Wavelet Denoising: Jacob Fainguelernt

OpenStax-CNX module: m23011 1
Wavelet Denoising *
Jacob Fainguelernt
This work is produced by OpenStax-CNX and licensed under the

Creative Commons Attribution License 2.0
Abstract
Wavelets can be used in a wide range of applications, one of which is noise reduction. This module
shows a real-time implementation of a wavelet-based noise reduction in the DSK6713. A Simulink model
is created for simulation, and afterwards used for DSP code generation.
1 Introduction
Wavelets can be used in a range of applications, one of which is noise reduction.

This laboratory shows how to design a model of Wavelet Noise Reduction using Simulink and run it on
a Texas Instruments C6000 DSP.
1.1 Objectives
• Design a model of Wavelet Noise Reduction for the Texas Instruments C6000 family of DSP devices
using MATLAB® and Simulink®.
• Modify an existing Simulink demonstration model.
• Run the project on the Texas Instruments C6713 DSK with a microphone and computer loudspeakers
/ headphones.
1.2 Level
Intermediate. Assumes prior knowledge of MATLAB and Simulink. It also requires a theoretical under-
standing of wavelets and some knowledge of Texas Instruments DSPs.
1.3 Hardware and Software Requirements

This laboratory was originally developed using the following hardware and software:
• MATLAB R2006b with Embedded Target for TI C6000.

• Code Composer Studio (CCS) v3.1
• Texas Instruments C6713 DSK hardware.
• Microphone and computer loudspeakers / headphones.
* Version 1.1: May 6, 2009 8:50 am -0500

http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/2.0/
http://cnx.org/content/m23011/1.1/
1.4 Related Files

1
• Powerpoint Presentation WaveletDenoising.ppt
2
• Simulink Model for Simulation- WaveletDenoising.mdl
3
• Simulink Model for Real-Time WaveletDenoisingDSKC6713.mdl
2 Simulation
2.1 Simulink Model

The Simulink model described here is based on a MATLAB Demo.
2.1.1 Opening the Model

Open WaveletDenoising.mdl
Figure 1: Opening WaveletDenoising.mdl
2.1.2 Running the Model

Run the model. The colors change to show the dierent lter channels. Green = high frequency.
1 See the le at <http://cnx.org/content/m23011/latest/WaveletDenoising.ppt>

2 See the le at <http://cnx.org/content/m23011/latest/WaveletDenoising.mdl>
3 See the le at <http://cnx.org/content/m23011/latest/WaveletDenoisingDSKC6713.mdl>
Figure 2: Wavelet Model Showing Color Coding
2.1.3 Scope Output

The scope output shows how the random noise has been separated out (Residual).
Figure 3: Scope Output
2.1.4 Monitoring the Dyadic Filter Outputs

Add an extra scope as shown in Figure 4 to display the Diadic Filter Outputs.
Figure 4: Monitoring the Dyadic Filter Outputs
2.1.5 Analysis of Diadic Filter Outputs

It can be seen that the noise is on Out1, Out2 and Out3. The clean input signal is on Out4.
Figure 5: Noise Levels at Dyadic Filter Outputs
2.1.6 Modifying the Dead Zone

Double-click on the Soft Threshold block. This is the actual noise reduction stage. The elds are in order
Out1, Out2, Out3 and Out4.
Figure 6: Noise Levels at Dyadic Filter Outputs
Here Out1 has been given a threshold of 3. This means that only values > 3 are let through.
Out2, Out3 and Out4 have been given the value of 0. This means the whole signal is let through.
The output is shown in Figure 6. Note that the noise associated with Out2 and Out3 have not been
reduced.
Figure 7: Threshold only applied to Out1
2.1.7 Changing the Delay Alignment

Double-click on the Delay Alignment block. Temporarily remove the delays on Out1 and Out2.
Figure 8: Removing the Delay Alignments
Run the model to see the eect.
2.1.8 Summary of Simulation

From practical experimentation using the Simulink model, you should now understand how wavelet denoising
works.
3 Real-Time Model for TI C6713 DSK
3.1 Texas Instruments C6713 DSK Setup
Figure 9: Texas Instruments C6713 DSK Setup
3.2 Simulink Model for C6713 DSK

3.2.1 Starting Code Composer Studio
Start Code Composer Studio for C6713 DSK and use Debug -> Connect.
Figure 10: Startup Screen for Code Composer Studio (CCS)
3.2.2 Opening an Existing Model

Start MATLAB 7.3.0 R2006b:
Figure 11: Opening an Existing Demo
Click on Demos. The following screen will appear:
Figure 12: Selecting the Audio Demo Models
Highlight Embedded Target for TI C6000 DSP then Audio. Click on Wavelet Denoising.
3.2.3 Viewing the Wavelet Denoising Parent

The Wavelet Denoising model is now displayed. Double-click on the function() box.
Figure 13: Wavelet Denoising Parent
3.2.4 The Original Wavelet Noise Reduction Algorithm

The Wavelet Noise Reduction Algorithm model is now displayed.
Figure 14: Wavelet Denoising Algorithm
3.2.5 Copying the Model

