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22 1509086745 - 27-10-2017 PDF
22 1509086745 - 27-10-2017 PDF
22 1509086745 - 27-10-2017 PDF
Radiation Effects on MHD Natural Convection Heat Transfer Flow from Spirally
Enhanced Wavy Channel through a Porous Medium
Abstract – The objective of this paper is to study the radiation effects on magnetohydrodynamic natural convection heat transfer flow from
spirally enhanced wavy channel through a porous medium and a smooth flat wall. A uniform magnetic field is assumed to be applied normal to
the insulating walls of the channel. The governing equations of the flow field are solved nu using regular perturbation technique subject to the
appropriate boundary conditions. The solution of the mean part and total solution of the problem have been evaluated analytically for various
parameters pertaining to the problem and are presented graphically.
Key Words: Free Convection, MHD, Radiation, Chemical reaction, Heat source/ sink
__________________________________________________*****_________________________________________________
T Ts C Cw u u 2u 2u
, Tw Ts 0, C , Cw Cs 0 u v P Ps 2 2
Tw Ts Cw Cs x y x x y (14)
d2 B02 d 2 4d 2 I M a u Gr GmC
, K wd , M 2
2 2
a2 , R
k KT
Qd 2 C p III. SOLUTION OF THE PROBLEM
, Pr , , We assume that the solution consists of a mean part and
KT Tw Ts KT d perturbed part so that the velocity, temperature and
concentration distributions are
T1 Ts C1 Cs
Sc , mT , mC u x, y u0 y u1 x, y
d Tw Ts Cw Cs
v x, y v1 x, y
dg x Tw Ts B02 d 2
Gr , M 2
P x, y P0 y P1 x, y
2 (15)
x, y 0 y 1 x, y
In view of the above non-dimensional variables, the basic
field equations (1) - (5) can be expressed in the non- C x, y C0 y C1 x, y
dimensional form as
where the perturbed quantities u1 , v1 , P1 ,1 are small
u v compared with the mean or the zeroth order quantities.
0 (7) Substituting the above Equation (15) into the Equations (7) -
x y (11) and equating the harmonic and non-harmonic terms and
u u p 2u 2u neglecting the higher order terms of, we obtain the
u v 2 2 M 2 a 2 u (8) following set of equations:
x y x x y
v v p 2v 2v The zeroth-order equations
u v 2 2 (9) d 2u0
x y y x y
2
M 2 a 2 u0 Gr0 GmC0 K p (16)
dy
2 2
Pr u v R (10) d 20
x y x 2 y 2 R0 R (17)
dy 2
C C 2C 2C
Sc u v KrSc C (11) d 2C0
x y x 2 y 2 KrSc C0 0 (18)
dy 2
The corresponding boundary conditions are
u0 0,0 1, C0 1 on y0
u 0, v 0, 1, C 1 on y cos x u0 0,0 mT , C0 mC on y 1 (19)
u 0, v 0, mT , C mC on y 1 (12)
In the static fluid we have The first-order equations,
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International Journal on Future Revolution in Computer Science & Communication Engineering ISSN: 2454-4248
Volume: 3 Issue: 10 130 – 140
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u1 v1
0 (20)
1 x, y ei x , y
x y
1 x, y ei x t , y (30)
u u P 2u 2u
u0 1 v1 0 1 21 21 C1 x, y ei x , y
x y x x y (21)
(Perturbation series expansion for small wave length λ in
M a u1 Gr1 GmC1
2
which terms of exponential order arise) from which we infer
that
v1 P1 2v1 2v1 u1 x, y ei x , y
u0 (22)
x y x 2 y 2
v1 x, y i ei x , y
d 2 2
Pr u0 1 v1 0 21 21 R1 (23) In view of the above
x y x y
C dc 2C 2C i u0 2 2 2 2
iv
Sc u0 1 v1 0 21 21 KrScC1 (24)
x y x y (31)
In deriving the first equation in (19) the constant pressure
gradient term 2 KrSc Sci u C (33)
0 0
Where K p P0 Ps is taken to be zero Vajravelu where the primes denote differentiation with respect to y
x The boundary condition (26) can now be written in terms
and Sasatri [19], and a prime denotes differentiation with
respect to y . of 1
1
u0 , 1 0
To solve the equations (21) - (24) we introduce the
on y0
following similarity transformations y x
1 1 1 (34)
u1 and v1 (26) 0, 1 0 on y 1
y x y x
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International Journal on Future Revolution in Computer Science & Communication Engineering ISSN: 2454-4248
