Reference Log Annotation
Validity Reliability Accuracy
1 McLaughlin, Leonie, and Stephen Hitchings. Biology Options - Genetics: Valid as it explains what the
the code broken? 1 ed., Cengage Learning Australia, 2010, pp. 22-23. Human Genome Project is,
outlining its history and goals.
2 Alford, Diane, and Jennifer Hill. Excel HSC Biology. Vivienne Joannou, pp. Valid as it explains what the
130-131. Human Genome Project is, what
it has accomplished and how
those accomplishments affect
society.
3 Alford, Diane. Genomics and the Human Genome Project, Valid as it explains what a
www2.le.ac.uk/projects/vgec/schoolsandcolleges/topics/genomics. human genome is, what the
Accessed 23 June 2018. Human Genome Project is and
how DNA sequencing works.
4 McLaughlin, Leonie, and Stephen Hitchings. Biology Options - Genetics: Valid as it explains what linkage
the code broken? 1 ed., Cengage Learning Australia, 2010, pp. 24-25. maps are and how they can’t
fulfil the goals of the Human
Genome Project as the methods
would be unethical.
5 Medical Definition of Linkage map, Valid as it clearly explains what
www.medicinenet.com/script/main/art.asp?articlekey=4167. Accessed a linkage map is and what it can
23 June 2018. be used for.
This book is written specifically
to address the option topic:
Genetics- the code broken? In
the NSW HSC biology syllabus.
Cengage Learning Australia also
publishes it, which is an
educational content and
services company founded in
2007.
Jennifer Hill has over 20 years
experience in Science education
as a teacher and has written
books relating to preliminary
and HSC biology. Diane Alford
has taught senior and junior
science courses for over 30
years.
The University of Leicester is a
university founded in 1921 and
is one of the founders of genetic
fingerprinting.
This book is written specifically
to address the option topic:
Genetics- the code broken? In
the NSW HSC biology syllabus.
Cengage Learning Australia also
publishes it, which is an
educational content and
services company founded in
2007.
MedicineNet is a healthcare
media company founded in
1996 that provides thorough
Accurate as it has similar
information to other accurate
sources regarding the Human
Genome Project and its attempt
to locate the position of genes
through whole genome
sequencing (reference 2 and 3).
Information is accurate as it is
similar to other accurate
sources (reference 1 and 3)
regarding what the Human
Genome is and its
accomplishments.
Information provided about the
Human Genome Project is very
similar to references 4 and 5,
which are also accurate and
reliable sources.
Information is accurate as it
provides detailed information
about linkage maps that can
also be found in references 3
and 5.
Information is accurate as it
presents very similar content as
reference 3 and 4 on the topic

6 Dux College, dc.edu.au/hsc-biology- Explains the unethical issues
genetics/#Describe_and_explain_the_limitations_of_data_obtained_fro with test crossing of human
m_the_Human_Genome_Project. Accessed 23 June 2018. DNA as well as its impracticality
and how the majority of human
DNA is junk DNA, suggesting the
limits of studying linkage maps
and data achieved from the
Human Genome Project.
7 McLaughlin, Leonie, and Stephen Hitchings. Biology Options - Genetics: Valid as it presents the different
the code broken? 1 ed., Cengage Learning Australia, 2010, pp. 23. aspects of biology that benefit
from the completion of the
Human Genome Project.
8 What was the Human Genome Project and why has it been important?, Valid as it explains what the
ghr.nlm.nih.gov/primer/hgp/description. Accessed 23 June 2018. Human Genome Project is, it
goals and benefits to society.
9 Valid as it discusses the multiple
benefits of the Human Genome
Project and its effects on
society.
10 McLaughlin, Leonie, and Stephen Hitchings. Biology Options - Genetics: Valid as it explains how we can
the code broken? 1 ed., Cengage Learning Australia, 2010, pp. 24. do only so much with the
information provided by the
Human Genome Project since
most the genes are junk DNA
healthcare information through
a team of more than 70
certified physicians.
High school teachers that
specialise in HSC excellence
originally created Dux College
and has grown to now tutor
over 400 students.
This book is written specifically
to address the option topic:
Genetics- the code broken? In
the NSW HSC biology syllabus.
Cengage Learning Australia also
publishes it, which is an
educational content and
services company founded in
2007.
Genetics Home Reference is a
service of the US National
Library of Medicine which is a
part of the US National
Institution of Health.
This book is written specifically
to address the option topic:
Genetics- the code broken? In
the NSW HSC biology syllabus.
Cengage Learning Australia also
of linkage maps and its
limitations.
Accurate as it has similar
information to other accurate
sources regarding the
limitations of the data acquired
from the Human Genome
Project (reference 7 and 8).
Information presented is
accurate as it is extremely
similar to reference 7 and 8.
Information is accurate as it is
similar to other accurate
sources (reference 19 and 20)
regarding what neutron
scattering is and its application
in society.
Information is accurate as it is
similar to other accurate
sources (reference 7 and 8)
regarding the ben3fits of the
Human Genome Project.
Information provided is very
similar to that of reference 11
and 12 which are also accurate
and reliable sources.
 and how dome genes hide
within other genes, making
them difficult to identify.
11 Genetics as Explanation: Limits to the Human Genome Project, Explains limitations of data
www.els.net/WileyCDA/ElsArticle/refId-a0005881.html. Accessed 24 June acquired from the Human
2018. Genome Project such as
knowing the entire genome
doesn’t explain the identity of
an individual, interactions with
other genes…etc.
