0.2.

6 CHAPTER 10 — WATER PUMPING FOR BUILDINGS

When pumping any liquid having a sp. gr. against a Where:

pressure (P) in psi, the WHP equation becomes; Q = pump capacity in liters/min.
WHP — Q x Sp. gr. x Sp. gr. weight of fluid in kgs/liter
H = total head in metres
3 9 6 0 2 .31P )
For cold water, W = 1 kg per liter
Q x 2.31P QP hence eq. (1) becomes
3 960 1 714 KWt — ______________________ (2)
6 130.25
Due to the various losses in the flow of water thru
QxH
pump, the friction in piping both suction and dis-
and for other fluids, this equation has to be multipled
charge, and due to turbulence of the water and the
energy, to create the velocity of flow, the brake by their corresponding specific gravities.
horsepower required by the pump is much greater Q xHx sp. gravity
thus, KWt — ___________________________ (3)
than the water horsepower. The relation is; 6 130.25
10.42 Actual Power required, KWa —

WHP KW t
BHP — KWa — ______________________ (4)
efficiency efficiency
Example 1 —
Article 10.3 Fluid Power Metrication Water from a reservoir is pumped over a hill through a pipe 3
ft in diameter, and a pressure of 30 psi is maintained at the
10.3.1 If the hydraulic or pneumatic circuitry is designed summit, where the pipe is 300 ft above the reservoir. The
within metric parameters, equipment and other com- quantity pumped is 49.5 cfs, and by reason of friction in the
ponents such as valves, cylinders or gages must have pump and pipe there is 10 ft of head loss between the reservoir
mountings that are compatible with metric fasteners, and the summit. What amount of energy must be furnished the
such as bolts and clevis pins. water each second by the pump?
There are several metric methods of specifying
pressure. The most basic is the newton per square Solution:
metre (N/m2). However, it is convenient to use the (a) By the energy equation (English):
term pascal (Pa) which represents one newton per Q = 49.5 cfs = v x area
square metre; by doing this pascal is associated with v = 49.5 ÷ (0.7854 x 9) = 7 fps
pressure and not with stress. Segments of the fluid * Vel. Head = 2g
power industry prefer the term bar, which is equal to V2
100 000 pascals. The following relationship can be
used for converting to metric: 49

1 bar = 100 000 Pa

64.4
= 100 000 N/m 2 = 0. 7 ft
= 14.5 psi Pressure head = 30 psi x 2.31
1 inch mercury (at 60 ° F) = 0.034 bars = 69.3 ft
Other manufacturers of fluid power equipment prefer
Elevation = 300 ft
to express gauge pressure in units of kg/cm 2 . For Head Loss = 10 ft
basis of comparison
*Total head of the pump = pressure head + velocity head
1 psi = 0.07045 kg/cm 2 + elevation + head loss (if any)
Customarily, fluid flow has been expressed as gallons = 69.3 + 0.7 + 300 + 10
per minute for liquids and cubic feet per minute for = 380 ft
gases. For liquid in metric units, cubic meter per 380 ft x 49.5 cfs x 62.4 lbs/cu ft.
minute or liters per minute are usable quantities. The Energy of pump 550 fps
following relationships represent relative magnitudes = 2 130 hp (2 134 hp)
1 gpm = 3.785 liters/min. = 0.003785 m 3/min.
(h) By the English Unit pump formula —
QxH
Article 10.4 Metric Pump Formula Whp — ______ Q = 49.5 cfs x 448.83
3 960
= 22 217.14 gpm
10.4.1 Theoretical Power in Kilowatts — 22 217.14 x 380
= 380 ft
Qx W xH (1) 3 960
Power, KWt — ______
6 130.25 = 2 132 hp

176