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1iv M 2 a 2 1 i u0 0 u0 0 (39)
Nu
y
0 y ei x1 y
1 KrSc1 iSc u00 C0 0 (41)
The dimensional Sherwood number Sh is given by
Sh
C
C0 y ei xC1 y
2iv M 2 a 2 2 i u0 0 u0 1 (42)
y
Shy 0 m6 B1 m5 B2 m8 B4 m7 B5
Grt2 Gm2 Shy 1 m6 B1em6 m5 B2em5 m8 B4em8 m7 B5e m7
t2 Rt2 i Pr u0t1 0 1 t0 (43)
Appendix
2 KrSc2 iSc u01 1C0 0 (44) m1 m3 R , m2 m4 R
The corresponding boundary conditions are m5 m7 KrSc , m6 m8 KrSc
0 u0 , 0 0, t0 0 , 0 C0 on y 0 m9 M 2 a 2 , m10 M 2 a 2
0 0, 0 0, t0 0, 0 0 on y 1
(45)
The other constants not shown to brave the space
j 0, j 0, t j 0, j 0 on y 0 for j 0
IV. RESULTS AND DISCUSSIONS
j 0, j 0, t j 0, j 0 on y 1
(46) The results of the numerical evaluations at various values of
y are displayed in figures (2) – (8) for some dimensionless
The solutions of above ordinary differential equations with
respect to the boundary conditions (45) and (46) are mean solution (zeroth-order u0 , 0 correspond to fully
u y A1e m1 y A2e m2 y A3 A4e m5 y A5e m6 y A6 developed mean flow; applicable to the case of a channel
whose walls are both flat), first-order ( v1 , 1 arising out of
A7 em10 y A8e m9 y A19 y A18e m9 y A15e m10 y small roughness of a wall of the channel) and the total
A9em3 y A10e m4 y A11em7 y A12e m8 y dimensionless u u0 u1 velocity profiles. We have
computed the numerical values of velocity, temperature,
v y A21 y 2 A22e m9 y A23e m10 y A24e m3 y skin friction and Nusselt number for cooling of the wall
R 0 increases across the channel width with in the Figures (13) to (14) show the behaviour of the fluid cross
presence of heat generation. It is clear from figure (3) and velocity v perpendicular to the channel length for the effect
(4) that with an increase in the thermal Grashof number of buoyancy R 0 and combined effect of buoyancy
Gm and Grashof number Gr the magnitude of the
and radiation respectively when mC 1.0 and mT 2.0
zeroth order fluid velocity u0 increases across the entire each for different values of heat absorption and chemical
channel width. Figure (5) depict the variation of zeroth order reaction parameter. It is evident that the v is affected
velocity profiles u0 against for different values of chemical (enhanced) significantly by the changes in heat absorption
and chemical reaction parameter we noticed that as the heat
reaction parameter for fixed values of other parameters. It is
generation parameter is increased v diminishes sharply and
observed that, increasing the value of chemical reaction
results decreases the velocity and concentration in the remains negative throughout the channel width. the reverse
boundary layer. This is due to fact that destructive chemical effect observed in chemical reaction parameter.
reaction reduces the solutal boundary layer thickness and
increase the mass transfer. Figure (6) depicts the zeroth Figures (15) and (16) illustrate the behaviour of the total
order velocity distribution u0 for different values of fluid temperature 0 1 when the wall temperature
magnetic parameter. It observed that the zeroth order ratio mT 1.0 in case under study for different values of
velocity decreases with increasing in magnetic parameter. heat absorption and radiation parameter. It is obvious that
The influence of Schmidt number on the zeroth order
from as the heat absorption is increased the temperature
velocity profiles are plotted in figure (7). The Schmidt
diminished sharply and positive throughout the width of the
number embodies the ratio of momentum to the mass
channel and the reverse effect observed in radiation
diffusitivity. The Schmidt number therefore quantities the
parameter.
relative effectiveness of momentum and mass transport by
diffusion in the hydrodynamic (velocity) boundary layers.
The variations in the total concentration profiles
As the Schmidt number increases the velocity increases.