For convenience, copy the model to the MATLAB Work directory where most models are stored.
Figure 15: Copying the Model to the MATLAB Work directory
3.2.6 Overview of the Modied Model

In order to run the model on the C6713 DSK and be able to compare the performance with and without
noise reduction, we will make some small modications to the demo model.
Figure 16: The Modied Algorithm
You will now update the existing model by dragging-and-dropping some library components onto the
model.
3.2.7 Changing the Input to Microphone

Double-click on the blue box to the left marked C6713 DSK ADC. The following options will appear.
Figure 17: Setting up the ADC for Microphone Input
Change the ADC source to Mic In and tick the Stereo box. If you have a quiet microphone, tick
the +20dB Mic gain boost box. When done, click on OK.
3.2.8 The DAC Settings

The DAC settings need to match those of the ADC. Check that they are the same.
Figure 18: Setting the DAC Parameters
3.2.9 Adding a DIP Switch and LED

To change between no wavelet denoising and with wavelet noise reduction, we will use a DIP switch of the
C6713 DSK.
Figure 19: Adding a Switch and LED
Select View -> Library Browser -> Embedded Target for TI C6000 DSP. Highlight C6713 DSK Board
Support.
Drag-and-drop the Switch block onto the model. Also drag-and-drop the LED block onto the model.
3.2.10 DIP Switch Settings

The DIP switch needs to be congured. Double-click on the Switch block.
Put at tick in all of the boxes and set Data type to Integer. The Sample time should also be set to
1.
Figure 20: Setting up the DIP Switch Value
3.2.11 Adding a Constant, Switch and Relational Operator

We now need to setup a way to switch between straight through without noise reduction and with wavelet
noise reduction.
Select View -> Library Browser -> Simulink. Highlight Commonly Used Blocks.
Drag-and-drop a Constant onto the model.
Drag-and-drop a Switch block onto the model.
Drag-and-drop a Relational Operator block onto the model.
Figure 21: Selecting the Commonly Used Blocks
3.2.12 Setting the Constant Value

The switch values lie between 0 and 15. We will use switch values 0 and 1. Double-click on the Constant
block. Set the Constant value to 1 and the Sample time to inf .
Figure 22: Setting the Echo Delay Gain
3.2.13 Setting the Constant Data Type

Click on the Signal Data Types tab. Set the Output data type mode to int16. This is compatible with
the DAC on the C6713 DSK. Click on OK.
Figure 23: Data Type Conversion to 16-bit Integer
3.2.14 Setting the Relational Operator Type

Double click on the Relational Operator block. Change the Relational operator to ==. Click on the
Signal Data Types tab.
Figure 24: Changing the Relational Operator
3.2.15 Setting the Relational Operator Data Type

Set the Output data type mode to Boolean.
Figure 25: Changing the Output Data Type
3.2.16 Joining the Blocks

Move the blocks and join them as shown in the Figure below.
Figure 26: Joining the Blocks
3.2.17 Checking the Dyadic Analysis Filter Bank

Double click on the Dyadic Analysis Filter Bank block. The values of the Dyadic Analysis Filter Bank are
shown below. You do not need to change them yet. Click on OK.
Figure 27: Checking the Dyadic Analysis Filter Bank
3.2.18 Checking the Delay Alignment

The delay alignment is shown below, with dierent delay times for the dierent frequencies.
Figure 28: Checking the Delay Alignment
3.2.19 Checking the Soft Threshold

The Soft Threshold sets the threshold below which noise is ignored for each of the four channels. Zero
means no noise reduction.
Figure 29: Checking the Thresholds
3.2.20 Checking the Dyadic Synthesis

Double-click on the Dyadic Synthesis Filter Bank. There is no need to change the values at this time. Click
on OK when done.
Figure 30: Checking the Dyadic Synthesis Filter Bank
3.2.21 Returning to the Parent System

From the Toolbar, select the Up Arrow icon. This returns you to the next higher level.
Figure 31: Returning to the Parent System
3.3 Building the Model

3.3.1 Selecting Real-Time Workshop
Select Tools -> Real-Time Workshop -> Build Model.
Figure 32: Building the Model
3.3.2 The Completed Model Running on Code Composer Studio

From the folders on the left, select the source code for the project.
Figure 33: The Completed Model Running under Code Composer Studio
3.4 Dierent Settings on the C6713 DSK

3.4.1 Microphone Straight Through to Loudspeakers
To check out the microphone and loudspeakers, set the DIP switches on the C6713 DSK as follows:
Figure 34: Switch Position 0
The microphone is fed directly to the loudspeakers. There is no noise reduction.
3.4.2 Switch Position for Wavelet Noise Reduction

To run the Wavelet Noise Reduction subsystem, set the DIP switch to 1.
Figure 35: Switch Position 1 for Wavelet Noise Reduction
3.5 Modifying the Model

The next stage is to modify the model. We will change the wavelet type to Symlets.
3.5.1 Changing the Filter Type

Double-click on the Dyadic Analysis Filter Bank block. Change the Filter eld to Symlets. Click on
OK.
Figure 36: Dyadic Analysis Filter Bank set to Symlets
3.5.2 Updating the Dyadic Synthesis Filter Bank

