ELEC5515

Gigabit Wireless Systems

School of Electrical and Information

Engineering
University of Sydney

Lecturer: Dr. Jeff Li

jeff@ee.usyd.edu.au

Tutor: Md. Farhad Hossain

mhos1557@mail.usyd.edu.au
Semester 2, 2010 ELEC5515 1
 Course Objective

Develop the firm understanding of the theory and practice
gigabit wireless systems.

Learn or enhance the knowledge of advanced wireless

communications theory

Develop the skills to design a solution based on a standard

specification.

Develop the skills to design the system models for

IEEE802.11AD specification.

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 Course Outline
1. Introduction and overview (chapter 1-3)
2. Channel and analogue front end I (chapter 4-6)
3. Channel and analogue front end II (chapter 7-9)
4. Modulation (chapter 10-11)
5. Demodulation (chapter 12)
6. Review and mid-session exam
7. Channel coding (chapter 14)
8. Equalization (chapter 16)
9. Multiple access (chapter 17-18)
10. OFDM (chapter 19)
11. MIMO (chapter 20)
12. Case study: IEEE802.11ad
13. Review for final exam

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 References
1. Text book: “Wireless Communications” by Andreas Molisch, 2005 John
Wiley and Sons, reprinted May 2007
2. IEEE P802.11ad™/D0.1 Draft Standard for Information Technology –
Telecommunications and Information Exchange Between Systems –
Local and Metropolitan Area Networks – Specific Requirements – Part 11:
Wireless LAN Medium Access Control (MAC) and Physical Layer (PHY)
Specifications – Amendment 6: Enhancements for Very High Throughput
in the 60GHz Band, June 2010
3. Other publications as required

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 Assessment

Open-book mid-session exam (30%)
 The 6th week

Project (30%)
 Matlab system modeling of IEEE802.11ad system
 Hand-in before the tutorial of week 13.

Open-book final exam (40%)
 Cover all lecture, assignment and project contents
 Date to be announced

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 How to survive this course

Nature of this course

 Require some math and engineering background
 Cover primarily PHY and MAC layers of gigabit wireless
systems
 Rich knowledge in advanced wireless communications.

Tip 1:You are encouraged to do private reading of the related
chapters in the text book before and after the lecture.

Tip 2: Attend all the tutorials. Some of the exam questions will be
highly related to the tutorial contents.

Tip 3: Read the IEEE802.11ad standard as soon as possible. The
project will be based on it, and you need to identify the ‘unknown’
earlier rather than later.

Expected workload is 9-10 hours per week for 13 weeks.
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 Copyright acknowledgement

It is acknowledged that the lecture notes may include

copyrighted materials.

No part of the of the lecture notes and other
documents supplied may be used for any other
purposes outside the scope of this unit of study,
unless granted by the original copyright owner.

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 Wireless Technology overview

Wireless personal area network (WPAN)

Wireless local area network (WLAN)

Wide area network (WAN)

Cellular network

Satellite network

Broadcasting network

Special mobile radio

This course focuses on gigabit WPAN and WLAN, and the project
is specifically based on IEEE802.11ad.

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 WPAN

Characterized by short distance (10 m), high data rate (Mbps to

Gbsp) and low mobility

Bluetooth
 originally designed to replace RS-232 data cables
 managed by the Bluetooth Special Interest Group (SIG)
 frequency hopping on 2.4 GHz unlicensed Industrial, Scientific
and Medical (ISM) band
 In basic rate (BR) mode, the modulation is Gaussian frequency-
shift keying (GFSK), at a gross data rate of 1 Mbps. In
extended data rate (EDR) π/4-DQPSK and 8DPSK are used,
giving 2 and 3 Mbps respectively.
 New developments may go up to 100s of Mbps.

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 WPAN

IEEE802.15 WPAN
 802.15.1 = Bluetooth™ v1.1
 802.15.2-2003 IEEE Recommended Practice for Telecommunications
and Information exchange between systems – Local and metropolitan
area networks Specific Requirements - Part 15.2: Coexistence of
Wireless Personal Area Networks with Other Wireless Devices
Operating in Unlicensed Frequency Band
 The P802.15.3™ Draft Standard for Telecommunications and
Information Exchange Between Systems - LAN/MAN Specific
Requirements - Part 15.3: Wireless Medium Access Control (MAC)
and Physical Layer (PHY) Specs for High Rate Wireless Personal
Area Networks (WPAN)
 802.15.3a: unsuccessful effort to standardize ultra wideband (UWB)
 802.15.3b: an amendment to 802.15.3 to improve implementation and
interoperability of the MAC.
 802.15.3c: Gigabit Millimeter Wave (60 GHz) Alternative PHY