Figure (8) shows the zeroth order velocity distribution for C C0 C1 when the wall temperature ratio
different values of radiation parameter. It is observed that
the zeroth order velocity distribution increases when the
mC 1.0 for different values of Schmidt number and
radiation parameter increases. chemical reaction parameter are clearly observed in figures
(17) and (18). It is obvious that the concentration decrease
Figures (9) illustrate the behaviour of the fluid mean with increase in Schmidt number and chemical reaction.
temperature 0 with changes in heat absorption
Figures (19) to (23) describe the behaviour of the total fluid
when mT 1.0 , curves and mT 2.0 , curves for non- velocity u u0 u1 when the wall temperature ratio
radiating and radiating respectively. From figure (9) it is
evident that for all values of heat absorption, the fluid mC 1.0 and mT 2.0 respectively under the effect of
temperature 0 in the in absence of thermal radiation buoyancy effect R 0 . Increasing values of the radiation
R 1.0 while it is parabolic in nature curves increases parameter, heat absorption parameter, Grashof number,
chemical reaction parameter and Magnetic parameter
for its radiating counterpart with mT 1.0, 2.0 . Also enhance the total velocity considerably. In figures (19) to
superimposed on it there are parabolic distributions that are (22), it is evident that the total velocity is increasing
due to the presence of heat generation/absorption for the two function of increasing R, , Gm, Kr . But in the figure
cases under consideration. Form figure (10) shows the mean (23) the reverse effect observed in magnetic parameter.
temperature distribution 0 against y for different values of Figures (24) and (25) show the local skin friction coefficient
radiation parameter, it is evident that for all values of, the for different values of and at y 0 and y 1 keeping
fluid temperature decreases at 5.0 but the all the parameters fixed. From the figure (24) we see that for
temperature is the exact opposite of that observed in the case fixed Gr at y 0 , increase as increases. On the
of 5.0 . The effect of radiation is to increase the rate of other hand as Gr increases skin friction coefficient has no
effect at y 1 , against in figure (25). Figure (26) and
energy transport to the gas, thereby increasing the
temperature of the gas.
(27) describe the behaviour of rate of heat transfer
135
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International Journal on Future Revolution in Computer Science & Communication Engineering ISSN: 2454-4248
Volume: 3 Issue: 10 130 – 140
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Nu with changes in the values of and mC at y 0 The Nusselt number changes in the same direction
as heat source, but presence of heat source is
and y 1 . It is observed from these figures that the Nusselt responsible to reduce the recovery factor.
number increases due to increases in the heat source
parameter at y 0 and decreases the heat source References
[1] D Ch Kesavaiah and S Venkataramana: “A study of some
parameter at y 1 of the walls. Figure (28) and (29) convective flows with heat transfer effects”, Ph D Thesis,
describe the behaviour of Sherwood number Sh with Sri Venkateswara University, Tirupathi, AP, India, 2011
[2] Chaudhary and Tara Chand: “Effect of injection through
changes in the values of Kr and mC at y 0 and y 1 . It one side of a long vertical channel embedded in porous
is observed from these figures that the Sherwood number medium with transpiration cooling”, Bull. Cal. Math. Soc.,
decreases due to increases in the chemical reaction vol.96, No.1, pp.65-70, 2004
parameter of the both walls. [3] Ching-Yang Cheng: “Combined heat and mass transfer in
natural convection flow from a vertical wavy surface in a
Conclusions power-law fluid saturated porous medium with thermal and
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and Mass Transfer 36, pp. 351–356, 2009
When the Grashof number Gr 0 , the nature of [4] A C Cogley, W G Vincenti and S E Gilles: “Differential
radiation is to increase the mean velocity and when approximation for radiative transfer in a nongray gas near
Gr 0 then the nature of radiation is to decrease equilibrium”, AIAAJ, Vol. 6, No. 3, pp. 551-556, 1968
the mean velocity. [5] B Devika, P V Satya Narayana and S Venkataramana:
When the Grashof number Gr 0 , the inclusion “Chemical reaction effects on MHD free convection flow
of heat source reduces the mean velocity and when in an irregular channel with porous medium”, International
Gr 0 then the inclusion of heat source increases Journal of Mathematical Archive, 4 (4), pp. 282-295, 2013
[6] A Ebaid: “Effects of magnetic field and wall slip conditions
the mean velocity.
on the peristaltic transport of a Newtonian fluid in an
Inclusion of radiation increases and inclusion of
asymmetric channel”, Phys. Letters, A Vol. 372, pp. 4493-
heat source reduces the zeroth order temperature.
