Communication
CSE 415 Multimedia Communications 3.0 Computer
EEE499 Quantum Computing 3.0 Electronics
Option VII Courses (Interdisciplinary)
EEE 487 Control System II 3.0
Interdisciplinary
EEE 488 Control System II Lab 1.5
EEE 489 Renewable Energy Systems 3.0
Interdisciplinary
EEE 490 Renewable Energy Systems Lab 1.5
EEE 491 Biomedical Instrumentation 3.0
Interdisciplinary
EEE 492 Biomedical Instrumentation Lab 1.5
EEE 493 Measurement and Instrumentation 3.0
Interdisciplinary
EEE 494 Measurement and Instrumentation Lab 1.5
School of Applied Sciences & Technology 105
Detailed Syllabus
Core Courses
EEE 103 INTRODUCTION TO ELECTRICAL AND ELECTRONIC CIRCUITS
2 Hours/Week, 2.0 Credits
Voltage and Current, Power and Energy, Ohm’s law, Series-Parallel circuits ,Voltage division and current division,
KVL,KCL, Nodal analysis, Mesh analysis, Superposition theorem, Thevenin’s theorem, Source transformation, Capacitors
and Inductors with series parallel connection.
Diode, I-V characteristics of diode, half and full wave rectifier, series- parallel configuration of diode.
Binary logic, Boolean algebra, De Morgan’s theorem, Basic Logic gates, Universal gate
EEE 104 INTRODUCTION TO ELECTRICAL AND ELECTRONIC CIRCUITS LAB (For IPE & BMB)
3 Hours/Week, 1.5 Credits
Voltage and Current, Power and Energy, Ohm’s law, Series-Parallel circuits ,Voltage division and current division, KVL,
KCL, Nodal analysis, Mesh analysis, Superposition theorem, Thevenin’s theorem, Maximum power transfer, Source
transformation, Capacitors and Inductors with series parallel connection, Sinusoidal alternating wave forms, phasor
diagram ,phase relation.
Diode construction, I-V characteristics of diode, half and full wave rectifier, series- parallel configuration of diode, Bipolar
junction transistor construction, common emitter, common base, common collector configuration, operating point of BJT,
Fixed bias circuit, Emitter stabilized bias circuit, Voltage divider bias.
Binary logic, Boolean algebra, De Morgan’s theorem, Basic Logic gates, Universal gates.
7. Determination of phase relation between voltage and current in inductor and capacitor.
8. Making AND/OR gates using diode/ transistors.
9. Making half wave and full wave rectifier.
10. Introduction to logic gate IC.
a. Circuit Models: Linear circuit elements, Ohm’s law, Voltage and Current sources, Kirchhoff’s voltage and Current law,
Voltage and Current Divider rules, Series Parallel Circuits, Circuit Theorem: Thevenin’s, Norton’s, Maximum power
transfer, Superposition Reciprocity Theorem DC analysis: Source conversion, Branch Current, Mesh analysis, Nodal
Analysis, Bridge Network, Delta-Y conversion Transient and Time Domain Analysis: Transient in RC, RL and RLC
circuits, Reactance, Average power AC theory and Frequency Domain Analysis: Phasors, Source conversion, Series
Parallel AC circuits, Mesh analysis, Nodal Analysis Resonance: Series, Parallel resonance circuit, Q values
b. Semiconductors: Semiconductor materials, Energy levels, n, p type Semiconductor Devices: Diode, Transistor, FET,
Optoelectronic devices and their uses in circuits Operational Amplifier: Basic operation and use in construction of analog
circuits
Circuit variables and elements: Voltage, current, power, energy, independent and dependent sources, and resistance. Basic
laws: Ohm’s law, Kirchhoff’s current and voltage laws. Simple resistive circuits: Series and parallel circuits, voltage and
current division, wye-delta transformation. Techniques of circuit analysis: Nodal and mesh analysis including super node
and super mesh. Network theorems: Source transformation, Thevenin’s, Norton’s and superposition theorems with
applications in circuits having independent and dependent sources, maximum power transfer condition and reciprocity
theorem. Energy storage elements: Inductors and capacitors, series parallel combination of inductors and capacitors.
Responses of RL and RC circuits: Natural and step responses.
Sinusoidal functions: Instantaneous current, voltage, power, effective current and voltage, average power, phasors and
complex quantities, impedance, real and reactive power, power factor. Analysis of single phase AC circuits: Series and
parallel RL, RC and RLC circuits, nodal and mesh analysis, application of network theorems in AC circuits
Pre-requisite: N/A
Textbook: Introductory Circuit Analysis by Boylestad
Reference: Networks, lines and fields by J. D. Ryder
1. In this course students will perform experiments to verify practically the theories and concepts learned in EEE-
109.
2. To familiar with the operation of different electrical instruments.
3. To verify the following theorems:
KCL and KVL theorem,
Superposition theorem,
Thevenin’s theorem,
Norton’s theorem and
School of Applied Sciences & Technology 107
Circuit variables and elements: Voltage, current, power, energy, independent and dependent sources, and resistance. Basic
laws: Ohm’s law, Kirchhoff’s current and voltage laws. Simple resistive circuits: Series and parallel circuits, voltage and
current division, wye-delta transformation. Techniques of circuit analysis: Nodal and mesh analysis including super node
and super mesh. Network theorems: Source transformation, Thevenin’s, Norton’s and superposition theorems with
applications in circuits having independent and dependent sources, maximum power transfer condition and reciprocity
theorem. Energy storage elements: Inductors and capacitors, series parallel combination of inductors and capacitors.
Responses of RL and RC circuits: Natural and step responses.
Magnetic quantities and variables: Flux, permeability and reluctance, magnetic field strength, magnetic potential, flux
density, magnetization curve. Laws in magnetic circuits: Ohm’s law and Ampere’s circuital law. Magnetic circuits: series,
parallel and series-parallel circuits.
Pre-requisite: N/A
Textbook: Introductory circuit analysis by Boylestad
Reference: Networks, lines and fields by J. D. Ryder
In this course students will perform experiments to verify practically the theories and concepts learned in EEE-101 and
EEE 123.
1. To familiar with the operation of different electrical instruments.
2. To verify the following theorems:
KCL and KVL theorem,
Superposition theorem,
Thevenin’s theorem,
Norton’s theorem and
Maximum power transfer theorem
3. To design and construct of low pass and high pass filter and draw their characteristics curves.
4. To investigate the voltage regulation of a simulated transmission network.
5. Study the characteristics of Star-Delta connection
6. Study the frequency response of an RLC circuit and find its resonant frequency.
7. To perform also other experiments relevant to this course.
Pre-requisite: EEE 121 ELECTRICAL CIRCUITS I
Textbook: Introductory circuit analysis by Boylestad
Reference: Networks, lines and fields by J. D. Ryder
Sinusoidal functions: Instantaneous current, voltage, power, effective current and voltage, average power, phasors and
complex quantities, impedance, real and reactive power, power factor. Analysis of single phase AC circuits: Series and
parallel RL, RC and RLC circuits, nodal and mesh analysis, application of network theorems in AC circuits, circuits with
non-sinusoidal excitations, transients in AC circuits, passive filters. Resonance in AC circuits: Series and parallel resonance.
Magnetically coupled circuits. Analysis of three phase circuits: Three phase supply, balanced and unbalanced circuits, and
power calculation.
Pre-requisite: EEE 121ELECTRICAL CIRCUITS I
Textbook: Introductory circuit analysis by Boylestad
Reference: Networks, lines and fields by J. D. Ryder
Simulation laboratory based on EEE-1011 and EEE-1113 theory courses. Students will verify the theories and concepts
learned in EEE-1011 and EEE-1113 using simulation software like PSpice and Matlab. Students will also perform specific
design of DC and AC circuits theoretically and by simulation.
Pre-requisite:EEE 121ELECTRICAL CIRCUITS I
Textbook: Introductory circuit analysis by Boylestad
Reference: Networks, lines and fields by J. D. Ryder
Conduit layout ,fitting fixture layout of different equipment,Wiring system design, drafting, and estimation. Design for
illumination and lighting. Electrical installations system design: substation, BBT and protection, air-conditioning, heating
and lifts, A design problem on a single-storied/ multi-storied building/structure.
P-N junction as a circuit element: Intrinsic and extrinsic semiconductors, operational principle of p-n junction diode, contact
potential, current-voltage characteristics of a diode, Diode circuits: Half wave and full wave rectifiers, rectifiers with filter
capacitor, characteristics of a Zener diode, clamping and clipping circuits.
Bipolar Junction Transistor (BJT) as a circuit element: current components, BJT characteristics and regions of operation,
BJT as an amplifier, biasing the BJT for discrete circuits, small signal equivalent circuit models, BJT as a switch.
Metal Oxide Semiconductor Field Effect Transistor (MOSFET) as circuit element: structure and physical operation of an
enhancement MOSFET, threshold voltage, Body effect, current-voltage characteristics of an enhancement MOSFET,
biasing discrete and integrated MOS amplifier circuits, single-stage MOS amplifiers, MOSFET as a switch, CMOS inverter.