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 WPAN

IEEE802.15 WPAN (Cont)
 802.15.4 (Zigbee)
 Data rates of 250, 40 and 20 kbps.
 802.15.4a: UWB Impulse Radio (operating in unlicensed UWB spectrum) and
a Chirp Spread Spectrum (operating in unlicensed 2.4GHz spectrum).
 802.15.4b: was chartered to create a project for specific enhancements and
clarifications to the IEEE 802.15.4-2003 standard, such as resolving
ambiguities, reducing unnecessary complexity, increasing flexibility in security
key usage, considerations for newly available frequency allocations, and others.
 802.15.4c: This PHY amendment is to address the Chinese regulatory changes
which have opened the 314-316 MHz, 430-434 MHz, and 779-787 MHz bands
for Wireless PAN use within China.
 802.15.4d: new PHY and such changes to the MAC as are necessary to support
a new frequency allocation (950MHz -956MHz) in Japan.
 802.15.4e is chartered to define a MAC amendment to the existing standard
802.15.4-2006. The intent of this amendment is to enhance and add
functionality to the 802.15.4-2006 MAC to a) better support the industrial
markets and b) permit compatibility with modifications being proposed within
the Chinese WPAN.
 802.15.4f: Active radio frequency identification (RFID) system

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 WPAN

IEEE802.15 WPAN (Cont)
 802.15.4g: Smart (grid) utility networks
 802.15.5: Mesh Networking
 802.15.6: Body Area Networks
 802.15.7: Visible Light Communication
 Future: Terahertz Interest Group (IGthz)

Other WPAN
 ZigBee (system based on 802.15.4)
 Wibree (proposed by Nokia and merged into Bluetooth)
 Wireless USB (based on the WiMedia Alliance's OFDM UWB)
 UWB
 impulse radio
 OFDM version by WiMedia transferred to Bluetooth
 6loWPAN (IPv6 over Low power WPAN)
 ONE-NET (low power wireless optimized for residential and small
business control applications)

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 WLAN

100m operating space, security and QOS

IEEE802.11 WLAN (Wi-Fi)
 The most successful set of WLAN standard
 IEEE 802.11 (1997): 1 and 2 Mbps, 2.4 GHz radio frequency (RF) and infrared
 IEEE 802.11a (1999): up to 54 Mbps, 5 GHz, OFDM
 IEEE 802.11b (1999): up to 11 Mbps, 2.4 GHz, direct sequence spread spectrum
 IEEE 802.11c(2001): Bridge operation procedures; included in the IEEE 802.1D standard
 IEEE 802.11d (2001): International (country-to-country) roaming extensions
 IEEE 802.11e (2005): Enhancements to quality of service (QoS)
 IEEE 802.11f (2003): Inter-Access Point Protocol, withdrawn in 2006
 IEEE 802.11g (2003): 54 Mbps, 2.4 GHz standard (backwards compatible with b) a + b =
g
 IEEE 802.11h (2004): Spectrum Managed 802.11a (5 GHz) for European compatibility
 IEEE 802.11i (2004): Enhanced security
 IEEE 802.11j (2004): Extensions for Japan
 IEEE 802.11-2007: A new release of the standard that includes amendments a, b, d, e, g, h,
i & j.
 IEEE 802.11k (2008): Radio resource measurement enhancements
 IEEE 802.11n (2009): MIMO (multiple input, multiple output antennas) OFDM, 2.4/5
GHz, up to 600 Mbps
 IEEE 802.11p (2010): WAVE—Wireless Access for the Vehicular Environment, such as
intelligent transport system (ITS)
Semester 2, 2010 ELEC5515 13
 WLAN

IEEE802.11 WLAN (Wi-Fi) (Cont)
 IEEE 802.11r: Fast BSS transition (FT) Working "Task Group r" (2008)
 IEEE 802.11s: Mesh Networking, Extended Service Set (ESS) (working—September
2010)
 IEEE 802.11T: Wireless Performance Prediction (WPP)—test methods and metrics
Recommendation cancelled
 IEEE 802.11u: Interworking with non-802 networks (for example, cellular) (working—
September 2010)
 IEEE 802.11v: Wireless network management
 IEEE 802.11w: Protected Management Frames
 IEEE 802.11y: 3650–3700 MHz Operation in the U.S.
 IEEE 802.11z: Extensions to Direct Link Setup (DLS)
 IEEE 802.11aa: Robust streaming of Audio Video Transport Streams
 IEEE 802.11mb: Maintenance of the standard. Will become 802.11-2011.
 IEEE 802.11ac: Very High Throughput <6 GHz; potential improvements over 802.11n
 IEEE 802.11ad: Very High Throughput 60 GHz
 IEEE 802.11ae: QoS Management
 IEEE 802.11af: TV Whitespace