4499, 2008
The nature of radiation is to decrease the perturbed
[7] P F Fasogbon: “Convection-radiation interaction in
velocity and secondary velocity for Gr 0 and to
buoyancy-induced channel flow”, Global J. Pure and Appl.
increase these velocities when Gr 0 . Math, Vol. 2, No. 2, pp. 133-146, 2006
The nature of heat source is to increase the [8] R Grief, I S Habib and J C Lin: “Laminar convection of a
perturbed velocity and secondary velocity for radiating gas in a vertical channel”, J. Fluid Mech., Vol. 46,
Gr 0 and to decrease these velocities No. 3, pp.513-520, 1971.
when Gr 0 . [9] R Muthuraj, S Srinivas, K Nirmala: “ MHD flow of a
Presence of heat source increases the first order couple-stress fluid and a viscous fluid in a vertical wavy
temperature near the wall y 1.0 and after a porous space with travelling thermal waves and
temperature-dependent heat source”, Heat Transfer – Asian
point where y 0.4 this temperature decreases Research, 43 (2), 2014
with the increase of heat source. [10] Rehena Nasrin: “Mixed magneto convection in a lid-
Existence of radiation reduces the first order driven cavity with a sinusoidal wavy wall and a central heat
temperature near the wall y 1.0 and after a conducting body”, Journal of Naval Architecture and
point where y 0.4 this temperature increases Marine Engineering, 7, pp. 13-24, 2010
[11] P V Satya Narayan: “Effect of variable permeability and
the increase of radiation.
radiation absorption on magnetohydrodynamic (MHD)
When Gr 0 , the nature of radiation is to reduce mixed convective flow in a vertical wavy channel with
the skin friction at the wall y 1 , y 1 and to travelling thermal waves”, Propulsion and Power Research,
increase the skin friction at wall y 1 , but when 4 (3), pp. 150-160, 2015
S S Takhar and H Kumar: “Heat transfer with radiation in
Gr 0 the results are opposite to previous [12]
MHD free convection flow confined between a vertical
statement.
wavy wall and a flat wall”. Bulletin of Pure and Applied
When Gr 0 , the inclusion of heat source Mathematics, 1(2), pp.126-140, 2007
increases the skin friction at the wall y 1 and [13] J C Umavathi, J Prathap Kumar and M Shekar: “Mixed
it is decreased at the wall y 1 , but when convective flow of immiscible viscous fluids confined
Gr 0 the results are opposite to previous between a long vertical wavy wall and a parallel flat wall”,
International Journal of Engineering, Science and
statement.
Technology, Vol. 2, No. 6, pp. 256-277, 2010
Presence of radiation gives a decrement to Nusselt
[14] K Vajravelu and K S Sastri: “Free convective heat transfer
number and increment to recovery factor.
in a viscous incompressible fluid confined between a long
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International Journal on Future Revolution in Computer Science & Communication Engineering ISSN: 2454-4248
Volume: 3 Issue: 10 130 – 140
_______________________________________________________________________________________________
vertical wavy wall and a parallel flat wall”, J. Fluid Mech.,
