Contents

1.Contents
2.Properties of numbers
3.Factors
4.Factors
5.Multiples
6.Multiples
7.Square numbers
8.Square numbers
9.Prime numbers
10. Prime factors
11. Common factors
12. Common factors

1
Properties of
numbers
Factors

Multiples

Square numbers

Prime numbers

Prime factors

Common Factors
2
 Factors
Numbers that fit into other numbers without any remainders.

Meet the factor spider.

By using the spider you will never miss a factor again.
Next add another leg.

Draw your spider’s body with two legs.

Does the number 2 fit into your body number? If it

does write it onto the new leg and find its pair to add
to a fourth leg.

Write your number on his body.

Keep adding
Write the number 12
legs until
1 on you cannot
his first leg add
and any more.
his body
number on the second. All whole numbers have at
least
Yourtwo factors,
finished the number
factor spider for1 and the number
the number 12!
itself.

You have made a factor pair! 1 and 12 make a factor

1 pair for the number 12.12
12

The number 12 has 6 factors.

1
1
2
3
2 6

231
1 12 1264
12
Multiples
4
A number that is produced when two integers (numbers) are
multiplied.

12 is a multiple of 1 and 12, 2 and 6, 3 and 4.

12 is a multiple of 1, 2, 3, 4, 6 and 12.

Multiple rules:
Multiples of 2 are always even.
Multiples of 5 always end in 5 or 0.
Multiples of 10 always end in a 0.
Multiples of 4, 6 and 8 are always even and are all multiples
of 2 as well.

The Function Machine

Factors fit into a number. Multiples are
produced by a number.

Multiples come
Factors fit in

12
out

1, 2, 3, 4, 6, 12, 24, 36, 48, 60,

12 120

Common multiples
20 and 40
5,10,15, 4,8,12,16,2 are multiples
20,25,30 0,24,28,32, of 5 and 4.

5 4
,35,40 36,40 Common
multiples!
5
Square Numbers
6
The number you get when you multiply another number by
itself.

2X2=4 (4 is a square number)

3X3=9 (9 is a square number)

In pictures:

2X2=4
2 lots of 2 = 4
3X3=9
3 lots of 3 = 9

To work it out:
Let’s take 5 squared.
Draw a grid that is 5 lots
of 5.

5 X 5 = 25
25 is a square number.
25 is 5 squared. (We can write this as
52)

7
Prime Numbers
8
 Imagine a number with hardly any friends, an anti-social
number.
It’s only friends are the number 1, who is friends with EVERYONE
and itself!
It has no other friends, or factors!

Ok, so let’s meet prime number17.

7 7

His spider only has two legs because his only factors, or friends,
are himself and the number 1. (Who is friends with everyone!)

7 must therefore be a prime number. It has just 2 factors!

Let’s meet some other numbers.

What about the number 8? The number 8 has the factors, or

friends, 1, 2, 4 and 8 so he is NOT prime.

How many more prime, or anti-social, numbers can you find?

Remember, the number 1 is not prime because he has only 1

factor, HIMSELF!

Prime Factors
9
 So a prime number is a number with only 2 factors.
A factor is a number that fits into another number.

But what is a prime factor?

Simply a number that is a prime number and fits into

another number.

Back to our factor spider.

1
1
2
12
2 6

3 4

The number 12 has 6 factors. 1, 2, 3, 4, 6 and 12.

Which of its factors are prime numbers?
1
1
Prime
12 2
2 6
number
s 3 4

2 and 3 are prime factors of 12! It’s that

simple!

10
 Common Factors
Sometimes you may be asked to find common factors of
two numbers.

e.g. Write all the factors of 12 that are also factors of 20.

All we need to do is to draw two spiders. One for 12 and the

other for 20.

1 2

1 12 2
1 20 0
1
6 0
2 2

3 4 4 5

Back to the question.

Write all the factors of 12 that are also factors of 20.

Which numbers are factors of both numbers. Circle the

numbers that appear on both spiders.
1 is a factor of both.
2 is a factor of both.
4 is a factor of both.

11
So 1, 2 and 4 are factors of 12 and 20. They are common
factors of 12 and 20.

12
 Place Value and
Number Facts
Understanding TH H T U

Understanding H T U . t h

Bigger numbers

13
 Negative Numbers

Understanding Th H T U
The number 4528 is made up of -

Th H T U
4 5 2 8

4000 500
20
8
or or
4 8 5
2 units
Tens
Thousands
Hundreds

Th H T U
1 2 7 9

What is the value of the digit 7 in the number 1279?

14
It is in the Tens column so it is worth 7 Tens or 70.

What is the value of the 2 in the number 1279?

It is in the Hundreds column so it is worth 7 Hundreds or 700.

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 Understanding H T U . t h
Decimal place value Always imagine
decimals as
money to help
you to
understand the
T U . tvalue h
of the
digits. 16
2 4 . 6 8
 The number 24.68 is made up of
2 Tens or 20
4 Units or 4 ones
6 tenths
8 hundredths.

Imagine 24.68 as £24.68.

2 ten pound notes =

£20.00
T U . t h
4 ones = £4.00
6 tenths = £0.60 = 60p
£2 4 . 6 8

8 hundredths = £0.08 = 8p
To order numbers from smallest to biggest

0.6 0.06 0.16 1.06 0.66

Imagine the numbers as amounts of money.

£0.60 £0.06 £0.16 £1.06 £0.66

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Now we can easily order the numbers from smallest to
biggest.

£0.06 £0.16 £0.60 £0.66 £1.06

To solve the next set of questions turn each decimal

into an amount of money to help you work out the
answers.

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19
20
 Bigger numbers
Imagine the number 1,000,000

What is it?

It is 1 million.

1 Million has 6 zeros.

It is the same as a thousand 1000s.

ThT HT TT T H T U
h h h h
1 0 0 0 1 thousand

1 0, 0 0 0 10 thousand

1 0 0, 0 0 0 100 thousand

1 0 0 0, 0 0 0 1000
thousand
1 million

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 Half a million = half of 1000 thousand = 500 thousand =
500,000
Quarter of a million = quarter of 1000 thousand = 250
thousand = 250,000
Three quarters of a million = Three quarters of 1000
thousand = 750 thousand = 750,000

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