HiperLAN: European effort

The project of this course focuses on 802.11ad

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 Challenges in Wireless Communications

Wireless channel is an unpredictable and difficult communications medium.

Radio spectrum is a scarce resource and can be very expensive. It must be
used extremely efficiently.
 Coexistence, cognitive radio

Security is difficult to implement: without the physical security.

Wireless networking has to address mobility.

Interfacing between wireless and wired networks: many standards and
systems with different performance capabilities.
 Interoperability

Throughput and other QoS
 Cross-layer design and optimization.

Miniaturization: system on chip or multiple systems on chip

Cost, power, form factor, reliability and adaptability
 Software defined radio (SDR)

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 Multiple Access Technologies

Duplexing techniques
-- Frequency division duplexing (FDD)
-- Time division duplexing (TDD)

Multiple access techniques
 FDMA
 TDMA
 CDMA
 SDMA
 OFDMA

FDMA/FDD system , TDMA/FDD system…

Distributed media access control (MAC) used
in WPAN and WLAN

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Generations of Terrestrial Commercial Wireless Systems

First Generation (1G): Analog, voice only, mostly vehicular

communications, FM

Second Generation (2G): Narrowband TDMA and CDMA, voice and
low data rate, portable units

2.5G : increased data transmission capabilities

Third Generation (3G): Wideband CDMA, voice and high data rate,
portable units

Fourth Generation (4G): all-IP packet-switched networks, mobile
ultra-broadband (up to 1 gigabit speed) access and multi-carrier
transmission.

Semester 2, 2010 ELEC5515 17

Cellular Concept
Basic Principles

Frequency reuse, first proposed by Bell
Laboratories in 1947

Geographic region divided into cells

Frequency/timeslots/codes/ reused at
spatially-separated locations.

Co-channel interference between same
color cells.

Base stations/MTSOs coordinate
handoff and control functions

Shrinking cell size increases capacity,
as well as networking burden

Cell splitting

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1G - Analog Technology

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 2G - Digital Technology

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Summary of 2.5G Mobile Radio Networks

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 Migration to 3G

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 Migration to 3G

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 3G+ Wimax (802.16)

Wide area wireless network standard
 System architecture similar to cellular
 Hopes to compete with cellular

OFDM/MIMO is core link technology

Operates in 2.5 and 3.5 GHz bands
 Different for different countries, 5.8 GHz also used.
 Bandwidth is 3.5-10 MHz

Fixed (802.16d) vs. Mobile (802.16e) Wimax
 Fixed: 75 Mbps max, up to 50 mile cell radius
 Mobile: 15 Mbps max, up to 1-2 mile cell radius
 Compete with 3GPP LTE
 4G LTE-advanced, up to 1 Gbps

Semester 2, 2010 ELEC5515 24

 Spectrum Regulation

Spectral Allocation in US controlled by FCC (commercial) or OSM
(defense)

FCC auctions spectral blocks for set applications.

Some spectrum set aside for universal use

Worldwide spectrum controlled by ITU-R

Regulation is a necessary evil.

Innovations in regulation being considered worldwide, including

underlays, overlays, and cognitive radios

Semester 2, 2010 ELEC5515 25

 Standards

Interacting systems require standardization

Companies want their systems adopted as standard
 Alternatively try for de-facto standards

Standards determined by TIA/CTIA in US
 IEEE standards often adopted
 Process fraught with inefficiencies and conflicts

Worldwide standards determined by ITU-T
 In Europe, ETSI is equivalent of IEEE

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 Tutorial and homework

1. Review lecture notes and conduct your own research

for the terms or systems that are new to you.
2. Read chapter 1, 2 and 3.
3. Read FCC regulation “Part 15 - Radio frequency
devices”, and specifically section 15.255 “Operation
within the band 57-64 GHz”.
4. Review the link budget in example 3.1 and 3.2 in the
text book and explain how it can be used in a 60 GHz
radio system budget.

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