Operational amplifiers (Op-Amp): Properties of ideal Op-Amps, non-inverting and inverting amplifiers, inverting
integrators, differentiator, weighted summer and other applications of Op-Amp circuits.
Introduction to photodiode, Laser, Solar cell, Photo detector, LED.
Pre-requisite: EEE 109& EEE 110
Textbook: Electronics Devices by R. L. Boylestad
Reference: Electronics Principles. By Malvino
P-N junction as a circuit element: Intrinsic and extrinsic semiconductors, operational principle of p-n junction diode, contact
potential, current-voltage characteristics of a diode, simplified DC and AC diode models, dynamic resistance and
capacitance. Diode circuits: Half wave and full wave rectifiers, rectifiers with filter capacitor, characteristics of a Zener
diode, Zener shunt regulator, clamping and clipping circuits. Bipolar Junction Transistor (BJT) as a circuit element: current
components, BJT characteristics and regions of operation, BJT as an amplifier, biasing the BJT for discrete circuits, small
signal equivalent circuit models, BJT as a switch. Single stage mid-band frequency BJT amplifier circuits: Voltage and
current gain, input and output impedance of a common base, common emitter and common collector amplifier circuits.
Metal Oxide Semiconductor Field Effect Transistor (MOSFET) as circuit element: structure and physical operation of an
enhancement MOSFET, threshold voltage, Body effect, current-voltage characteristics of an enhancement MOSFET,
biasing discrete and integrated MOS amplifier circuits, single-stage MOS amplifiers, MOSFET as a switch, CMOS inverter.
Junction Field-Effect-Transistor (JFET): Structure and physical operation of JFET, transistor characteristics, pinch-off
voltage. Differential and multistage amplifiers: Description of differential amplifiers, small-signal operation, differential and
common mode gains, RC coupled mid-band frequency amplifier.
Pre-requisite:EEE 121Electrical Circuits I&EEE 123Electrical Circuits II
Textbook:Electronics Devices by R. L. Boylestad
In this course students will perform experiments to verify practically the theories and concepts learned in EEE-221.
• To familiar with electronics devices and Laboratory Equipments.
• To study of V-l Characteristics curve of P-N junction diode.
• To study of Half-Wave Rectification circuit.
• To study of Full-Wave Rectification circuit (Bridge & Center- tap).
• To study of Clipping and clamping circuit.
• To study MosFET and BJT characteristics.
Pre-requisite: EEE 121 Electrical Circuits I& EEE 122 Electrical Circuits Lab
Textbook: Electronics Devices by R. L. Boylestad
Reference: Electronics Principles. By Malvino
Transformer: Ideal transformer- transformation ratio, no-load and load vector diagrams; actual transformer- equivalent
circuit, regulation, short circuit and open circuit tests. Three phase induction motor: Rotating magnetic field, equivalent
circuit, vector diagram, torque-speed characteristics, effect of changing rotor resistance and reactance on torque-speed
curves, motor torque and developed rotor power, no-load test, blocked rotor test, starting and braking and speed control.
Single phase induction motor: Theory of operation, equivalent circuit and starting.
Pre-requisite: EEE 121Electrical Circuits I& EEE 123 Electrical Circuits II
Textbook: Electrical Machines by Charles I. Hubert
Reference: Energy conversion: systems, flow physics and engineering by Professor Reiner Decher
This course consists of two parts. In the first part, students will perform experiments to verify practically the theories and
concepts learned in EEE 223. In the second part, students will design simple systems using the principles learned in EEE
223.
110 Department of Electrical and Electronics Engineering
Pre-requisite: EEE 124 Electrical Circuits Lab & EEE 126 Electrical Circuit Simulation Lab
Textbook: Energy conversion by Kenneth C. Weston
Reference: Energy conversion: systems, flow physics and engineering by Professor Reiner Decher
Synchronous Generator: excitation systems, equivalent circuit, vector diagrams at different loads, factors affecting voltage
regulation, synchronous impedance, synchronous impedance method of predicting voltage regulation and its limitations.
Parallel operation: Necessary conditions, synchronizing, circulating current and vector diagram. Synchronous motor:
Operation, effect of loading under different excitation condition, effect of changing excitation, V-curves and starting. DC
generator: Types, no-load voltage characteristics, build-up of a self excited shunt generator, critical field resistance, load-
voltage characteristic, effect of speed on no-load and load characteristics and voltage regulation. DC motor: Torque, counter
emf, speed, torque-speed characteristics, starting and speed regulation. Introduction to wind turbine generators.
Pre-requisite: EEE 223 Electrical Machines I
Textbook: Electric Machinery Fundamentals by Stephen J. Chapman
Reference: Energy conversion: systems, flow physics and engineering by Professor Reiner Decher
This course consists of two parts. In the first part, students will perform experiments to verify practically the theories and
concepts learned in EEE 225. In the second part, students will design simple systems using the principles learned in EEE
225.
Pre-requisite: EEE 224 Electrical Machines I Lab
Textbook: Energy conversion by Kenneth C. Weston
Reference: Energy conversion: systems, flow physics and engineering by Professor Reiner Decher
Frequency response of amplifiers: Poles, zeros and Bode plots, amplifier transfer function, techniques of determining 3 dB
frequencies of amplifier circuits, frequency response of single-stage and cascade amplifiers, frequency response of
differential amplifiers. Operational amplifiers (Op-Amp): Properties of ideal Op-Amps, non-inverting and inverting
amplifiers, inverting integrators, differentiator, weighted summer and other applications of Op-Amp circuits, effects of finite
open loop gain and bandwidth on circuit performance, logic signal operation of Op-Amp, DC imperfections. General
purpose Op-Amp: DC analysis, small-signal analysis of different stages, gain and frequency response of 741 Op-Amp.
Negative feedback: properties, basic topologies, feedback amplifiers with different topologies, stability, frequency
compensation. Active filters: Different types of filters and specifications, transfer functions, realization of first and second
order low, high and band pass filters using Op-Amps. Signal generators: Basic principle of sinusoidal oscillation, Op-Amp
RC oscillators, LC and crystal oscillators. Power Amplifiers: Classification of output stages, class A, B and AB output
stages.
Pre-requisite: EEE 221Electronics I
Textbook: Electronics Devices by R. L. Boylestad
Reference: Electronics Principles. By Malvino
In this course students will perform experiments to verify practically the theories and concepts learned in EEE- 227.
• Study of R-C coupling.
• Study of Transformer coupling.
• Study of Direct coupling.
• Study of R-C Phase shift Oscillator.
• Study of Transistor Tuned Oscillator.
• Study of Negative feedback circuit.
Pre-requisite: EEE 222Electronic Circuit Simulation Lab
Textbook: Electronics Devices by R. L. Boylestad
Reference: Electronics Principles. By Malvino
Review of Vector Algebra and Co-ordinate System: Curvilinear Co-Ordinates, Rectangular Cylindrical and Spherical
Co-Ordinates, Gradient, Divergence, Curl and Formulas involving Vector Operations,.
Electrostatics: Coulombs law, Gauss’s theorem, Laplace’s and Poisson’s equations, Energy of an electrostatic system,
Magneto static: Ampere’s law, BiotSavart law, Energy of magneto static system. Maxwell’s equations: Their derivations,
Continuity of charges, Concept of displacement current, Electro-Magnetic Energy, Boundary conditions, The Wave
Equations with Sources. Potentials used with varying charges and currents, Retarded potentials, Maxwell’s equation in
different co-ordinate systems.
Relation between circuit theory and field theory: Circuit concepts and the derivation from the field equations, high
frequency circuit concepts, Circuit radiation resistance, Skin effect and circuit impedance, Concept of good and Perfect
conductors and dielectrics, Propagation in good conductors, Reflection of uniform plane waves, standing wave ratio,
Dispersion in dielectrics.
Propagation of electromagnetic waves: Plane wave propagation, Polarization, Power flow and pointing theorem,
Transmission line analogy, Display lines ion in dielectrics, Liquids and solids,
Radio wave propagation: Different types of radio wave propagation Ionosphere, Vertical heights and critical frequencies
of layers, Propagation of RW through Ionosphere, Reflection of RW, Skip distance and MUF, Fading, Static and noise, Two
way communication.
Pre-requisite: MAT 102 Matrices, Vector Analysis & Geometry
Textbook: Field and Wave Electromagnetic by David K. Cheng
Simulation laboratory based on EEE-221 theory course. Students will verify the theories and concepts learned in EEE 221
using simulation software like PSpice and Matlab. Students will also perform specific design of electronics circuits
theoretically and by simulation.
• To familiar with electronics devices and Laboratory Equipments.
• To study of V-l Characteristics curve of P-N junction diode.
• To study of V-l Characteristics curve of a Zener diode.
• To study of Half-Wave Rectification circuit.
• To study of Full-Wave Rectification circuit (Bridge &Cente- tap)
• To familiar with NPN and PNP Transistors.
• To study of Full-Wave filter circuit.
• To study of Common Emitter (CE) Transistor Amplifier circuits.
• To study of Clipping and clamping circuit.
• To study of output characteristics of an FET.
• To study of JFET as an amplifier.
To study of output characteristics of a JFET.
