EXERCISE 1: ANIMAL TISSUE A.

SIMPLE EPITHELIA

OBJECTIVES: TYPES SIMPLE EPITHELIA:

1. To identify different types of tissues and their corresponding 1. SIMPLE SQUAMOUS EPITHELIUM
locations in the body 2. SIMPLE CUBOIDAL EPITHELIUM
2. To correlate the structure of the tissues to its function 3. SIMPLE COLUMNAR EPITHELIUM
3. To name the function(s) of each type of tissue 4. CILIATED EPITHELIUM
4. To identify the parts of each type of tissue 5. PSEUDOSTRATIFIED EPITHELIUM
 Cells are structural and functional units of the body  SIMPLE SQUAMOUS EPITHELIUM
 Cells are multi-cellular
 The epithelium is composed of one layer of cells
 Cells do not function independently
 The cells, with their oval nuclei, are arranged like tiles in the
HISTOLOGY floor
 The round structure found at the center of the cell is the nucleus
 The study of tissues surrounded by the nuclear membrane
 Outside the nuclear membrane is a lighter portion, the
TISSUES cytoplasm surrounded by the cell membrane
 The epithelium lines the:
 Aggregations of similar cells and cell products that perform specific
1. Inner wall of blood vessels (the endothelium)
functions
2. Terminal respiratory ducts and their sacs of the lungs
 Tissues perform specific functions thus, 3. Lining of the coelom (the peritoneum)
 Shape (Morphology)
 SIMPLE CUBOIDAL EPITHELIUM
 Location
 Position  The cells are cube – shaped
 The cells are more specialized for wear and tear than are the
of the cells have a definite relation to their function. cells of simple squamous epithelium
 The spaces of varying sizes and shapes are the lumen of the
4 KINDS OF TISSUES IN THE BODY:
kidney tubules
 Lining these spaces are the cells of the cuboidal epithelium
1. EPITHELIAL TISSUES
 The round centrally located dark structure is the nucleus
2. CONNECTIVE TISSUES
3. MUSCLE TISSUES  This type of epithelium is also found in
4. NERVOUS TISSUES 1. Many glands ( e.g salivary & mucous)
2. Germinal layer of the ovary
I. EPITHELIAL TISSUES 3. Pigmented epithelium of the retina
 Covers body and organ surfaces, line body and lumen cavities  SIMPLE COLUMNAR EPITHELIUM
and form glands
 Cells of this epithelium are taller than they are wide
 Forms the outer layer of the skin, parts of the sense organs,
 Certain cells of this tissue contain goblets cells
most glandular tissue structures & the inner linings of the
respiratory, excretory, digestive and circulatory systems  Specialized for absorption and secretion as well as protection
 This lines the:
 Composed of tightly fitted cells
1. Stomach
EPITHELIAL TISSUES MAY BE STUDIED AS TO: 2. Intestines
3. Gall bladder
a. THE NUMBER OF LAYERS IN THE CELLS 4. Bronchioles
1. SIMPLE – single-layered 5. Oviducts
6. Uterus
2. STRATIFIED – multilayered
7. Many glands

 SIMPLE EPITHELIUM GOBLET CELLS – single–celled glands

 Allows substances to diffuse readily through the cells
› Specialized for secreting mucus
 STARTIFIED EPITHELIUM › Found abundantly in mucous membranes
 More protective in function
 CILIATED EPITHELIUM
b. THE SHAPE OF THE CELLS
 The cells are either squamous, cuboidal, or columnar
1. SQUAMOUS – flattened  The free ends of which are provided with hair-like projections
2. CUBOIDAL – cube like  The cells are columnar, supported by a basement membrane
3. COLUMNAR – column like  Occurs in the uterine tubes of the female

CILIA – fine hair-like structures, found in the free end of the cells
 PSEUDOSTRATIFIED CILIATED COLUMNAR EPITHELIUM II. CONNECTIVE TISSUES
 Stratified (It is actually simple however, since each cell is in  Found throughout the body
contact with the basement membrane, although not all cells are  Supports or binds other tissues
exposed to the surface  Provides for the metabolic needs of all body organs
 Has a stratified appearance  Highly vascular & well nourished
 Numerous goblet cells and ciliated, exposed surface are  They are able to replicate
characteristic of this epithelium  Responsible for the repair of body organs
 The lumina of the trachea and the bronchial tubes are lined with  Contain considerably more matrix (intercellular material) than
this tissue cells
 Frequently called respiratory epithelium  Do not occur on free surfaces of body cavities or on the surface
of the body
B. STRATIFIED EPITHELIA  Named according to the kind & arrangement of the matrix
 Tissues consisting 2 or more layers of cells
4 KINDS OF CONNECTIVE TISSUE:
 Specialized for protection
 Classified according to the shape of the surface of the cells 1. CONNECTIVE TISSUE PROPER
 The layer in contact with the basement membrane is cuboidal 2. CARTILAGE TISSUE
or columnar in shape 3. BONE TISSUE
4. VASCULAR TISSUE
TYPES OF STRATIFIED EPITHELIA:

A. CONNECTIVE TISSUE PROPER

1. STRATIFIED SQUAMOUS EPITHELIUM
2. STRATEFIED CUBOIDAL EPITHELIUM  Has a loose, flexible matrix
3. STRATEFIED COLUMNAR EPITHELIUM  Frequently called ground substance
4. TRANSITIONAL EPITHELIUM
FIBROLAST – most common cell

 STRATIFIED SQUAMOUS EPITHELIUM › Large, star-shaped cells that produc

e
 Composed of a variable number of cell layers that tend to flatten
B. CARTILAGE TISSUE
near the surface
C. BONE TISSUE
TYPES STRATIFIED SQUAMOUS EPITHELIUM D. VASCULAR TISSUE

1. KERATINIZED – forms the outer layer or epidermis of the skin

2. NONKERATINIZED – lines in the oral cavity & pharynx, nasal III. MUSCLE TISSUES
cavity, vagina & canal

 STRATEFIED CUBOIDAL EPITHELIUM

 Usually consists of only 2 or 3 layers of cuboidal cells forming the
lining around the lumen IV. NERVOUS TISSUES
 This type of epithelium is confined to the linings of the larger
ducts of sweat glands, salivary glands & pancreas

 STRATEFIED COLUMNAR EPITHELIUM

 Sites containing this tissue include parts of the
1. Pharynx
2. Larynx
3. Mammary glands
4. Salivary gland ducts

 TRANSITIONAL EPITHELIUM
 Similar to nonkeratinized stratified squamous epithelium except
that the surface cells of the former are large & round rather than
flat & some may have 2 nuclei
 Located only within the urinary system
› Particularly in the luminal surface of the urinary bladder &
the walls of the ureters