1.6
Vol. 86, No. 2, pp. 365-383, 1978
[15] U N Das: “Free convective MHD flow and heat transfer in 1.4
u0
[16]
0.6
temperature dependent heat source in a viscous
0.4
incompressible fluid confined between a long vertical wavy Kr=1.0,2.0,3.0,4.0
wall and a parallel flat wall”, Def. Sci. J, Vol.54, pp.2-9, 0.2
Sc=0.6,mT=2.0, =5.0,R=1.0,a=1.0
2004 0 Gm=10.0,M=2.0,Gr=10.0,mC=1.0
-0.2
0 0.2 0.4 0.6 0.8 1
2
y
Figure (5): Zeroth-order velocity distribution for different values of Kr
5
1.5
M=1.0,2.0,3.0,4.0
4
1
3
u0
0.5
u0
2
=5.0,10.0,15.0,20.0
0
Sc=0.60,mT=2.0,R=1.0,Kr=1.0,a=1.0 1
Gm=10.0, M=2.0, Gr=10.0,mC=1.0
-0.5 0
0 0.2 0.4 0.6 0.8 1 Sc=0.65, mT=2.0, =15.0, Kr=1.0
y Gm=10.0,R=1.0,Gr=10.0,mC=1.0
Figure (2): Zeroth-order velocity distribution for different values of -1
0 0.2 0.4 0.6 0.8 1
y
Figure (6): Zeroth-order velocity distribution for different values of M
4
3.5
0.8
3
0.7
2.5
0.6
2
u0
0.5
1.5
Gm=5.0,10.0,15.0,20.0 0.4
u0
1
0.3
Sc=0.60,mT=2.0,R=1.0,Kr=1.0,a=1.0 Sc=0.6,0.8,1.0,1.2
0.5
=10.0, M=2.0, Gr=10.0, m =1.0
C 0.2
0
0.1
-0.5 mT=2.0, =5.0,R=1.0,Kr=1.0,a=1.0
0 0.2 0.4 0.6 0.8 1
0 Gm=10.0,M=2.0,Gr=10.0,mC=1.0
y
Figure (3): Zeroth-order velocity distribution for different values of Gm
-0.1
0 0.2 0.4 0.6 0.8 1
y
7
Figure (7): Zeroth-order velocity distribution for different values of Sc
6
3.5
5
3 R=1.0,2.0,3.0,4.0
4
2.5
u0
3
2
2
u0
1.5
1 Gr=5.0,10.0,15.0,20.0
1
0 Sc=0.65,mT=2.0, =10.0,R=1.0,a=1.0
Kr=5.0, Gm=10.0, M=2.0, mC=1.0 0.5
Sc=0.60, mT=2.0, Gm=10.0, Kr=1.0
-1
0 0.2 0.4 0.6 0.8 1 0 a=1.0, =10.0,M=2.0,Gr=10.0,mC=1.0
y
Figure (4): Zeroth-order velocity distribution for different values of Gr -0.5
0 0.2 0.4 0.6 0.8 1
y
Figure (8): Zeroth-order velocity distribution for different values of R
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International Journal on Future Revolution in Computer Science & Communication Engineering ISSN: 2454-4248
Volume: 3 Issue: 10 130 – 140
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-4
x 10
3 5
1.5 2
1
1
mT = 2.0
0
V
0
0.5
-1
0
=5.0,10.0,15.0,20.0
-2
-0.5
-3
-1 =-5.0,0,5.0,10.0
mT = -1.0 -4
-1.5
0 0.2 0.4 0.6 0.8 1 -5
y 0 0.2 0.4 0.6 0.8 1
Figure (9): Zeroth-order Temperature profiles for different values of y
Figure(13): Cross velocity profiles for different values of
2.5 x 10
-4
mT=2.0 10
2 Sc=0.60, mT=2.0, R=1.0, =5.0,a=1.0
8 Gm=10.0, M=2.0, Gr=10.0,mC=1.0
1.5
6
1 R=1.0,2.0,3.0,4.0
4
0
0.5
V
0 2
mT= -1.0
-0.5 0
-1 = - 5.0
-2 Kr=1.0,2.0,3.0,4.0
-1.5
0 0.2 0.4 0.6 0.8 1
-4
y 0 0.2 0.4 0.6 0.8 1
Figure (10): Zeroth-order temparature profiles for different values of R y
Figure(14): Cross velocity profiles for different values of Kr
1
1.2
Sc=0.65, mC=1.0 mT=1.0, =0.002, =5.0
0.95 1.18
Kr=1.0,2.0,3.0,4.0
1.16
0.9 1.14
C0
1.12
0.85 1.1
1.08
0.8 1.06
1.04
0.99 1.15
0.98
mT=1.0, =0.002,R=1.0 =5.0,10.0,15.0,20.0
0.97
0.96 Sc=0.2,0.4,0.6,0.8
1.1
C0
0.95
0.94
0.93
1.05
0.92 Kr=1.0,mC=1.0
0.91
0.9
0 0.2 0.4 0.6 0.8 1