The wavelet type should be the same as that used in the Dyadic Analysis Filter Bank. Double-click on the
Dyadic Synthesis Filter Bank block. Change the Filter eld to Symlets. Click on OK.
Figure 37: Conguring the Dyadic Synthesis Filter Bank
3.5.3 Building the Model

Select Tools -> Real-Time Workshop -> Build Model.
Figure 38: Building the Model
3.5.4 Running the Updated Model

Run the updated model and listen to the eect of using dierent lter types.
4 Some Things to Try
You may wish to experiment with dierent settings. Here are some suggestions.
4.1 Change the Wavelet Types

Inside the Dyadic Analysis Filter Bank are dierent wavelet types. Which are suitable for wavelet denoising
and which are not? Note: you will also have to alter the values used in the Dyadic Synthesis Filter Bank.
Figure 39: Available Wavelet Types
4.2 Change the Delay Alignment Times

Experiment with the delay alignment times. Try higher and lower values.
What is the eect of completely removing the Delay Alignment block?
4.3 Change the Noise Reduction Thresholds

In the Soft Threshold block, change the values. The existing vector of [3, 2, 1, 0] reduces high frequency
noise, but does not aect low frequencies.
4.4 Create Your Own Subsystem

Add your own subsystem block controlled by the DIP switches and add your own wavelet denoising algorithm.
Choose your own wavelet, number of channels, sampling frequency and thresholds.

Wavelet Denoising: Jacob Fainguelernt

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OpenStax-CNX module: m23011 1

Wavelets can be used in a range of applications, one of which is noise reduction.

1.3 Hardware and Software Requirements

• MATLAB R2006b with Embedded Target for TI C6000.

* Version 1.1: May 6, 2009 8:50 am -0500

1.4 Related Files

2.1 Simulink Model

2.1.1 Opening the Model

Figure 1: Opening WaveletDenoising.mdl

2.1.2 Running the Model

1 See the le at <http://cnx.org/content/m23011/latest/WaveletDenoising.ppt>

Figure 2: Wavelet Model Showing Color Coding

2.1.3 Scope Output

Figure 3: Scope Output

2.1.4 Monitoring the Dyadic Filter Outputs

Figure 4: Monitoring the Dyadic Filter Outputs

2.1.5 Analysis of Diadic Filter Outputs

Figure 5: Noise Levels at Dyadic Filter Outputs

2.1.6 Modifying the Dead Zone

Figure 6: Noise Levels at Dyadic Filter Outputs

Figure 7: Threshold only applied to Out1

2.1.7 Changing the Delay Alignment

Figure 8: Removing the Delay Alignments

Run the model to see the eect.

2.1.8 Summary of Simulation

3 Real-Time Model for TI C6713 DSK

3.1 Texas Instruments C6713 DSK Setup

Figure 9: Texas Instruments C6713 DSK Setup

3.2 Simulink Model for C6713 DSK

Figure 10: Startup Screen for Code Composer Studio (CCS)

3.2.2 Opening an Existing Model

Figure 11: Opening an Existing Demo

Click on Demos. The following screen will appear:

Figure 12: Selecting the Audio Demo Models

3.2.3 Viewing the Wavelet Denoising Parent

Figure 13: Wavelet Denoising Parent

3.2.4 The Original Wavelet Noise Reduction Algorithm

Figure 14: Wavelet Denoising Algorithm

3.2.5 Copying the Model

Figure 15: Copying the Model to the MATLAB Work directory

3.2.6 Overview of the Modied Model

Figure 16: The Modied Algorithm

3.2.7 Changing the Input to Microphone

Figure 17: Setting up the ADC for Microphone Input

3.2.8 The DAC Settings

Figure 18: Setting the DAC Parameters

3.2.9 Adding a DIP Switch and LED

3.2.10 DIP Switch Settings

Figure 20: Setting up the DIP Switch Value

3.2.11 Adding a Constant, Switch and Relational Operator

3.2.12 Setting the Constant Value

Figure 22: Setting the Echo Delay Gain

3.2.13 Setting the Constant Data Type

Figure 23: Data Type Conversion to 16-bit Integer

3.2.14 Setting the Relational Operator Type

Figure 24: Changing the Relational Operator

3.2.15 Setting the Relational Operator Data Type

Figure 25: Changing the Output Data Type

3.2.16 Joining the Blocks

Figure 26: Joining the Blocks

3.2.17 Checking the Dyadic Analysis Filter Bank

Figure 27: Checking the Dyadic Analysis Filter Bank

3.2.18 Checking the Delay Alignment

1 See the le at <http://cnx.org/content/m23011/latest/WaveletDenoising.ppt>

Run the model to see the eect.

Click on Demos. The following screen will appear:

Figure 15: Copying the Model to the MATLAB Work directory

3.2.6 Overview of the Modied Model

Figure 16: The Modied Algorithm

3.4 Dierent Settings on the C6713 DSK

Figure 37: Conguring the Dyadic Synthesis Filter Bank