Pre-requisite: EEE 124 Electrical Circuits Lab & EEE 126 Electrical Circuit Simulation Lab
Textbook: Electronics Devices by R. L. Boylestad
Reference: Electronics Principles. By Malvino
Wiring system design, Fitting and Fixture layout, Conduit layout, drafting, and estimation. Design for illumination and
lighting. Electrical installations system design: substation, BBT and protection, air-conditioning, heating and lifts. Design
for intercom, public address systems, telephone system and LAN. Design of security systems including CCTV, fire Alarm,
smoke detector, burglar alarm, and sprinkler system. A design problem on a single/multi-storied building/structure.
Reference: Signals and Systems by Alan V. Oppenheim, Alan S. Willsky, S. Hamid, S. Hamid Nawab
Introduction to number systems and codes, Boolean algebra, Basic gates and functions, Combinational logic design : Power
optimization of basic gates and combinational logic circuits. Modular combinational circuit design, multiplexer,
demultiplexer, decoder, encoder, comparators, binary arithmetic elements and ALU design, Sequential circuits: different
types of latches, flip-flops, timing analysis and power optimization of sequential circuits, sequential logic design, modular
sequential logic circuit design: shift registers, counters and their applications, logic devices: logic arrays, field
programmable logic arrays and programmable read only memory, DC characteristics, noise margin and power dissipation,
Logic families.
Pre-requisite: EEE 221 Electronics I
Textbook: Digital Logic Design by M. Morris Mano
Reference: Switching Theory by Dr. V. K. Jain
This course consists of two parts. In the first part, students will perform experiments to verify practically the theories and
concepts learned in EEE-323. In the second part, students will design simple systems using the principles learned in EEE-
323.
• To construct and study the following logic gates: AND, OR, NOT. NAND, NOR, EXOR
• Verify the Demorgan’s Law : Law(I) and Law(II)
• To Verify different kind of applications of Boolean algebra.
• To construct an AND gate by diode resistors and observe its characteristics.
• To verify the characteristics of Exclusive OR and Exclusive NOR using basic logic gate.
• Verification of De-Morgan’s Theorem for 2 input Variable.
• To simplify the given Boolean function by using K-map and implement it with logic Diagram.
• ABCD to 7 Segment Decoder
• Study of 4-bit BCD adder.
• Study of Asynchronous & Synchronous R-S Flip-Flop.
• Study of J-K Flip-Flop.
• Study of 4-bit binary Ripple Counter.
Pre-requisite: EEE 222 Electronic Circuit Simulation Lab
Textbook: Digital Logic Design by M. Morris Mano
Reference: Switching Theory by Dr. V. K. Jain
Series Impedance of Transmission Lines: Resistance, Inductance, Inductance of a Conductor due to Internal Flux, Flux
Linkage Between two points external to an isolated conductor, Inductance of a single-phase two-wire line, Flux linkages of
one conductor in a group, Inductance of Composite-Conductor lines, Inductance of three-phase lines with equilateral
spacing, Inductance of three-phase lines with unsymmetrical spacing, Bundled Conductors.
Capacitance of Transmission Lines: Electric field of a long straight conductor, The potential difference between two
points due to a charge,, Capacitance of a two-wire line, Capacitance of a three-phase line with equilateral spacing,
Capacitance of a three-phase line with unsymmetrical spacing, Effect of earth on the capacitance of three-phase
transmission line, Bundled Conductors
Underground Cables: Construction of cables, Insulating material of cables, Classification of cables, Cables for three-phase
service, Laying of cables, Insulating resistance of a single-core cable, Capacitance of a single core cable, Dielectric stress of
single core cable, Grading of cable, Capacitance grading, Intersheath grading, Capacitance of 3-core cable, Measurement of
Ce and Cc, Current carrying capacity of cable, Thermal resistance, Permissible current loading, Types of cable fault, Loop
test for location fault, Murray Loop test, Varly Loop test
Mechanical Design of Overhead Line: Main components of overhead line, Conductor Material, Line Support, Insulators,
Types of Insulator, Potential Distribution over Suspension insulator String, String efficiency, Method of improving string
efficiency, Sag in overhead Line, Calculation of Sag, Corona
Variable Load on Power Station: Structure of Electric Power System, Variable Load on Power System, Load Curves,
Important Terms & Factors: Demand Factor, Diversity Factor, Load Factor, Capacity factor, Plant Factor, Units Generated
per annum, Load Duration Curves, Types of load
Per Unit System: Basic idea about Per- unit system, Per-unit impedances in single phase Transformer circuits,Per-unit
impedances in three phase Transformer circuits, Advantages of Per-unit computation
School of Applied Sciences & Technology 113
Representation of a electric system: Apparatus symbols, One Line Diagram, Impedance and Reactance Diagrams of short,
medium and Long lines.
Power Flow: Bus Admittance matrix, Power flow equation, Gauss Seidel Power flow solution, Line Flows and Losses,
Newton-Raphson Method
High Voltage DC Transmission System: HVDC system configuration and components, Converter Theory and
performance equations, Abnormal operation, Control of HVDC system, Response to DC and AC system faults
Pre-requisite: EEE 121Electrical Circuits I & EEE 123 Electrical Circuits II
Textbook: Communication and Control in Electric Power Systems: Applications of Parallel and Distributed by Mohammad
Shahidehpour
Reference: Transient Phenomena in Electrical Power Systems by ValentinAndreevichVenikov
This course consists of two parts. In the first part, students will perform experiments to verify practically the theories and
concepts learned in EEE-325. In the second part, students will design simple systems using the principles learned in EEE-
325.
Pre-requisite: EEE 124 Electrical Circuits Lab & EEE 126 Electrical Circuit Simulation Lab
Textbook: Communication and Control in Electric Power Systems: Applications of Parallel and Distributed by Mohammad
Shahidehpour
Reference: Transient Phenomena in Electrical Power Systems by ValentinAndreevichVenikov
Crystal structures: Types of crystals, lattice and basis, Bravais lattice and Miller indices. Classical theory of electrical and
thermal conduction: Scattering, mobility and resistivity, temperature dependence of metal resistivity, Mathiessen’s rule, Hall
effect and thermal conductivity. Introduction to quantum mechanics: Wave nature of electrons, Schrodinger’s equation, one-
dimensional quantum problems- infinite quantum well, potential step and potential barrier; Heisenbergs’s uncertainty
principle and quantum box. Band theory of solids: Band theory from molecular orbital, Bloch theorem, Kronig-Penny
model, effective mass, density-of-states. Carrier statistics: Maxwell-Boltzmann and Fermi-Dirac distributions, Fermi
energy. Modern theory of metals: Determination of Fermi energy and average energy of electrons, classical and quantum
mechanical calculation of specific heat. Dielectric properties of materials: Dielectric constant, polarization- electronics,
ionic and orientational; internal field, Clausius-Mosotti equation, spontaneous polarization, frequency dependence of
dielectric constant, dielectric loss and piezoelectricity. Magnetic properties of materials: Magnetic moment, magnetization
and relative permitivity, different types of magnetic materials, origin of ferromagnetism and magnetic domains. Introduction
to superconductivity: Zero resistance and Meissner effect, Type I and Type II superconductors and critical current density.
Pre-requisite: EEE 121 Electrical Circuits I & EEE 123 Electrical Circuits II
Textbook: Electronics Properties of Materials by Rolf E. Hummerl
Reference: Properties Of Materials: Anisotropy, Symmetry, Structure byRobert Everest Newnham
Wiring system design, Fitting and Fixture layout, Conduit layout,drafting, and estimation. Design for illumination and
lighting. Electrical installations system design: substation, BBT and protection, air-conditioning, heating and lifts. Design
for intercom, public address systems, telephone system and LAN. Design of security systems including CCTV, fire alarm,
smoke detector, burglar alarm, and sprinkler system. A design problem on a single/multi-storied building/structure.
Pre-requisite:EEE 121Electrical Circuits I& EEE 123 Electrical Circuits II
Textbook:Electronics Properties of Materials by Rolf E. Hummerl
Reference:Properties Of Materials: Anisotropy, Symmetry, Structure by Robert Everest Newnham
Overview of communication systems: Basic principles, fundamental elements, system limitations, message source,
bandwidth requirements, transmission media types, and bandwidth and transmission capacity. Noise: Source, characteristics
of various types of noise and signal to noise ratio. Information theory: Measure of information, source encoding, error free
communication over a noisy channel, channel capacity of a continuous system and channel capacity of a discrete memory
less system. Communication systems: Analog and digital. Continuous wave modulation: Transmission types – base-band
transmission, carrier transmission; amplitude modulation – introduction, double side band, single side band, vestigial side
band, quadrature; spectral analysis of each type, envelope and synchronous detection; angle modulation –instantaneous
114 Department of Electrical and Electronics Engineering
frequency, frequency modulation (FM) and phase modulation (PM), spectral analysis, demodulation of FM and PM. Pulse
modulation: Sampling – sampling theorem, Nyquist criterion, aliasing, instantaneous and natural sampling; pulse amplitude
modulation - principle, bandwidth requirements; pulse code modulation (PCM) - quantization principle, quantization noise,
non-uniform quantization, signal to quantization error ratio, differential PCM, demodulation of PCM; delta modulation
(DM) - principle, adaptive DM; line coding – formats and bandwidths. Digital modulation: Amplitude-shift keying -
principle, ON-OFF keying, bandwidth requirements, detection, noise performance; phase-shift keying (PSK) - principle,
bandwidth requirements, detection, differential PSK, quadrature PSK, noise performance; frequency-shift Keying (FSK) -
principle, continuous and discontinuous phase FSK, minimum-shift keying, bandwidth requirements, detection of FSK.