12 McLaughlin, Leonie, and Stephen Hitchings. Biology Options - Genetics: Valid as it defines what
the code broken? 1 ed., Cengage Learning Australia, 2010, pp. 25-27. recombinant DNA is and the
steps needed to produce it.
13 Valid as it outlines the
procedure of making
recombinant DNA.
14 Making recombinant DNA, www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/books/NBK21881/. Valid as it outlines the
Accessed 24 June 2018. procedure of making
recombinant DNA.
15 McLaughlin, Leonie, and Stephen Hitchings. Biology Options - Genetics: Valid as it explains how one can
the code broken? 1 ed., Cengage Learning Australia, 2010, pp. 27. use recombinant DNA to track a
gene’s location on a
chromosome.
publishes it, which is an
educational content and
services company founded in
2007.
Wiley is a global publishing
company founded in 1807 that
specialises in academic articles,
publishing articles on behalf of
over 700 scholarly individuals.
This book is written specifically
to address the option topic:
Genetics- the code broken? In
the NSW HSC biology syllabus.
Cengage Learning Australia also
publishes it, which is an
educational content and
services company founded in
2007.
High school teachers that
specialise in HSC excellence
originally created Dux College
and has grown to now tutor
over 400 students.
The National Centre for
Biotechnological Information is
a government organisation that
provides access to biomedical
and genomic information.
This book is written specifically
to address the option topic:
Genetics- the code broken? In
the NSW HSC biology syllabus.
Cengage Learning Australia also
publishes it, which is an
Accurate as information
provided about iodine-131 is
almost identical to references
10 and 12.
Information is accurate as it
provides detailed information
about what recombinant DNA is
and how it is made is similar to
reference 13 and 14.
Information is accurate as it
links carefully to reference 12
and 14 of the procedure on
making recombinant DNA.
Information is accurate as it
presents very similar content as
reference 12 and 13 on the
topic of making recombinant
DNA.
Information is accurate as it
provides detailed information
about using recombinant DNA
to track a gene’s location on a
chromosome that can also be
found in references 16 and 17.

16 Explain how the use of recombinant DNA technology can identify the Valid as it explains how one can
position of a gene on a chromosome, dc.edu.au/hsc-biology- use recombinant DNA to track a
genetics/#Explain_how_the_use_of_recombinant_DNA_technology_can_ gene’s location on a
identify_the_position_of_a_gene_on_a_chromosome. Accessed 24 June chromosome as well as a brief
2018. process of how its done.
17 Genetic linkage & mapping, Valid as it explains how one can
www.khanacademy.org/science/biology/classical-genetics/chromosomal- use recombinant DNA to track a
basis-of-genetics/a/linkage-mapping. Accessed 24 June 2018. gene’s location on a
chromosome.
18 McLaughlin, Leonie, and Stephe n Hitchings. Biology Options - Genetics: Valid as it provides information
the code broken? 1 ed., Cengage Learning Australia, 2010, pp. 54-55. on how the genome of an
organism can show how it can
be related to another organism
through a recent common
ancestor, providing an example.
19 Understanding our past: DNA, www.khanacademy.org/partner- Valid as it demonstrates how
content/amnh/human-evolutio/human-evolution-the- the analysis of human DNA and
evidence/a/understanding-our-past-dna. Accessed 22 June 2018. chimpanzee DNA is very similar,
indicating a recent common
ancestor.
20 Alford, Diane, and Jennifer Hill. Excel HSC Biology. Vivienne Joannou, pp. Valid as it states how genes
136-37. change along with the organism
as it evolves, using comparative
educational content and
services company founded in
2007.
High school teachers that
specialise in HSC excellence
originally created Dux College
and has grown to now tutor
over 400 students.
Khan Academy is an
organisation rooted in
education that has partnered
with other organisations such as
NASA, MIT, The Califonia
Academy of Sciences and The
Museum of Modern Art to offer
their content.
This book is written specifically
to address the option topic:
Genetics- the code broken? In
the NSW HSC biology syllabus.
Cengage Learning Australia also
publishes it, which is an
educational content and
services company founded in
2007.
Khan Academy is an
organisation rooted in
education that has partnered
with other organisations such as
NASA, MIT, The Califonia
Academy of Sciences and The
Museum of Modern Art to offer
their content.
Jennifer Hill has over 20 years
experience in Science education
as a teacher and has written
Accurate as information
provided about tracking a
gene’s location on a
chromosome is almost identical
to references 15 and 17.
Information is accurate as it
provides detailed information
about using recombinant DNA
in identifying gene position that
can also be found in references
15 and 16.
Accurate as information
provided is substantiated in
reference 19, 20, and 21, which
have been consistent with
providing accurate and reliable
information.
Information is accurate as the
information provided about the
analysis of genes relating to
evolution matches information
in sources 18, 20 and 21.
Accurate as the information
about evidence of evolution
 embryology and palaeontology
as examples.
21 Smith, Yolanda. How are gene mutations involved in evolution?, Valid as it explains what
ghr.nlm.nih.gov/primer/mutationsanddisorders/evolution. Accessed 23 evolution is and how genetic
June 2018. mutations can cause the rise of
a new species and how the
analysis of these genes can
explain how different organisms
are related.
books relating to preliminary
and HSC biology. Diane Alford
has taught senior and junior
science courses for over 30
years.
Genetics Home Reference is a
service of the US National
Library of Medicine which is a
part of the US National
Institution of Health.
through gene analysis matches
sources 18, 19 and 21.
Information is accurate as it
provides similar information
regarding evolution and gene
analysis to sources 18, 19 and
20.