1.

The Industrial Revolution started in

a. Belgium.
b. England.
c. France.
d. Germany.

2. The effects of' the Industrial Revolution

a. were confined to the eighteenth century .
b. largely occurred in the nineteenth century .
c. continue to this day.
d. ended by 1950.

3. The early effects of the Industrial Revolution on ordinary people was

a. always beneficial.
b. to improve living standards.
c. hardly noticeable.
d. unhealthy working and living conditions.

4. The Industrial Revolution led to the development of colonies, whose purpose was to
a. provide a source of raw materials.
b. provide a market for manufactured goods.
c. spread the benefits of democracy.
d. both a) and b).

5. Which of the following has been a long-term effect of the Industrial Revolution?
a. increasing environmental damage
b. greater international peace
c. a reduction in the population worldwide
d. more even distribution of wealth

6. The Industrial Revolution was a turning point because it changed the way people
a. viewed personal wealth.
b. interacted with nature.
c. approached education.
d. were treated by the government.

7. At the start of the Industrial Revolution, Britain had

a. a good supply of labour.
b. a developed system of agriculture.
c. a middle class with political power.
d. all of these

8. When Britain colonized India, it

a. cooperated with the existing government.
b. shipped back stolen treasure to fund industrialization.
c. shared its industrial knowledge freely.
d. adapted its way of governing to suit Indian values.
9. Britain had an abundance of which commodity necessary for industrialization?
a. oil
b. timber
c. coal
d. gold

10. In order to make farming more efficient, small farms in Britain were converted to larger farms in a
movement known as
a. enclosure.
b. conjoining.
c. collectivization.
d. consolidation.

11. Which of the following features of medieval British agriculture were made private property?
a. farms
b. mills
c. barns
d. commons

12. Taking the commons areas out of village control benefited

a. most agricultural workers.
b. small landholders.
c. wealthier farmers.
d. no one.

13. Changes in agriculture forced small farmers across Britain to

a. form large cooperatives and pool resources.
b. sell their farms and move to the cities.
c. organize a revolt against the rich landlords.
d. all of these

14. The seed drill replaced the old method of broadcasting of seeds and led to
a. a shortage in the supply of seeds and workers.
b. less wastage, faster seeding, and a need for less labour.
c. the rapid spread of new plant diseases.
d. all of these

15. Lord Townshend developed a system of crop rotation that eliminated which of the following from the
medieval three-field system?
a. planting winter crops
b. leaving the land to lie fallow
c. planting grain crops
d. planting spring crops

16. With plant rotation, turnips and clover

a. leach toxins from the soil.
b. remove nutrients from the soil.
c. release nitrogen into the soil.
d. are hard to grow well.

17. With plant rotation, for the first time turnips and clover could be used as
a. basic food items.
b. export crops.
c. soil enrichment.
d. fodder crops.

18. The word fodder refers to crops raised for

a. humans.
b. animals.
c. textile manufacturing.
d. industrial workers.

19. The term laissez-faire refers to

a. extensive government regulation of the economy.
b. a form of communism.
c. minimal government regulation.
d. government direction of the economy.

20. Which segment of the economy benefits most from laissez-faire?

a. industrial workers
b. business owners
c. the government
d. farm workers

21. The first area of industry which benefited from the Industrial Revolution was the
a. iron industry .
b. consumer-goods industries.
c. fuel industry .
d. textile industry .

22. The textile product that had long been most important in Britain was
a. cotton.
b. silk.
c. linen.
d. wool.

23. When the British began to develop the cotton industry, most cotton was imported from
a. Scotland and Wales.
b. Greece and Egypt.
c. the United States and India.
d. India and Egypt.

24. The flying shuttle

a. made it possible for one person to operate a large loom.
b. needed a source of steam power.
c. required two weavers to operate it.
d. was difficult to use.

25. The spinning jenny made it possible for

a. spinners to create synthetic materials.
b. sheep farmers to shear sheep less often.
c. spinners to demand higher prices.
d. one spinner to do the work of many.

