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Pelevic LNG Flow Module v2
Pelevic LNG Flow Module v2
Flow Metering
Page
Flow metering
Contents of this module
LNG allocation metering skid in Qatar LNG Floating Production Storage Offloading LNG custody transfer at regasification terminal
Common technologies
• Coriolis flow meters
• (Clamp on) ultrasonic flow meter
Other technologies
• Turbine
• Laser Doppler Velocimetry (Anemometry)
Coriolis
Principle
∆t
Principle Practice
• U – bend excited at natural frequency Ω • Two vibrating tubes
• Coriolis effect: perpendicular deflection of • Phase difference (∆t) is a
moving parts measure for mass flow rate
• Twist angle is a measure for mass flow • Natural frequency is a
rate measure for mass
• Natural frequency is a measure for density
• http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=NpX9oX
sbOfw
Coriolis flow meter
General considerations
Principle Practice
• Travelling sound wave is convected • Various paths to get a ‘good’
(transported) with flow average for the velocity
• Difference between upstream and
downstream sound wave is measure for
velocity
• Flow rate is velocity times surface area
Ultrasonic flow meter
General considerations
NG 20 oC
410 • ~ 100% / bar
kg/m3
• ~ 0.3% / oC
500
Pressure
kg/m3
450 Water at 20 oC
kg/m3 • ~ 0.1% / bar
• ~ 0.1% / oC
LNG at -165 oC
(108 K)
• ~ 1% / bar
• ~ 0.4% / oC
1 bar
100 K 120 K
Temperature
Pressure and temperature
Elements
- RTD (Pt-100)
- Thermo well
- Transmitter
- Read out
Challenges
- Heat leakage
- Slow process
- Point measurement
Flow
- Close to the flow meter
Pressure
Elements
- Membrane (fast process)
- Transmitter
Challenges
- Measure close to meter
- No cryogenic membranes available
- The pressure in a liquid column follows from:
p g h
- Correction required in case pressure sensor and tap
point are not located at the same height
- (Point measurement)
Flow metering
Contents of this module
• Gravimetric
• Pipe prover method
• Master meter method
• Piston prover tank
Gravimetric method
Principle
Gravimetric method
Application to cryogenic fluids
mMUT mscale
MUT
mscale
Stabilizing
mode
Calibration
mode
Gravimetric method
Fixed connection - considerations
• Permanent set up
• Fixed connection causes additional forces on
balance which are difficult to predict
• Steady and good control of flow conditions
• Continuous signal during calibration
• Small scale Qm = 0.5 - 4 kg/s
• Uncertainty 0.15 ~ 0.2%
Gravimetric method
Road tanker (no connection)
1 - Loading
of LNG road
tanker
mMUT mscale
3-
MUT Unloading of
LNG road
mscale tanker
24 – Weighing
empty
full LNGLNG
road
Unloading Test Coriolis flowtanker
road tanker Storage tank
LNG road meters
tanker
• Temporarily set up
• Mass changes road tanker difficult to predict
• Unsteady flow and no control of flow conditions
• Only start and end mass available
• Uncertainty on mass ≤ 0.2%
Gravimetric method Load cell
Weighing
tank
Gravimetric method
‘Tank within tank’ - considerations
• Permanent setup
• Steady and good control of flow conditions
• Buoyancy force difficult to predict
• Small scale Qm = 0.5 - 5 kg/s
• Uncertainty 0.12 ~ 0.15%
Master meter method
Principle
Master meter method
Considerations
• Permanent set up
• Not a primary standard
• Bootstrapping can be used to get traceability for
larger flow rates
• Good control of flow conditions
• Uncertainty follows from primary standard
LNG flow calibration standard (design schematics)
Front view
Flow metering
Contents of this module
A
B
C
Right scale D
Field applications
Small scale custody transfer – results
- Good
reproducibility
- Good
agreement
From Mortensen and Kolbjørnsen, Field tests for the comparison of LNG static
and dynamic mass measurement methods, JV, 2013
Field applications
Large scale custody transfer – set up
VUSM Vtank
• Difference defined as:
Vtank
1) Benito et al, presented at LNG conference, Delft, 2013
Field applications
Large scale custody transfer – results
- Poor
reproducibility
- Significant
deviation
Page
Measuring system
volume/mass of cryogenic liquids, EU
Page
LNG Custody Transfer Study P 38
LNG Custody Transfer related standards
Design metering
Combine Page
systems, test
LNG Custody Transfer Study
R81,105,117&solve P 39
protocols
inconsistencies
VSL
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2600 AR Delft
The Netherlands
T +31 15 269 15 00
F +31 15 261 29 71
E info@vsl.nl
I www.vsl.nl Peter Lucas:
nl.linkedin.com/in/lucaspeter
Erik
PeterSmits
Lucas VSL group:
E fsmits@vsl.nl
E plucas@vsl.nl http://lnkd.in/Bif3Sy
VSL Fluid Flow Metrology group:
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Questions ?