REGENERATED CELLULOSE

Presented By
VISHAL K P
JOSHWA JOJI
LYOCELL
 THE NEW AGE FIBRE
 INTRODUCTION

❖Lyocell(lyo from greek and cell from

cellulose
❖Manmade cellulosic fiber
❖Produced by regenerating celllulose into an
organic form
❖Organic solvent mixture of organic
chemicals and water
❖Tensel is the brand name of lyocell
 RAW MATERIALS

CELLOLOSE
❖Most abundant natural source on earth
❖Obtained from wood pulp
❖Trees like eucalyptus,bamboo and pine
are used
❖Eucalyptus is primarily used to
produceTensel fiber
MANUFACTURING AND
PROCESSING
Preparing Wood Pulp
❖Hardwood trees are harvested and logs are
taken to mill
❖Wood is cut into small chips and fed into
chemical digester which removes lignin and
softens them into wet wood pulp
❖It is then washed,bleached,dried and rolled
into spools
DISSOLVING CELLULOSE
❖Spools of cellulose
are unrolled and
broken into square
inches
❖It is then loaded into
pressurized vessel
containing N-methyl
morphine-N-oxide
❖Cellulose dissolves
into a clear solution
FILTERING
❖In amine oxide solvent,cellulose is dissolved into a
clear solution
❖It is then pumped out and filtered

SPINNING
❖Cellulose is forced through the spinnerets and
long strands of fiber comes out
❖Fiber is then dissolved in Amine oxide solution
and is later washed with water
 DRYING & FINISHING

❖Fiber is passed through drying area

❖In the drying area water is evaporated
and lubricant is applied which may be
soap,silicone or other agents
 SOLVENT AND RECOVERY

❖After spinning
and drying
process, dilute
solution is
taken and
passed through
evaporator
where water is
removed and
the amine oxide
solvent is fed
back into
dissolving
process
 PROPERTIES

❖Soft , strong , absorbent

❖It has high wet and dry strength, stronger than
cotton and wool
❖Wrinkle resistant
❖Biodegradable
 APPLICATION
❖Proffessional
businesss wear
❖Leotards
❖Hosiery
❖Casual wear
❖Botanical Tensel
bed
❖Medical dressing
VISCOSE RAYON
 INTRODUCTION
❖Viscose rayon is the oldest commercial man made
fiber.
❖Viscose rayon is naturally regeneratd cellulosic
fiber that can be made from naturally occuring
cellulosic material such as cotton,wood pulp etc.
❖Due to its fine silk like properties,it is also known
as “ARTIFICIAL SILK”
 VISCOSE RAYON
Chemical Structure
Chemical structure of viscose is same as that of cotton i.e.
Cellulose, But the polymer chains are much shorter. The
degree of polymerization value of rayon is 400– 700 while
that of cotton is5000.
 MANUFACTURING
The process of manufacturing viscose rayon consists of the
following steps mentioned, in the order that they are carried out:
❖ Steeping,
❖ Shredding,
❖ Aging,
❖ Xanthation,
❖ Dissolving
❖ Ripening,
❖ Filtering,
❖ Degassing,
❖ Spinning,
❖ Drawing.
 1. Steeping
Cellulose pulp is immersed in 17-20% aqueous sodium hydroxide (NaOH)
at a temperature in the range of 18 to 25°C in order to swell the cellulose
fibers and to convert cellulose toalkali cellulose.
(C6H10O5)n + nNaOH —> (C6H9O4ONa)n + nH2O

2. Shredding:
The pressed alkali cellulose is shredded mechanically to yield finely divided,
fluffy particles called “crumbs”. This step provides increased surface areaof
the alkali cellulose, thereby increasing its ability to react in the steps that
follow.
Ageing:
The alkali cellulose is aged under controlled conditions of
time andtemperature (between 18 and 30° C) in order to
depolymerize the cellulose to the desired degreeof
polymerization. In this step the average molecular weight of
the original pulp is reduced by a factor of two to three.
Reduction of the cellulose is done to get a viscose solution of
right viscosity and celluloseconcentration
 6. Xanthation
In this step the aged alkali cellulose crumbs are placed in vats and are allowed
to react with carbon disulphide under controlled temperature (20 to 30°C) to
form cellulose xanthate.
(C6H9O4ONa)n + nCS2—-> (C6H9O4O-SC-SNa)n

5. Dissolving:
The yellow crumbs of cellulose xanthate is dissolved in aqueouscaustic
solution. Because the cellulose xanthate solution (or more accurately,
suspension) has a very high viscosity, it has been termed“viscose”.
 6. Ripening
The viscose is allowed to stand for a period of time to “ripen”. Two important
process occur during ripening: Redistribution and loss of xanthate groups. The
reversible xanthation reaction allows some of the xanthate groups to revert to
cellulosic hydroxyls and free CS2.This free CS2can then escape or react with other
hydroxyl on other portions of the cellulose chain. In this way, the ordered, or
crystalline, regions are gradually broken down and more complete solution is
achieved. The CS2that is lost reduces the solubility of the cellulose and facilitates
regeneration of the cellulose after it is formed into a filament.
(C6H9O4O-SC-SNa)n + nH2O —> (C6H10O5)n + nCS2+ nNaOH

7. Filtering:
The viscose is filtered to remove undissolved materials thatmight disrupt the
spinning process or cause defects in the rayonfilament.
 USES
Blends:
Regular rayon and high wet modulus usually blend with many fibers like
polyester, acrylic, nylon, acetate, cotton, flax, wool and ramie.

With polyester, nylon and acrylic:

Rayon contributes absorbency, comfort, and softness when blendedwith
them.
With cotton:
Italters appearance to create soft luster.
With wool:
It will decrease thecost.
With flax and ramie:
It can help produce appearance that are typically associated with linen like
fabrics.
THANK YOU