Holy Sonnet XIV- Batter my heart

John Donne
Batter my heart, three-personed God, for you
As yet but knock, breathe, shine, and seek to mend;
That I may rise, and stand, o’erthrow me, and bend
Your force to break, blow, burn, and make me new.
I, like an usurped town, to another due,
Labour to admit you, but Oh, to no end.
Reason, your viceroy in me, me should defend,
But is captived, and proves weak or untrue.
Yet dearly I love you, and would be loved fain,
But am betrothed unto your enemy:
Divorce me, untie or break that knot again,
Take me to you, imprison me, for I,
Except you enthrall me, never shall be free,
Nor ever chaste, except you ravish me.

Summary
The speaker asks the “three-personed God” to “batter” his heart, for as yet God only knocks politely,
breathes, shines, and seeks to mend. The speaker says that to rise and stand, he needs God to overthrow
him and bend his force to break, blow, and burn him, and to make him new. Like a town that has been
captured by the enemy, which seeks unsuccessfully to admit the army of its allies and friends, the
speaker works to admit God into his heart, but Reason, like God’s viceroy, has been captured by the
enemy and proves “weak or untrue.” Yet the speaker says that he loves God dearly and wants to be loved
in return, but he is like a maiden who is betrothed to God’s enemy. The speaker asks God to “divorce,
untie, or break that knot again,” to take him prisoner; for until he is God’s prisoner, he says, he will never
be free, and he will never be chaste until God ravishes him.

Form

This simple sonnet follows an ABBAABBACDDCEE rhyme scheme and is written in a loose iambic
pentameter. In its structural division, it is a Petrarchan sonnet rather than a Shakespearean one, with an
octet followed by a sestet.

Commentary

This poem is an appeal to God, pleading with Him not for mercy or clemency or benevolent aid but for a
violent, almost brutal overmastering; thus, it implores God to perform actions that would usually be
considered extremely sinful—from battering the speaker to actually raping him, which, he says in the
final line, is the only way he will ever be chaste. The poem’s metaphors (the speaker’s heart as a
captured town, the speaker as a maiden betrothed to God’s enemy) work with its extraordinary series of
violent and powerful verbs (batter, o’erthrow, bend, break, blow, burn, divorce, untie, break, take,
imprison, enthrall, ravish) to create the image of God as an overwhelming, violent conqueror. The bizarre

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nature of the speaker’s plea finds its apotheosis in the paradoxical final couplet, in which the speaker
claims that only if God takes him prisoner can he be free, and only if God ravishes him can he be chaste.

As is amply illustrated by the contrast between Donne’s religious lyrics and his metaphysical love poems,
Donne is a poet deeply divided between religious spirituality and a kind of carnal lust for life. Many of his
best poems, including “Batter my heart, three-personed God,” mix the discourse of the spiritual and the
physical or of the holy and the secular. In this case, the speaker achieves that mix by claiming that he can
only overcome sin and achieve spiritual purity if he is forced by God in the most physical, violent, and
carnal terms imaginable.