y
1
Figure (12): Concentration profiles for different values of Sc 0 0.2 0.4 0.6 0.8 1
y
Figure (16): Temperature profiles for different values of
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International Journal on Future Revolution in Computer Science & Communication Engineering ISSN: 2454-4248
Volume: 3 Issue: 10 130 – 140
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1.02 1.4
Kr=1.0, =0.001
1 1.2
Sc=0.2,0.4,0.6,0.8
1
0.98
0.8
C
0.96
u
Gm=5.0,10.0,15.0,20.0
0.6
0.94
0.4
Sc=0.60,mT=2.0, =5.0, =0.002,Kr=1.0
0.92 a=1.0, R=1.0, M=2.0,Gr=10.0, mC=1.0
0.2
0.9 0
0 0.2 0.4 0.6 0.8 1 0 0.2 0.4 0.6 0.8 1
y y
Figure (17): Concentration profiles for different values of Sc Figure (21): Velocity profiels for different values of Gm
1.05 0.35
Sc=0.65, =0.001 Kr=1.0,2.0,3.0,4.0
1 0.3
Kr=1.0,2.0,3.0,4.0
0.95 0.25
0.9 0.2
C
0.85 u 0.15
0.8 0.1
0.7 0
0 0.2 0.4 0.6 0.8 1 0 0.2 0.4 0.6 0.8 1
y y
Figure (18): Concentration profiles for different values of Kr Figure (22): Velocity profiles for different values of Kr
0.25 4
0.2 3.5
Sc=0.60,mT=2.0,Gm=10.0, =0.002,Kr=1.0
0.15 Sc=0.60,mT=2.0, =5.0, =0.002,Gm=10.0
a=1.0, =10.0, M=2.0, Gr=10.0, mC=1.0 3 a=1.0, R=1.0, Kr=1.0, Gr=10.0, mC=1.0
0.1
2.5
0.05
u
2
u
0
1.5
-0.05
-0.1 R= 1.0,5.0,10.0,15.0 1
-0.15 0.5
M=1.0,2.0,3.0,4.0
-0.2
0 0.2 0.4 0.6 0.8 1 0
0 0.2 0.4 0.6 0.8 1
y
y
Figure (19): Velocity profiles for different values of R
Figure (23): Velocity profiles for different values of M
6
2.5
=1.0,2.0,3.0,4.0
4
Sc=0.60,mT=2.0,Gm=10.0, =0.002,Kr=1.0
2
a=1.0, R=1.0, M=2.0, Gr=10.0, mC=1.0
2
1.5
0
u
1 -2
Sc=0.60, mT=1.0, mC=1.0, Kr=5.0
Gm=10.0,a=1.0,M=1.0, =0.02,R=1.0
-4
0.5
= -5.0,10.0,15.0,20.0
-6
1 1.5 2 2.5 3 3.5 4 4.5 5
0 Gr
0 0.2 0.4 0.6 0.8 1 Figure (24): Skin friction for versus Gr at y=0
y
Figure (20): Velocity profiles for different values of
139
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International Journal on Future Revolution in Computer Science & Communication Engineering ISSN: 2454-4248
Volume: 3 Issue: 10 130 – 140
_______________________________________________________________________________________________
0 0
-10
-0.5
-20
=0.001,Sc=0.60
-30 =1.0,2.0,3.0,4.0 -1
Sh
-1.5
Kr=3.0,Gm=10.0,a=1.0,M=5.0, =0.02
-50
-2
-60
-80
1 1.5 2 2.5 3 3.5 4 4.5 5 -3
Gr 0 0.2 0.4 0.6 0.8 1
Figure (25): Skin friction for versus Gr at y=1 mc
Figure (29): Sherwood number Kr versus mc at y=1
6 =1.0,2.0,3.0,4.0
5
Nu
1
Pr,=0.76, R=1.0, =0.002
0
0 0.5 1 1.5 2 2.5 3 3.5 4
mT
Figure (26) : Nusselt number for versus mT at y=0
2
R=1.0, Pr=0.76, =0.002
1
0
Nu
-1
-2
-3
-4
=1.0,2.0,3.0,4.0
-5
0 0.5 1 1.5 2 2.5 3 3.5 4
mT
Figure (27): Nusselt number versus mT at y=1
-0.2
-0.4
-0.6 =0.001,Sc=0.60
-0.8
Sh
-1
-1.2
-1.4
-1.6 Kr=1.0,2.0,3.0,4.0
-1.8
0 0.2 0.4 0.6 0.8 1
mc
Figure (28): Sherwood number Kr versus mc at y=0
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IJFRCSCE | October 2017, Available @ http://www.ijfrcsce.org
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