pea et ‘ ao . Mi Introduction’ Taree Punse Inpuvction Morog 201s Basie Electrical Engineering 11-2 Three Phase Induction Motor * An electric motor which operates on a.c. supply is called a.c. motor. * As ac. supply is commonly available, the ac. motors are very popularly used in practice. * The ac. motors are classified as single and three phase induction motors, synchronous motors and some special purpose motors. © Out of all these types, three phase induction motors are widely used for various industrial applications. © The important advantages of three phase induction motors over other types are self starting property, no need of starting, device, higher power factor, good speed regulation and robust construction. je Rotating Magnetic Feta / E tap eecsre ones > What is rgtating magnetic field ? Whet is the speed of rotating magnetic field ? USP Jan.-03, 05, 07, 10; July-03, 05, 06, 08, Marks 4 Three phase induction motor works on the principle of rotating magnetic field (RM.F). © The rotating magnetic field can be defined as the field or flux having constant amplitude but whose axis is continuously retating in a plane with a certain speed. © In three phase induction motors such a rotating magnetic field is produced by supplying currents to a set of three phase stationary windings, with the help of three phase a.c. supply. © The current carrying windings produce the magnetic field or flux. The three phase stator winding produces three alternating fluxes which are seperated from each other by 120°. * Due to interaction of three fluxes produced due to three phase supply, resultant flux has a constant magnitude and its axis rotating in space, without physically rotating the windings a) The ‘resultant of the: three aliemating foxes, separated ‘from’ each other ‘by 120%, has_a constant amplitude of 1.5 where Oy is maximum sine of & “by! the reulant alvays keeps! ‘on rotating with TECHNICAL PUBLICATIONS”. An up thrust for knowod9® xRasic Electrical Engineering 11-3 Three Phase Induction Motor * There exists a fixed relation between frequency fof ac. supply to the windings, the number of poles P for which winding is wound and speed N rp.m. of rotating magnetic field. © For a standard frequency whatever speed of RMF results 1s called synchronous speed. in case of induction motors. It is denoted as N. N " where Supply frequency in Hz Number of poles for which winding is wound. 3 " ‘© The direction of rotating magnetic field depends on the phase sequence of the three phase supply ©. By interchanging any two terminals of three phase winding while connecting it to =. three phase a.c. supply, direction of rotation of RMF. gets reversed. © Thus by changing the supply phase sequence, the direction of three phase induction motor can be reversed. a 4 EE! © Gonstructio: «Basically, the induction motor consists of two main parts, namely 1. The part 1e. three phase windings, which is stationary called stator. 2. The part which rotates and is connected to the mechanical load through shatt called rotor. a rotor. Hence + The conversion of electrical power to mechanical power takes place rotor develops a ating torque and rotates. 11.3.1 Stator // > Discuss the construction of stator of three phase induction motor. © The stator has a laminated type of construction made up of stampings which are 0.4 to 05 mm thick. © The stampings are slotted on its periphery to carry the stator winding. The stampings are insulated from each other. Such a construction essentially keeps the iron losses to a minimum value. Fig. 11.3.1 Ste i «The number of stampings are stamped together to be eo emmaton build the stator core. TECHNICAL PUBLICATIONS”. An up thrust for knowledge ks- ~Basic El Sir esi Electrical Engineering 11-4 Three Phase Induction Mow" *} - * The built up core is then fitted in a casted or fabricated steel frame. The choice of # material for the stampings is generally silicon steel, which minimises the hysteresis loss. ‘The slots on the periphery of the stator core carries a three phase winding, connected either in star or delta, This three phase winding is called stator winding. It is wound for definite number of poles. ite provided for the cooling purpose. The Fig. 11.3.1 shows a stator / * The radial ducts lamination. 11.3.2 Rot 4 > Discuss the important features of squirrel cage and phase wound rotor constructions in an” induction motor. BS" Jan.-03, 05, Marks 6; Jan.-08, Marks 8 * The rotor is placed inside the stator. The air gap between stator and the rotor is 0.4 mm / to 4 mm. r f | * The two types of rotor 1, Squirrel cage rote) génstructions which are used for induction motors are, And 2. Slip ring or phase wound rotor The rotor core is cylindrical and slotted on its periphery. o 2 € a 9° 2 8 3 2 * The rotor consists of uninsulated copper or aluminium bars called rotor conductors. The bars are placed in the slots. * These bars are permanently shorted at each end with the help of conducting copper ring called end ring, The bars are usually brazed to the end rings to provide good mechanical strength. i © The entire structure looks like a cage, forming a closed electrical circuit. So the rotor is called squirrel cage rotor. The construction is shown in the Fig. 11.3.2 Copper or \ \ aluminium bars End ring (a) Cage type structure of rotor (b) Symbolic representation Fig. 11.3.2 Squirrel cage rotor ‘TECHNICAL PUBLICATIONS”. An up thrust for knowledge