Multiplexing: Time- division multiplexing (TDM) - principle, receiver synchronization, frame synchronization, TDM of
multiple bit rate systems; frequency-division multiplexing - principle, de-multiplexing; wavelength-division multiplexing,
multiple-access network – time-division multiple-access, frequency-division multiple access; code-division multiple- access
(CDMA) - spread spectrum multiplexing, coding techniques and constraints of CDMA. Communication system design:
design parameters, channel selection criteria and performance simulation.
Pre-requisite:MAT 201KOrdinary and Partial Differential Equations and
EEE 323 Digital Electronics
Textbook: Digital Communications by John G. Proakis
Reference: Communication System by Simon Haykin
This course consists of two parts. In the first part, students will perform experiments to verify practically the theories and
concepts learned in EEE-329. In the second part, students will design simple systems using the principles learned in EEE-
329
Pre-requisite: MAT 201KOrdinary and Partial Differential Equations
EEE 324 Digital Electronics
Textbook: Communication Theory: Epistemological Foundations by James Arthur Anderson
Reference: Modern Digital and Analog Communication System by B.P. Lathi
Introduction to digital signal processing (DSP): Discrete-time signals and systems, analog to digital conversion, impulse
response, finite impulse response (FIR) and infinite impulse response (IIR) of discrete-time systems, difference equation,
convolution, transient and steady state response. Discrete transformations: Discrete Fourier series, discrete-time Fourier
series, discrete Fourier transform (DFT) and properties, fast Fourier transform (FFT), inverse fast Fourier transform, z-
transformation - properties, transfer function, poles and zeros and inverse z-transform. Correlation: circular convolution,
auto-correlation and cross correlation. Digital Filters: FIR filters- linear phase filters, specifications, design using window,
optimal and frequency sampling methods; IIR filters- specifications, design using impulse invariant, bi-linear z-
transformation, least-square methods and finite precision effects.
Pre-requisite: EEE 321Signals and Linear Systems
Textbook: Digital Signal Processing by John G. Proakis
Reference:Introduction to Digital Signal Processing by Johnny R. Johnson
This course consists of two parts. In the first part, students will perform experiments to verify practically the theories and
concepts learned in EEE 331. In the second part, students will design simple systems using the principles learned in EEE
331.
• Time Domain Characterization of LTI system.
• DFT and IDFT computation.
• Rational Z-transform and inverse of it.
• Schur-Cohn Stability test.
• IIR digital filter design.
• FIR digital filter design.
• Design of linear phase FIR filters based on windowed Fourier Series Approach.
• Application of FFT and IFFT functions.
Pre-requisite: EEE 321 Signals and Linear Systems
Textbook: Digital Signal Processing by John G. Proakis
Reference: Introduction to Digital Signal Processing by Johnny R. Johnson
School of Applied Sciences & Technology 115
Introduction to microprocessors. Intel 8086 microprocessor: Architecture, addressing modes, instruction sets, assembly
language programming, system design and interrupt. Interfacing: programmable peripheral interface, programmable timer,
serial communication interface, programmable interrupt controller, direct memory access, keyboard and display interface.
Introduction to micro-controllers.
Pre-requisite: EEE 323Digital Electronics
Textbook: Microprocessor & Microprocessor Based System Design by Dr. M. Rafiquzzaman
Reference: Microprocessor Architecture, Programming & Applications by R.S. Gaonker
This course consists of two parts. In the first part, students will perform experiments to verify practically the theories and
concepts learned in EEE 333. In the second part, students will design simple systems using the principles learned in EEE
333.
Pre-requisite: EEE 324Digital Electronics Lab
Textbook: Microprocessor & Microprocessor Based System Design by Dr. M. Rafiquzzaman
Reference: Microprocessor Architecture, Programming & Applications by R.S. Gaonker
Introduction to control systems, Modeling in time domain, Linear system models: transfer function, block diagram and
signal flow graph (SFG). State variables: SFG to state variables, transfer function to state variable and state variable to
transfer function, Modeling in frequency domain. Feedback control system: Closed loop systems, parameter sensitivity,
transient characteristics of control systems, effect of additional pole and zero on the system response and system types,
stability and steady state error. Routh stability criterion. Analysis of feedback control system: Root locus method and
frequency response method, Design via root locus, design via frequency response.
Pre-requisite: EEE 323Digital Electronics
Textbook:Control Systems Engineering by Norman S. Nise
Reference:Modern Control Engineering (4th Edition) by Katsuhiko Ogata
This course consists of two parts. In the first part, students will perform experiments to verify practically the theories and
concepts learned in EEE-335. In the second part, students will design simple systems using the principles learned in EEE-
335.
Pre-requisite: EEE 324Digital Electronics Lab
Textbook:MATLAB 6.1 Supplement to accompany Control Systems Engineering by Norman S. Nise
Control of power flow: Prime mover and excitation control of generators, Switching of shunt capacitor banks, shunt
reactors, and static varSystems, Control of tap-changing and regulating transformers
Fault Analysis: Basic idea about Symmetrical and unsymmetrical faults, Synchronous machine transient analysis, Transient
phenomena, simplified model for Synchronous machine transient analysis, DC component of stator current, AC component
of stator current, RMS value of current in sub-transient, transient and steady state, short circuit current and reactance of
synchronous machine, Internal voltages of loaded machine under transient conditions, Short Circuit Capacity (SCC).
Symmetrical Components: Positive, negative and zero sequence components, Three-phase complex power in terms of
symmetrical components, Sequence impedance, Determination of sequence impedance matrix, Drawing positive, negative
and zero sequence networks.
Unsymmetrical Faults: Single Line to Ground fault (L-G), Line to Line fault (L-L), Line to Line to Ground fault (L-L-G),
Line to Ground Fault(L-G) through and impedance at the terminal of an unloaded generator, Line to Line(L-L) fault through
and impedance at the terminal of an unloaded generator, Double Line to ground (L-L-G) fault through an impedance at the
terminal of an unloaded generator.
Stability: Swing equation, Synchronous machine models for stability studies, Steady –State Stability, Transient- Stability-
Equal area criterion, Application to sudden increase in power input, Application to three-phase fault, Numerical solution of
Swing equation, Multi machine system, Multi machine transient stability
116 Department of Electrical and Electronics Engineering
Protection: Switch gear, Essential features of Switch gear, Switch gear equipment, Bus bar arrangements.
Relays: Fundamental requirement of protective relays, Basic relays, Electromagnetic attraction relays, Induction relays,
Distance or Impedance Relays, Differential Relays, Types of Protection.
Circuit Breakers: Operating Principle, Arc Phenomenon, Principles of Arc Extinction, Method of Arc Extinction,
Classification of Circuit Breakers.
Compensation in Power System:. load compensation, line compensation, series compensation, shunt compensators,
flextble ac transmtsston systems (facts), facts controllers
Pre-requisite: EEE 325 Power System I
Textbook: Communication and Control in Electric Power Systems: Applications of Parallel and Distributed by Mohammad
Shahidehpour
Reference: Economic Operation of Power Systems byLeon Kenneth Kirchmayer
Semiconductors in equilibrium: Energy bands, intrinsic and extrinsic semiconductors, Fermi levels, electron and hole
concentrations, temperature dependence of carrier concentrations and invariance of Fermi level. Carrier transport processes
and excess carriers: Drift and diffusion, generation and recombination of excess carriers, built-in-field, Einstein relations,
continuity and diffusion equations for holes and electrons and quasi-Fermi level. PN junction: Basic structure, equilibrium
conditions, contact potential, equilibrium Fermi level, space charge, non-equilibrium condition, forward and reverse bias,
carrier injection, minority and majority carrier currents, transient and AC conditions, time variation of stored charge,
reverse recovery transient and capacitance. Bipolar Junction Transistor: Basic principle of pnp and npn transistors, emitter
efficiency, base transport factor and current gain, diffusion equation in the base, terminal currents, coupled-diode model
and charge control analysis, Ebers-Moll equations and circuit synthesis. Metal-semiconductor junction: Energy band
diagram of metal semiconductor junctions, rectifying and ohmic contacts. MOS structure: MOS capacitor, energy band
diagrams and flat band voltage, threshold voltage and control of threshold voltage, static C-V characteristics, qualitative
theory of MOSFET operation, body effect and current-voltage relationship of a MOSFET. Junction Field-Effect-Transistor:
Introduction, qualitative theory of operation, pinch-off voltage and current-voltage relationship.
Pre-requisite: EEE 221 EEE 221 Electronics I
Textbook: SolidState Electronics Devices (6th Edition) by Ben Streetman and Sanjay Banerjee
Reference: Modular Series on SolidState Devices by Robert F. Pierret, GeroldNeudeck
Introductory Concept: I/O interface, memory interface, interfacing components and their characteristics.
