Project Name : Home Automations Systems

ABSTRACT: Technology is a never ending process. To be able to design a product using the current
technology that will be beneficial to the lives of others is a huge contribution to the community. This
paper presents the design and implementation of a low cost but yet flexible and secure cell phone based
home automation system. The design is based on a standalone Arduino BT board and the home
appliances are connected to the input/ output ports of this board via relays. The communication between
the cell phone and the Arduino BT board is wireless. This system is designed to be low cost and scalable
allowing variety of devices to be controlled with minimum changes to its core. Password protection is
being used to only allow authorized users from accessing the appliances at home

Project Description:
This project is one of the important Arduino Projects. Arduino based home automation using Bluetooth
project helps the user to control any electronic device using Device Control app on their Android
Smartphone. The android app sends commands to the controller – Arduino, through wireless
communication, namely, Bluetooth. The Arduino is connected to the main PCB which has five relays as
shown in the block diagram. These relays can be connected to different electronic devices. As per the
block diagram, Device 1 – Light, Device 2- Light, Device 3 – Light, Device - Fan.

When the user presses on the ‘On’ button displayed on the app for the device 1, the Light is switched on.
This Light can be switched off, by pressing the same button again.

Similarly, when the user presses on the ‘On’ button displayed on the app for the device 4, the fan is
switched on. The fan can be switched off, by pressing the same button again.

This project of home automation using Bluetooth and Arduino can be used for controlling any AC or DC
devices. In the demonstration, we have used DC Fan and DC Bulb. To drive this DC Fan and Light, a 9V
battery is connected.
System Architecture

So first of all we want to check if the relay is switching.

Wire up the relay as shown in the diagram, make sure that the JD-VCC and VCC pins are bridged if you
are powering the relay from your arduino. If they are not bridged you will see the LED turning on and off
every 2 seconds but there will not be the clicking sound of the relay switching.

First off wire up the circuit as shown above. I have used a breadboard and made one rail positive and one
negative. Annoyingly I found that the TXD and RXD pins on the Bluetooth module don't work when
connected to the same pins on the arduino itself. The TXD pin on the Bluetooth module I have connected
to the RXD pin on the arduino (pin 0), and the RXD pin on the Bluetooth module is connected to the
TXD pin on the arduino (pin 1). The Bluetooth Module will run off 3.3v but the relay needs 5v to work,
hence I have used 5 volts on the arduino.

System Hardware:

1. Arduino Uno R3
2. Bluetooth Module
3. 4 – Channel Relay Module
4. Resistance
5. LED's
6. DC Motor
7. Android Phone with Bluetooth
8. Jumper Wires
9. 9V DC Battery
Description About Instruments:

1.Arduino:
In this project we have used a microcontroller to control whole the process of system that is ARDUINO
board. Actually arduino is not a mere controller as it has an operating system or boot-loader which runs
on AVR controllers. Arduino is an open source hardware platform and very useful for project
development purpose. There are many types of arduino boards like Arduino UNO, arduino mega, arduino
pro mini, Lilypad etc. are available in the market or you can also build one by yourself.

Fig 3: Arduino board

2. Bluetooth module.
Bluetooth module used in this project is HC-05 (Fig. 4), which supports master and slave mode serial
communication (9600-115200 bps) SPP and UART interface. Using these features it can communicate
with other Bluetooth-enabled devices like mobile phones, tablets and laptops. The module runs on 3.3V
to 5V power supply.
3. 4 – Channel Relay Module
A relay allows you to turn on or turn off a circuit using voltage and/or current much higher than what
Arduino could handle. Relay provides complete isolation between the low-voltage circuit on Arduino side
and the high-voltage side controlling the load. It gets activated using 5V from Arduino, which, in turn,
controls electrical appliances like fans, lights and air-conditioners. An 8-channel relay module is shown in
Fig. 5.

4. Resistance
The electrical resistance of an electrical conductor is a measure of the difficulty to pass an electric current
through that conductor. The inverse quantity is electrical conductance, and is the ease with which an
electric current passes.
5. LEDs
A light-emitting diode (LED) is a two-lead semiconductor light source. It is a p–n junction diode that
emits light when activated.[5] When a suitable voltage is applied to the leads, electrons are able to
recombine with electron holes within the device, releasing energy in the form of photons. This effect is
called electroluminescence, and the color of the light (corresponding to the energy of the photon) is
determined by the energy band gap of the semiconductor.