26. The first steam engine was used to

a. power looms.
b. pump water from mines.
c. power spinning jennies.
d. run drills in mines.

27. The steam engine was improved and made more useful by
a. Arkwright.
b. Newcomen.
c. Watt
d. Townshend.

28. Abraham Darby invented a process to make

a. forged iron products.
b. a cheap steel.
c. coal more efficient.
d. better cast-iron products.

29. During the early Industrial Revolution, coal mining in Britain was
a. dangerous because of toxic gasses and waste.
b. done by well-paid workers.
c. subject to many health regulations.
d. safe, since most deposits were near the surface.

30. Coal miners in Britain often

a. held union meetings.
b. worked short shifts to avoid accidents.
c. died at an early age from lung problems.
d. all of these

31. Until the 18th century , the transportation system that could link all of England relied mainly
on
a. canals.
b. railways.
c. boats.
d. roads.

32. Canals represented an improvement in transportation because they could

a. be built cheaply.
b. transport larger loads of goods.
c. improve drainage for roads.
d. be built quickly.

33. Transportation in the early Industrial Revolution experienced its most important advance with the
development of
a. better roads.
b. canals.
c. steam-powered locomotives.
d. coastal shipping.

34. A person who invests money and hires workers to produce goods is called a
a. philanthropist.
b. capitalist.
c. speculator.
d. usurer .

35. Which of the following was not an advantage of cottage industry?

a. People could work at home.
b. An entire family benefited from the income.
c. It was poor paying work.
d. People could stay in their own communities

36. If demand for a particular good is great, and the supply for that good is low, then:
a. the price of the item is high.
b. the price of the item is low.
c. price is unaffected.
d. suppliers can set the price low.

37. The development of new manufacturing processes and power sources led to
a. expansion of the cottage industry .
b. development of the factory system.
c. greater worker control of manufacturing.
d. more people staying in small villages.

38. Factories created a demand for

a. daycare facilities.
b. many government inspectors.
c. only skilled workers.
d. many unskilled workers.

39. Factory owners tended to compensate for the high cost of machinery was very high by
a. installing few machines.
b. raising the price of goods.
c. keeping wages low.
d. keeping factories small.

40. The poor tenant farmers who were evicted from their lands in Scotland were known as
a. serfs.
b. peasants.
c. poor bodies.
d. crofters.

41. Which of the following was not a characteristic of early factories?

a. Child workers were hired to clean machines.
b. Injured workers received compensation.
c. Factories were very dirty and dangerous noisy.
d. Factories were extremely noisy.

42. Most child workers in the early Industrial Revolution were

a. provided with educational opportunities.
b. paid poor wages to work under harmful conditions.
c. given safer and easier jobs than adults.
d. all of these

43. When workers tried to organize unions to improve conditions in the factories, the government
a. recognized these unions.
b. ignored these unions.
c. created workers' associations
d. declared such unions illegal.

44. In the early 19th century, a series of Factory Acts were passed. These were intended to
a. give factory owners more power.
b. regulate the prices of goods.
c. improve the lives of workers.
d. allow the government to buy factories.
45. The British middle and upper classes believed that the working class;
a. needed opportunities to be educated.
b. would use leisure time to drink and gamble.
c. should have a five-day work week.
d. should live in separate communities.

46. Which of the following were members of the middle class in 19lh-century Britain?
a. doctors, lawyers, and engineers
b. chimney sweeps
c. casual labourers
d. all of these

47. Which group was at the lowest level of the working class?
a. casual labourers
b. tradesmen
c. unskilled workers
d. skilled workers

48. Under Britain's Poor Law,

a. unemployed people were well cared for.
b. many of the unemployed were forced into workhouses
c. families were always given relief.
d. individuals were not allowed any benefits.

49. Britain's new industrial cities were not

a. crowded.
b. well-planned.
c. crime-ridden.
d. filled with contagious diseases.

50. Which crop failed in Ireland in 1845, causing widespread death and hardship?
a. cotton
b. corn
c. potato
d. wheat