Interfacing components: 8284A Programmable timer, Bus architecture, Bus Timing, Bus Controller, analog and digital
interface.
Interrupt: Interrupt sources, types of interrupt, 8259A priority interrupt controller, Daisy chain
Serial Interface: Characteristics of memory and I/O interface, Synchronous and asynchronous communication, Serial I/O
interface, 8251A communication interface, RS-232 interface
School of Applied Sciences & Technology 117
Parallel Interface: 8155A Programmable peripheral Interface, Parallel adapter, parallel port
I/O Controller: 8237A DMA Controller, Floppy and Hard disk Controller
Peripheral Components: Barcode Reader, Sound card, Stepper motor and opto-isolation, MIDI interface, power circuits.
IndustrialAutomation:
Part A: General concepts of the industrial production. Concepts of production systems and productionprocesses. Automation
production systems and their classification. Production equipment. Process andmanufacturing productions automation.
Flexibility of the manufacturing systems: general elements. Principalperformance indexes.
Part B: Modeling and control of Discrete Events Systems (DES). Discrete Events Systems (DES) conceptsreview; their use
in modeling productive processes. Importance of DES for engineers and relevant features ofcontrol of such systems.
Preliminary elements on the Petri Nets as DES modeling formalisms. Fundamentalproperties of the Petri nets. Place and
Transition-invariant. Modeling of typical elements of the manufacturingsystems. Examples of production systems models.
Analysis of cyclic production systems. SupervisoryControl of DES using Petri Nets. Elements of SFC language.
Pre-requisite: EEE 333 Microprocessor & Interfacing&EEE 335Control System I
Textbook:Microprocessor and Interface by Douglas V. Halland
Process Control Instrumentation Technology by C. D. Johnson
Reference:Microprocessor and Interfacing by Mohamed Rafiquzzaman
This course consists of two parts. In the first part, students will perform experiments to verify practically the theories and
concepts learned in EEE-423. In the second part, students will design simple systems using the principles learned in EEE-
423.
Some of the experiments are:
• Registers, JMP, LOOP, CMP instructions, and Conditional jump instruction.
• Implementation of different types of instructions (rotating, shifting etc)
• Instructions (MUL, IMUL, DIV, IDIV, CBW, CWD, arrays, XLAT).
• String instructions, macro handling.
• Bios Interrupt, Dos Interrupt
• The IN, OUT, INS and OUTS instructions,
• Computer Interfacing
• Details about parallel port ( pin description, port address and commands)
• LED interface through parallel port.
• Interfacing 7-segment Display
• High power load interface
• Stepping motor interface and to control it both in clockwise and anti-clockwise direction
• Inputting data through parallel port
• Serial port programming
• Interfacing a robot manipulator arm and writing a program to control it
• Parallel port programming using Visual Basic
• Voice Interface
List of the Project:
• Traffic Control system
• Interfacing a joystick using parallel port
• 3-DOF robot manipulator arm control
• Room Automation
• Electronics voting machine
• Interfacing a 2x8 character LCD display
To perform also other experiments relevant to this course
Pre-requisite: EEE 334 Microprocessor & Interfacing Lab&EEE 336Control System I Lab
Textbook:Microprocessor and Microcomputer Based System Design by Microprocessor Data handbook
Reference:Microprocessor and Interface by Douglas V. Hall
Options
POWER OPTIONS
EEE 439 ELECTRICAL MACHINES III
3 hours/Week, 3 Credits
Special machines: series universal motor, permanent magnet DC motor, unipolar and bipolar brush less DC motors,
stepper motor and control circuits. Reluctance and hysteresis motors with drive circuits, switched reluctance motor,
electro static motor, repulsion motor, synchros and control transformers. Permanent magnet synchronous motors. Acyclic
machines: Generators, conduction pump and induction pump. Magneto hydrodynamic generators. Fuel Cells,
thermoelectric generators, flywheels. Vector control, linear motors and traction. Photovoltaic systems: stand alone and
grid interfaced. Wind turbine generators: induction generator, AC-DC-AC conversion.
Pre-requisite: EEE 225 Electrical Machines II
Textbook:Energy conversion by Kenneth C. Weston
Reference:Energy conversion: systems, flow physics and engineering by Professor Reiner decher
Power semiconductor switches and triggering devices: BJT, MOSFET, SCR, IGBT, GTO, TRIAC, UJT and DIAC.
Rectifiers: Uncontrolled and controlled single phase and three phase. Regulated power supplies: Linear-series and shunt,
switching buck, buckboost, boost and Cuk regulators. AC voltage controllers: single and three phase. Choppers. DC motor
control. Single phase cycloconverter. Inverters: Single phase and three phase voltage and current source. AC motor
control. Stepper motor control. Resonance inverters. Pulse width modulation control of static converters.
Lab work:
This course consists of two parts. In the first part, students will perform experiments to verify practically the theories and
concepts learned in EEE-441. In the second part, students will design simple systems using the principles learned in EEE-
441.
Pre-requisite: EEE 227 Electronics II , EEE 325 Power System I and their Labs
Textbook:An Introduction to Power Electronics by Bird, B. M., K. G. King, and D. A. G. Ped der
Reference:Power electronics systems: theory and design by Agrawal, Jai P.
Power plants: general layout and principles, steam turbine, gas turbine, combined cycle gas turbine, hydro and nuclear.
Power plant instrumentation. Selection of location: Technical, economical and environmental factors. Load forecasting.
Generation scheduling: deterministic and probabilistic. Electricity tariff: formulation and types.
Pre-requisite: EEE 337 Power System II
Textbook:Power Plant Engineering by Larry Drbal, Kayla Westra, Pat Boston
Reference:Power Generation Handbook : Selection, App by Philip Kiameh
Purpose of power system protection. Criteria for detecting faults: over current, differential current, difference of phase
angles, over and under voltages, power direction, symmetrical components of current and voltages, impedance, frequency
and temperature. Instrument transformers: CT and PT. Electromechanical, electronics and digital Relays: basic modules,
over current, differential, distance and directional. Trip circuits. Unit protection schemes: Generator, transformer, motor,
bus bar, transmission and distribution lines. Miniature circuit breakers and fuses. Circuit breakers: Principle of arc
extinction, selection criteria and ratings of circuit breakers, types - air, oil, SF6 and vacuum.
Lab work:
This course consists of two parts. In the first part, students will perform experiments to verify practically the theories and
concepts learned in EEE-445. In the second part, students will design simple systems using the principles learned in
EEE-445.
Pre-requisite: EEE 337 Power System II
Textbook:Power System Protection by Paul M. Anderson
Reference:Practical Power System Protection by Leslie Hewitson
School of Applied Sciences & Technology 119
High voltage DC: Rectifier circuits, voltage multipliers, Van-de-Graaf and electrostatic generators. High voltage AC:
Cascaded transformers and Tesla coils. Impulse voltage: Shapes, mathematical analysis, codes and standards, single and
multi-stage impulse generators, tripping and control of impulse generators. Breakdown in gas, liquid and solid dielectric
materials. Corona. High voltage measurements and testing. Over-voltage phenomenon and insulation coordination.
Lightning and switching surges, basic insulation level, surge diverters and arresters.
Lab work:
This course consists of two parts. In the first part, students will perform experiments to verify practically the theories and
concepts learned in EEE-447 In the second part, students will design simple systems using the principles learned in EEE-
445.
Pre-requisite: EEE 337 Power System II
Textbook: High Voltage Engineering by M.S. Naidu
Reference: Dielectric Phenomena In High Voltage Engineering by F. W. Peek
Review of probability concepts. Probability distribution: Binomial, Poisson, and Normal. Reliability concepts: Failure
rate, outage, mean time to failure, series and parallel systems and redundancy. Markov process. Probabilistic generation
and load models. Reliability indices: Loss of load probability and loss of energy probability. Frequency and duration.
Reliability evaluation techniques of single area system.
Pre-requisite: EEE 337 Power System II
Textbook:Power System Reliability Evaluation by R. Billinton
Reference:Reliability Assessment of Electrical Power Systems Using Monte Carlo Methods by Billinton
Principles of power system operation: SCADA, conventional and competitive environment. Unit commitment, static
security analysis, state estimation, optimal power flow, automatic generation control and dynamic security analysis.
Pre-requisite: EEE 337 Power System II and EEE 335 Control System I
Textbook:Power System Operation by Robert H. Miller, James H. Malinowsk
Reference:Electric Utility Systems and Practices by Homer M. Rustebakke
ELECTRONICS OPTIONS
EEE 453 PROCESSING AND FABRICATION TECHNOLOGY
3 hours/Week, 3 Credits
Substrate materials: Crystal growth and wafer preparation, epitaxial growth technique, molecular beam epitaxy, chemical
vapor phase epitaxy and chemical vapor deposition (CVD). Doping techniques: Diffusion and ion implantation. Growth
and deposition of dielectric layers: Thermal oxidation, CVD, plasma CVD, sputtering and silicon-nitride growth. Etching:
Wet chemical etching, silicon and GaAs etching, anisotropic etching, selective etching, dry physical etching, ion beam
etching, sputtering etching and reactive ion etching. Cleaning: Surface cleaning, organic cleaning and RCA cleaning.