6. DC Motor
A DC motor is any of a class of rotary electrical machines that converts direct current electrical energy
into mechanical energy. The most common types rely on the forces produced by magnetic fields. Nearly
all types of DC motors have some internal mechanism, either electromechanical or electronic, to
periodically change the direction of current flow in part of the motor.

7. Android Phone With Bluetooth

A smartphone is a handheld personal computer with a mobile operating system and an integrated mobile
broadband cellular network connection for voice, SMS, and Internet data communication; most if not all
smartphones also support Wi-Fi. Smartphones are typically pocket-sized, as opposed to tablets, which are
much larger in size.

8. Jumper Wire
A jump wire (also known as jumper, jumper wire, jumper cable, DuPont wire, or DuPont cable – named
for one manufacturer of them) is an electrical wire or group of them in a cable with a connector or pin at
each end (or sometimes without them – simply "tinned"), which is normally used to interconnect the
components of a breadboard or other prototype or test circuit, internally or with other equipment or
components, without soldering.

10 . 9V DC Battery
The nine-volt battery, or 9-volt battery, in its most common form was introduced for the early transistor
radios. It has a rectangular prism shape with rounded edges and a polarized snap connector at the top.
This type is commonly used in walkie-talkies, clocks and smoke detectors.

Code:
/*
------------------------------------------------------------------------
Home Automation System
------------------------------------------------------------------------
*/

String voice;
#define relay1 2 //Connect relay1 to pin 2
#define relay2 3 //Connect relay2 to pin 3
void setup()
{
Serial.begin(9600); //Set rate for communicating with phone
pinMode(relay1, OUTPUT); //Set relay1 as an output
pinMode(relay2, OUTPUT); //Set relay2 as an output
digitalWrite(relay1, LOW); //Switch relay1 off
digitalWrite(relay2, LOW); //Swtich relay2 off
}
void loop()
{
while(Serial.available()) //Check if there are available bytes to read
{
delay(10); //Delay to make it stable
char c = Serial.read(); //Conduct a serial read
if (c == '#'){
break; //Stop the loop once # is detected after a word
}
voice += c; //Means voice = voice + c
}
if (voice.length() >0)
{
Serial.println(voice);
if(voice == "*switch on"){
switchon();
} //Initiate function switchon if voice is switch on
else if(voice == "*switch off"){
switchoff();
} //Initiate function switchoff if voice is switch off
else if(voice == "*lamp on"){
//You can replace 'lamp on' with anything you want...same applies to others
digitalWrite(relay1, HIGH);
}
else if(voice == "*lamp off"){
digitalWrite(relay1, LOW);
}
else if(voice == "*kettle on"){
digitalWrite(relay2, HIGH);
}
else if(voice == "*kettle off"){
digitalWrite(relay2, LOW);
}
voice="";
}
}
void switchon() //Function for turning on relays
{
digitalWrite(relay1, HIGH);
digitalWrite(relay2, HIGH);
}
void switchoff() //Function for turning on relays
{
digitalWrite(relay1, LOW);
digitalWrite(relay2, LOW);
}

Applications of Home Automation System.

  Using this project, we can turn on or off appliances remotely i.e. using a phone or tablet.
 The project can be further expanded to a smart home automation system by including some
sensors like light sensors, temperature sensors, safety sensors etc. and automatically adjust
different parameters like room lighting, air conditioning (room temperature), door locks etc. and
transmit the information to our phone.
 Additionally, we can connect to internet and control the home from remote location over internet
and also monitor the safety.

Limitations of this circuit

 The system needs a continuous power supply to be practical or else we might not be able to
control the appliances.
 Hence, best way to design the system efficiently would be to implement both the automated
control and manual control through switches at a time.

The Conclusion
Bluetooth controlled industrial devices using Android mobile” was a project based on microcontroller,
due to which hardware requirement is reduced. Embarking of this project
has helped us in developing a team spirit, patience and time management necessary for today's technical
professionals. Hence we can conclude that the required goals and objectives of our project have been
achieved. It provides the flexibility & system reliability with low cost as well as less maintenance. It
provides remote access to the system to deliver service at any time of the day. With this system, we can
control as well as monitor the devices at remote location. This project can also be used for following
applications:
1) Industrial automation
2) Farm Automation