Lithography: Photo-reactive materials, pattern generation, pattern transfer and metalization. Discrete device fabrication:
Diode, transistor, resistor and capacitor. Integrated circuit fabrication: Isolation - pn junction isolation, mesa isolation and
oxide isolation. BJT based microcircuits, p-channel and n-channel MOSFETs, complimentary MOSFETs and silicon on
insulator devices. Testing, bonding and packaging.
Pre-requisite: EEE 227 Electronics II
Textbook: Semiconductor Technology: Processing and Novel Fabrication Techniques
by Michael E. Levinshtein, Michael S. Shur
An atomistic view of electrical resistance : Energy level diagram ,What makes electrons flow? ,The quantum of
conductance , Potential profile , Coulomb blockade and single electron transistors, Atomistic Resistance to Ohm’s law
,Schro¨ dinger equation: Hydrogen atom energy lavel, Finite and infinite potential wells, Numerical solution of
120 Department of Electrical and Electronics Engineering
Schrodinger equation :Method of finite differencesTight binding Model of Electron in solid and Basis functions :Basis
functions for n computing wave function and energy level , Equilibrium density matrix, Bandstructure calculation of
solid, Common semiconductors band structure , Effect of spin–orbit coupling ,Subbands of electron in nanoscale in:
Energy level in Quantum wells, wires, dots, and nanotubes, Density of states in Quantum wells, wires, dots, and
nanotubes,Minimum resistance of a wireCapacitance nanoscale: Model Hamiltonian Electron density/density matrix:
Schrodinger and poison Solver, Quantum vs. electrostatic capacitance , multi-band effective mass Hamiltonian ,Level
broadening and non equilibrium Green Function formalism:Open systems , Local density of states , Lifetime of a electron
in an energy level, What constitutes a contact (reservoir) .Coherent transport : Overview, Density matrix, Inflow/outflow ,
Transmission , Examples ,Non-coherent transport :Why does an atom emit light? , Examples , Inflow and outflow, Heat
quanta: phonons ,Thermoelectricity in Nanoscale: Second Law of thermodynamics for electron, Entropy ,Law of
Equilibrium, Inelastic Transport.Spin of Electron: Introduction to spintronics devices ,Spin Matricies , Spin-Orbit
Interaction , Hamiltonian Including Spin, Spin Density, Spin Current,Spin Torque .Exchange Interaction: Correlations and
Entanglement, Singlet/Triplet States,Correlated Transport, Exchange Interaction
Textbook: Quantum Transport: atom to transistor by SupriyoDatta
Reference:1. Quantum Wells, Wires and Dots: Theoretical and Computational Physics of Semiconductor Nanostructures
by Paul Harrison
2. The physics of Quantum Mechanics by Jemes Benny and David Skinner
VLSI technology: Top down design approach, technology trends and design styles. Review of MOS transistor theory:
Threshold voltage, body effect, I-V equations and characteristics, latch-up problems, NMOS inverter, CMOS inverter,
pass-transistor and transmission gates. CMOS circuit characteristics and performance estimation: Resistance, capacitance,
rise and fall times, delay, gate transistor sizing and power consumption. CMOS circuit and logic design: Layout design
rules and physical design of simple logic gates. CMOS subsystem design: Adders, multiplier and memory system,
arithmetic logic unit. Programmable logic arrays. I/O systems. VLSI testing.
Lab work:
This course consists of two parts. In the first part, students will perform experiments to verify practically the theories and
concepts learned in EEE-455. In the second part, students will design simple systems using the principles learned in EEE-
455
Pre-requisite: EEE 323 Digital Electronics and EEE 324 Digital Electronics Lab
Textbook:CMOS Circuit design, Layout and Simulation, Modern VLSI Design : Systems on Silicon
by R.Jacob Baker, Harry W .Li, David E.Boyce
Reference:Design of VLSI Systems : A practical Introduction, by Linda E.M. Brackendury
The internal structure and operation of microcontrollers will be studied. The design methodology for softwareand hardware
applications will be developed through the labs and design projects The objective of this course is to teach students design
and interfacing of microcontroller-based embeddedsystems. High-level languages are used to interface the
microcontrollers to various applications. There areextensive hands-on labs/projects. Embedded system for sensor
applications will be introduced. GUI using C#
Lab work:
(1) PIC microcontrollers: introduction and features, (2) CCS C Compiler and PIC18F Development System, (3) PIC
Architecture & Programming, (4) PIC I/O Port Programming, (5) PIC Programming in C
(6) PIC18 Hardware Connection and ROM loaders, (7) PIC18 Timers Programming, (8) PIC18 Serial Port Programming,
(9) Interrupt Programming, (10) LCD and Keypad Interface, (11) External EEPROM and I2C, (12) USB and HID Class,
(13) ADC and DAC, (14) Sensor and other Applications, (15) CCP and ECCP Programming, (16) Capture Mode
Programming and Pulse Width Measurement, (17) C# RS232 Interface Programming, (18) C# GUI Plot Program, (19)
Digital Oscilloscope, spectral Analyzer, and multi-meter, (20) Impact of engineering solutions in a global, economic,
environmental, and societal context, (21) Knowledge of contemporary issues, (22) Final Project
Pre-requisite: EEE 323 Digital Electronics and EEE 324 Digital Electronics Lab
Textbook:The PIC Microcontroller and Embedded systems – Using Assembly and C for PIC18
by Muhammad Ali Mazidi, Rolin D. McKinlay, and Danny Causey
Reference:Embedded System Design with the Atmel Avr Microcontroller By Steven Barrett
School of Applied Sciences & Technology 121
Compound semiconductor: Zinc-blend crystal structures, growth techniques, alloys, band gap, density of carriers in
intrinsic and doped compound semiconductors. Hetero-Junctions: Band alignment, band offset, Anderson’s rule, single
and double sided hetero-junctions, quantum wells and quantization effects, lattice mismatch and strain and common
hetero-structure material systems. Hetero-Junction diode: Band banding, carrier transport and I-V characteristics. Hetero-
junction field effect transistor: Structure and principle, band structure, carrier transport and I-V characteristics. Hetero-
structure bipolar transistor (HBT): Structure and operating principle, quasi-static analysis, extended Gummel-Poon model,
Ebers-Moll model, secondary effects and band diagram of a graded alloy base HBT.
Pre-requisite: EEE 421 Solid State Devices
Textbook:Compound semiconductor electronics: the age of maturity, by M shur
Reference:Sigeheterojunction bipolar transistors by Peter ashburn
VLSI MOS system design: Layout extraction and verification, full and semi-full custom design styles and logical and
physical positioning. Design entry tools: Schematic capture and HDL. Logic and switch level simulation. Static timing.
Concepts and tools of analysis, solution techniques for floor planning, placement, global routing and detailed routing.
Application specific integrated circuit design including FPGA.
Lab work:
This course consists of two parts. In the first part, students will perform experiments to verify practically the theories and
concepts learned in EEE-461. In the second part, students will design simple systems using the principles learned in EEE-
461
Pre-requisite: EEE 455 VLSI I and EEE 456 VLSI I Lab
Textbook:Digital Integrated Circuits by Jan M. Rabaey
Reference:Silicon VLSI Technology: Fundamentals, Practice and Modeling
by James D. Plummer, Michael D. Deal and Peter B. Griffin
The goal of the course is to introduce digital design techniques using field programmable gate arrays (FPGAs). We will
discuss FPGA architecture, digitaldesign flow using FPGAs, and other technologies associated with fieldprogrammable
gate arrays. The course study will involve extensive lab projects
to give students hands-on experience on designing digital systems on FPGA
platforms.
Topics include:
1. Introduction to ASICs and FPGAs, 2. Fundamentals in digital IC design, 3. FPGA & CPLD Architectures, 4. FPGA
Programming Technologies, 5. FPGA Logic Cell Structures, 6. FPGA Programmable Interconnect and I/O Ports, 7. FPGA
Implementation of Combinational Circuits, 8. FPGA Sequential Circuits, 9. Timing Issues in FPGA Synchronous Circuits,
10. Introduction to Verilog HDL and FPGA Design flow with using Verilog HDL, 11. FPGA Arithmetic Circuits, 12.
FPGAs in DSP Applications, 13. FPGA Implementation of Direct Digital Frequency Synthesizer, 14. FPGA
Microprocessor design, 15. Design Case Study: Design of SDRAM Controller, 16. Design Case Study: Design of Halftone
Pixel Converter, 17. FPGA High-level Design Techniques, 18. Programming FPGAs in Electronic Systems, 19.
Dynamically Reconfigurable Systems, 20. Latest Trends in Programmable ASIC and System Design.
Lab work:
1. Implement an encoding circuit with using user constraint file
2. Implement an 8-bit signed multiplier with using user constraint file. Study how user
constraint files can be used to improve circuit performance
3. Design and implement an multiplier and accumulator (MAC) unit using distributed
arithmetic circuits
4. Project: Implementing a fixed-point 2nd-order low-pass filter
Pre-requisite: EEE 457 Microcontroller System Design, EEE 458 Microcontroller System Design Lab
Textbook:FPGA-Based System Design by Wayne Wolf
Reference:Advanced FPGA Design by Steve Kilts
Optical properties in semiconductor: Direct and indirect band-gap materials, radiative and non-radiative recombination,
optical absorption, photo-generated excess carriers, minority carrier life time, luminescence and quantum efficiency in
radiation. Properties of light: Particle and wave nature of light, polarization, interference, diffraction and blackbody
radiation. Light emitting diode (LED): Principles, materials for visible and infrared LED, internal and external efficiency,
loss mechanism, structure and coupling to optical fibers. Stimulated emission and light amplification: Spontaneous and
stimulated emission, Einstein relations, population inversion, absorption of radiation, optical feedback and threshold
conditions. Semiconductor Lasers: Population inversion in degenerate semiconductors, laser cavity, operating
wavelength, threshold current density, power output, hetero-junction lasers, optical and electrical confinement.
Introduction to quantum well lasers. Photo-detectors: Photoconductors, junction photo-detectors, PIN detectors, avalanche
photodiodes and phototransistors. Solar cells: Solar energy and spectrum, silicon and Schottkey solar cells. Modulation of
light: Phase and amplitude modulation, electro-optic effect, acousto-optic effect and magneto-optic devices. Introduction
to integrated optics.
Pre-requisite: EEE 227 Electronics II
Textbook:Electrochromism and Electrochromic Devices
by Paul Monk, R. J. Mortimer, D. R. Rosseinsky
Reference:Optical System Design by Robert Fischer, Paul R. Yoder, BiljanaTadic-Galeb
Introduction:Light Interaction with Matter, Disperision in Materials, Optical Properties of Bulk and NanoLight
Interaction with Small Structures
Review of Nonlinear of optics:Nonlinear optical effect and nonlinear polarization,
Second order effect: Principle of Higher-Harmonic Generation , Second-Order Polarizabilityχ(2) , Conditions to Generate
Second Harmonics , Optical Parametric Amplification and Oscillation
Third-Order Optical Response: Four-Wave Mixing – CARS , Phase-Conjugated Waves, Optical Bistability,Excitonic
Optical Nonlinearity
Two-Photon Absorption Spectrum , Two-Photon Resonant Second-Harmonic Generation , SHG Spectra in Hexagonal
ManganitesRMnO3 , Ferroelectric and Magnetic Domains, SHG from the Corundum Structure Cr 2O3
Quantum optics:
Quantum-Mechanical Theory of the Nonlinear Optical Susceptibility : Introduction, Schrödinger Calculation of Nonlinear
Optical Susceptibility , Density Matrix Formulation of Quantum Mechanics, Perturbation Solution of the Density Matrix
Equation of Motion, Density Matrix Calculation of the Linear Susceptibility , Density Matrix Calculation of the Second-
OrderSusceptibilityMolecular Origin of the Nonlinear Optical Response: Nonlinear Susceptibilities Calculated Using
Time-Independent Perturbation Theory, Semiempirical Models of the Nonlinear, Optical Susceptibility.
Model of Boling, Glass, and Owyoung , Nonlinear Optical Properties of Conjugated Polymers , Bond-Charge Model of
Nonlinear Optical Properties , Nonlinear Optics of Chiral Media , Nonlinear Optics of Liquid Crystals,Quantization of
EM field , Quantum state of EM field , Quantum Picture of Parametric down conversion
Photonic crystal: An Introduction, Properties of Photonic Crystals, Photonic Crystal Fibers, Silicon Nanophotonics - A
current status, Graphene Photonics, Diamond Photonics
Metal Optics :An Introduction, Surface Plasmon Excitation, The Exciting Science of Light with Metamaterials ,
PlasmonicPhotovoltaics, New Plasmonic Materials , GraphenePlasmonics
Text: 1. Lasers and Nonlinear Optics, B B Loud, New Age Internatioanl Limited Publishers.
2.Nonlinear Optics by Robert W. Boyd.
3. Optical Metamaterials : Fundamental and Application By WenshanCai and VladimirShalaev
4. Introduction to NanophotonicsBySergey V. Gaponenko
Lattice vibration: Simple harmonic model, dispersion relation, acoustic and optical phonons. Band structure: Isotropic and
anisotropic crystals, band diagrams and effective masses of different semiconductors and alloys. Scattering theory:
Review of classical theory, Fermi-Golden rule, scattering rates of different processes, scattering mechanisms in different
semiconductors, mobility. Different carrier transport models: Drift-diffusion theory, ambipolar transport, hydrodynamic
model, Boltzman transport equations, quantum mechanical model, simple applications.
Pre-requisite: EEE 421 Solid State Devices
Textbook:Power Semiconductor Devices: Theory and Applications
by Vítezslav Benda, Duncan A. Grant, John Gowar.
Reference:Physics of Semiconductor Devices by Simon M. Sze
School of Applied Sciences & Technology 123
Introduction and Background: A Preview of Quantum Physics , Schrdinger-s equation, Continuous quantum states ,
superposition principle, Measurement in an arbitrary basis , Uncertainty principle, Hermitian matrices ,Observables,
Expectation value and variance, Quantum Physics and Computation
Linear algebra and Dirac Notation:The Dirac Notation and Hilbert Spaces ,Dual Vectors , Operators , The Spectral
Theorem , Functions of Operators , Tensor Products
Qubits and the framework of Quantum Mechanics The State of a Quantum System , Time dependent Schrodinger
equations , Time-Evolution of a Closed System , Evolution of a qubit, Composite Systems , Entanglement, EPR Paradox,
Properties of Bell states, Bells experiment Measurement , Mixed States and General Quantum Operations , Unitary
transforms
Quantum Model of ComputationThe Quantum Circuit Model , Quantum Gates Single qbit Gate,No cloning theorem ,
Quantum not gate, CNOT gate and circuits ,Hadamard gates , S, T, X,Y, Z gates, Efficiency of Approximating Unitary
Transformations , Implementing Measurements with Quantum Circuits
Supperdense coding and Quantum Teleportation:Superdense Coding , Quantum Teleportation , An Application of
Quantum Teleportation
Introductory Quantum Algorithm: Probabilistic Versus Quantum Algorithms, Phase Kick-Back , The Deutsch
Algorithm ,The Deutsch–Jozsa Algorithm, Simon’s Algorithm
Quantum cryptography: Introduction ,Quantum Key Distribution ,The BB84 Protocol, The BB84 Protocol Using
Polarized Light
Quantum error correction : Introduction of quantum error correction ,The physics of error generation , Diagnosing
error syndromes,The 5-Qbit error-correcting code , A 5-Qbit encoding circuit
Physical realization of Quantum Computing System:Neculear Magnetic Resonance ,Trapped Ions : Trapped ions in
potential wells,Trapped neutral atoms with electric dipole moments, optically controlled trapped Ions, Optical:Photons
interacting with single atom or ion in a resonant cavity, Photons, either freely moving or bouncing between two resonant
cavities ,Solid State :Quantum Dots containing a trapped electron, Quantum dot which can contain exciton,
Superconducting: Superconducting circuit at mili Kelvin temperature (SQUID)Realization of quantum gate using mach –
Zehnder interferometer
Text Book: 1.An Introduction to Quantum Computing by Phillip Kaye, Raymond Laflamme Michele Mosca
2.Mathematics of Quantum Computation and Quantum Technology Edited by Goong Chen Louis Kauffman , Samuel J.
Lomonaco
COMMUNICATION OPTIONS
EEE 473 DIGITAL SIGNAL PROCESSING II
3 hours/Week, 3 Credits
Spectral estimation: Nonparametric methods – discrete random processes, autocorrelation sequence, periodogram;
parametric method–autoregressive modeling, forward/backward linear prediction, Levinson-Durbin algorithm, minimum
variance method and Eigen-structure method I and II. Adaptive signal processing: Application, equalization, interference
suppression, noise cancellation, FIR filters, minimum mean-square error criterion, least mean-square algorithm and
recursive least square algorithm. Multi-rate DSP: Interpolation and decimation, poly-phase representation and multistage
implementation. Perfect reconstruction filter banks: Power symmetric, alias-free multi-channel and tree structured filter
banks. Wavelets: Short time Fourier transform, wavelet transform, discrete time orthogonal wavelets and continuous time
wavelet basis.
Pre-requisite: EEE 331 Digital Signal Processing I
Textbook:Digital Signal Processing by John G. Proakis
Reference:Digital Signal Processing by Alan V. Oppenheim and R. W. Schafer
Electromagnetic Engineering Antenna Theory and Practice Analytical and Computational Techniques in
Electromagnetics, RF and Microwave Circuits and Antenna . RF and Microwave Integrated Circuits. Tuned small-signal
amplifiers, mixers and active filters, oscillators; receivers; amplitude modulation; single side-band modulation; angle
modulation; digital communications; transmission lines and cables; radio wave propagation; antennae.Spectral analysis;
phase locked loops; noise; antennae; cellular radio; meteor burst communications; spread spectrum techniques.
Transmission lines: Voltage and current in ideal transmission lines, reflection, transmission, standing wave, impedance
transformation, Smith chart, impedance matching and lossy transmission lines. Waveguides: general formulation, modes
of propagation and losses in parallel plate, rectangular and circular waveguides. Microstrips: Structures and
124 Department of Electrical and Electronics Engineering
characteristics. Rectangular resonant cavities: Energy storage, losses and Q. Radiation: Small current element, radiation
resistance, radiation pattern and properties, Hertzian and half wave dipoles. Antennas: Mono pole, horn, rhombic and
parabolic reflector, array, and Yagi-Uda antenna.
Lab work:
This course consists of two parts. In the first part, students will perform experiments to verify practically the theories and
concepts learned in EEE-475. In the second part, students will design simple systems using the principles learned in EEE-
475.
Pre-requisite: EEE 321 Signals and Linear Systems
Textbook:Microwave devices and Circuits by Samuel Y. Lias
Reference: Microwave Engineering by P.A. Rizzi
Optical fiber as wave-guides: Ray theory, Modes, SMF, MMF, Step Index and graded Index Fiber, Transmission
Characteristic: Attenuation, Dispersion, Polarization, Fabrication: Liquid phase, Vapor phase, Fiber Cables, Connectors
and Couplers: Alignment and joint loss, Splices, GRIN rod lens, Connectors, Couplers, Optical Source: LASER,
semiconductor injection LASER, LASER characteristic, modulation Optical Detectors: Photodiode construction,
characteristic, P-N, P-I-N, APD, Direct Detection: Noise, Eye diagram, Receiver design, Fiber Amplifier: Construction,
characteristic, use, Digital Transmission System: Point to point link, power budget, Noise, Advanced Systems and
Techniques: WDM, Photonic switching, All optical network.
Lab work:
1. Study of Optical Fibers, 2. Multimode behavior of an optical fiber, 3. Measurement of Bend Loss, 4. Study of an optical
attenuator, 5. L-I curve of a LASER, 6. Construction of a power meter, 7. Fiber optic data communication, 8. BER plot of
fiber optic system, 9. Project on fiber optic system.
Pre-requisite: EEE 329 Basic Communication Engineering,
EEE 330 Basic Communication Engineering Lab
Textbook:Optical Fiber Communication by John M. Senior
Reference:Fiber Optic Communication Technique by D.K Mynbaev
Introduction: Principle, evolution, networks, exchange and international regulatory bodies. Telephone apparatus:
Microphone, speakers, ringer, pulse and tone dialing mechanism, side-tone mechanism, local and central batteries and
advanced features. Switching system: Introduction to analog system, digital switching systems – space division switching,
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blocking probability and multistage switching, time division switching and two dimensional switching. Traffic analysis:
Traffic characterization, grades of service, network blocking probabilities, delay system and queuing. Modern telephone
services and network: Internet telephony, facsimile, integrated services digital network, asynchronous transfer mode and
intelligent networks. Introduction to cellular telephony and satellite communication.
Pre-requisite: EEE 329 Basic Communication Engineering,
EEE 330 Basic Communication Engineering Lab
Textbook:Telecommunications by Warren Hioki
Reference:Reference manual for telecom engineering 2d e by Freemann
Cellular & Mobile Communication: Introduction to code divisions Multiple Access (CDMA), Basic concepts, Spread
spectrum, DS (Direct sequence) spread spectrum, Reverse link DSCDMA, forward link DS-CDMA, Cellular systems,
GSM, AMPS, Cellular digital packet data. CDMA Air links: Pilot channel, Synchronous channel, Paging channel, Traffic
channel, Free space propagation, Propagation model, Multi path propagation, Propagation environment, Marine
environment.
Historical developments of Mobile Telephony, Trunking efficiency, Propagation criteria, mobile ratio environment,
Elements of cellular radio system design, Specifications, Channel capacity, Cell coverage for signal and traffic, Mobile
propagation models and fading models, Interference effects, Power control, Mobile switching and traffic, Mobile switching
system and its subsystems, Mobile communication protocols.
Satellite Communication: Introduction, Types of Satellites, Orbits, Station keeping, Satellite altitude, Transmission path,
Path losses, Noise considerations, Satellite systems, Saturation flux density, Effective isotropic radiated power, Multiple
access methods..
Pre-requisite: EEE 483 Telecommunication Engineering
Textbook:Cellular Mobile Systems Engineering by SalehFaruque and
Wireless Communication by Theoder S. Rappaport
Reference:Cellular mobile communication by William Schneder
INTERDISCIPLINERY OPTIONS
EEE 487 CONTROL SYSTEM II
EEE 488 CONTROL SYSTEM II LAB
3 hours/Week, 3 Credits theory and 3 hours/Week, 1.5 Credits Lab
Compensation using pole placement technique. State equations of digital systems with sample and hold, state equation of
digital systems, digital simulation and approximation. Solution of discrete state equations: by z-transform, state equation
and transfer function, state diagrams, state plane analysis. Stability of digital control systems. Digital simulation and digital
redesign. Time domain analysis. Frequency domain analysis. Controllability and observability. Optimal linear digital
regulator design. Digital state observer. Microprocessor control. Introduction to neural network and fuzzy control, adaptive
control. HµControl, nonlinear control.
Lab work: Description
The goal of the course is to provide students with laboratory experience to test the principles, design, and applications of
advanced control system .They will also do projects based on the theory covered in EEE487.
Pre-requisite: EEE 335 Control System I and EEE 336 Control System I Lab
Textbook:Control Systems Engineering by Norman S. Nise
Reference:Modern Control Engineering (4th Edition) by Katsuhiko Ogata
Modern society relies on stable, readily available energy supplies. Renewable energy is an increasinglyimportant
component of the new energy mix. The course covers energy conversion, utilization andstorage for renewable technologies
such as wind, solar, biomass, fuel cells and hybridsystems. Thermodynamics concepts (including the first and second law)
will form the basis for modelingthe renewable energy systems. The course also touches upon the environmental
consequences ofenergy conversion and how renewable energy can reduce air pollution and global climate change.
Course Objectives of the course:
I. Understand and analyze energy conversion, utilization and storage for renewable technologies such as
wind, solar, biomass, fuel cells and hybrid systems and for more conventional fossil fuel-based
technologies.
II. Use the First and Second Laws of Thermodynamics and introductory transport phenomena to form the
126 Department of Electrical and Electronics Engineering
Description
Introduction to engineering aspects of the detection, acquisition, processing, and display of signals from living systems;
biomedical sensors for measurements of bio-potentials, ions and gases in aqueous solution, force, displacement, blood
pressure, blood flow, heart sounds, respiration, and temperature; therapeutic and prosthetic devices; medical imaging
instrumentation.
Course Objectives
• Understand the limitations of instrumentation in terms of accuracy, resolution, precision, and reliability.
• Analyze and design operational amplifier and instrumentation amplifier circuits to amplify bio-signals.
• Analyze and design filter circuits to filter unwanted signals from bio-signals
• Understand the origin of cardiac and muscle bio-signals and how they are acquired using ECG and electro-
myogram electrodes
• Understand electrode circuit models and how they effect signal acquisition
• Understand they physical modes of operation of various biosensors (amperometric, enzymatic, optical, resistive,
capacitive) .
• Describe and compare methods and instrumentation needed to measure pressure and flow in the body.
• Determine and characterize the factors that limit medical imaging methods in biological tissue.
• Describe the requirements and limitations of bioinstrumentation in the clinical environment.
• Function and interact cooperatively and efficiently as a team member in completing a project.
• Present work in both written and oral reports.
Lab work: Description
The goal of the course is to provide students with laboratory experience to test the principles, design, and applications of
medical instrumentation. This course also provides exposure to clinical applications of medical instrumentation.
Course Objectives
• Analyze, design, and construct operational amplifier and instrumentation amplifier circuits to amplify bio-signals.
• Analyze, design, and construct filter circuits to filter unwanted signals from bio-signals.
• Acquire electrical and biological signals by implementing virtual instruments with Agilent VEE, LabView, or
amplifiers coupled to a computer with other software.
• Understand biosensor and electrode design and apply them for signal acquisition.
• Understand the limitations of instrumentation in terms of accuracy, resolution, precision, and reliability.
• Understand the origin of cardiac and muscle bio-signals and acquire data using ECG and electromyogram electrodes.
• Determine and characterize the factors that limit ultrasound and other imaging methods in biological tissue.
• Describe the requirements and limitations of bioinstrumentation in the clinical environment.
• Function and interact cooperatively and efficiently as a team member in completing laboratory projects.
• Present laboratory data in a written format.
Pre-requisite: EEE 223 Electrical Machines I, EEE 224 Electrical Machines I Lab, EEE 225 Electrical
Machines II, EEE 225 Electrical Machines II Lab, EEE 439 Electrical Machines III
Textbook:Medical Instrumentation: Application and Design, Fourth Editionby John Webster
Reference:Design and Development of Medical Electronics Instrumentation: A Practical Perspective of the Design,
Construction, and Test of Medical Devices by David Prutchi
List of Options
EEE 423 Computer Interfacing & Industrial Automation 3.0
Electronics
EEE 424 Computer Interfacing & Industrial Automation Lab 1.5
EEE 441 Power Electronics 3.0
Power
EEE 442 Power Electronics Lab 1.5
EEE 475 RF and Microwave Engineering 3.0
Communication
EEE 476 RF and Microwave Engineering Lab 1.5