CCNA Security

Chapter 1 Lab A: Researching Network Attacks and Security Audit

Tools Instructor Version
Objectives

Part 1: Researching Network Attacks

 Research network attacks that have occurred.

 Select a network attack and develop a report for presentation to the class.

Part 2: Researching Security Audit Tools

 Research network security audit tools.

 Select a tool and develop a report for presentation to the class.

Background/Scenario

Network attacks have resulted in the loss of sensitive data and significant network downtime. When a network
or the resources in it are inaccessible, worker productivity can suffer, and business income may be lost.

Attackers have developed many tools over the years to attack and compromise the networks of organizations.
These attacks take many forms, but in most cases, they seek to obtain sensitive information, destroy
resources, or deny legitimate users access to resources.

To understand how to defend a network against attacks, an administrator must first identify network
vulnerabilities. Specialized security audit software developed by equipment and software manufacturers can
be used to help identify potential weaknesses. In addition, the same tools used by attackers can be used to
test the ability of a network to mitigate an attack. After the vulnerabilities are known, steps can be taken to
help mitigate the network attacks.

This lab provides a structured research project that is divided into two parts: Researching Network Attacks
and Researching Security Audit Tools. You can elect to perform Part 1, Part 2, or both. Let your instructor
know what you plan to do so to ensure that a variety of network attacks and vulnerability tools are reported on
by the members of the class.

In Part 1, you research various network attacks that have actually occurred. You select one of these and
describe how the attack was perpetrated and how extensive the network outage or damage was. You also
investigate how the attack could have been mitigated or what mitigation techniques might have been
implemented to prevent future attacks. You prepare a report based on a predefined form included in the lab.

In Part 2, you research network security audit tools and investigate one that can be used to identify host or
network device vulnerabilities. You create a one-page summary of the tool based on a predefined form
included in the lab. You prepare a short (5–10 minute) presentation to present to the class.

You may work in teams of two with one person reporting on the network attack and the other reporting on the
security audit tools. Each team member delivers a short overview (5–10 minutes) of their findings. You can
use live demonstrations or PowerPoint to summarize your findings.

Required Resources
 Computer with Internet access for research.

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CCNA Security

 Presentation computer with PowerPoint or other presentation software installed.

 Video projector and screen for demonstrations and presentations.

Instructor Note: To maintain tighter control over what the students report, you can provide the students a list
of recent network attacks and security audit tools from which to choose. You might want to ask the students to
email you their desired research project by a specific time, or you will assign them a topic. In the email, they
should provide some background information (description, links, and so on) to make sure that no one is doing
the same thing.

Part 1. Researching Network Attacks

In Part 1 of this lab, you research various network attacks that have actually occurred and select one on
which to report. Fill in the form below based on your findings.

Step 1: Research various network attacks.

List some of the attacks you identified in your search.

Possible examples include: Code Red, Nimba, Back Orifice, Blaster, MyDoom, SQL Slammer, SMURF, Tribe
flood network (TFN), Stacheldraht, Sobig, Netsky, Witty, and Storm.

The Code Red attack is used as an example here.

Instructor Note: An extensive list of viruses and worms listed by the year they were discovered can be found
at http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Notable_computer_viruses_and_worms.

Step 2: Fill in the following form for the network attack selected.

Name of attack: Code Red

Type of attack: Worm

Dates of attacks: July 2001

Computers / Organizations affected: Infected an estimated 359,000

computers in one day.

How it works and what it did:

Instructor Note: Most of the following is from Wikipedia.

Code Red exploited buffer-overflow vulnerabilities in unpatched Microsoft Internet Information

Servers. It launched Trojan code in a denial-of-service attack against fixed IP addresses. The
worm spread itself using a common type of vulnerability known as a buffer overflow. It used a long
string repeating the character 'N' to overflow a buffer, which then allowed the worm to execute
arbitrary code and infect the machine.

The payload of the worm included:

 Defacing the affected website with the message: HELLO! Welcome to http://www.worm.com!
Hacked By Chinese!

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CCNA Security

 It tried to spread itself by looking for more IIS servers on the Internet.
 It waited 20–27 days after it was installed to launch DoS attacks on several fixed IP
addresses. The IP address of the White House web server was among them.
 When scanning for vulnerable machines, the worm did not check whether the server running
on a remote machine was running a vulnerable version of IIS or whether it was running IIS at
all.

Mitigation options:

To prevent the exploitation of the IIS vulnerability, organizations needed to apply the IIS patch
from Microsoft.

References and info links:

CERT Advisory CA-2001-19

eEye Code Red advisory

Code Red II analysis

Presentation support graphics (include PowerPoint filename or web links):

Wikipedia, Animation on "The Spread of the Code-Red Worm (CRv2)". CAIDA Analysis. Retrieved
on 2006-10-03. www.networkworld.com/slideshows/2008/031108-worst-moments-in-net-
security.html?nwwpkg=slideshows

Part 2. Researching Security Audit Tools

In Part 2 of this lab, you research network security audit tools and attacker tools and investigate one that can
be used to identify host or network device vulnerabilities. Fill in the report below based on your findings.

Step 1: Research various security audit and network attack tools.

List some of the tools that you identified in your search.

Possible examples include: Microsoft Baseline Security Analyzer (MBSA), NMAP, Cisco IOS AutoSecure,
Cisco Security Device Manager (SDM) Security Audit Wizard. Sourceforge Network Security Analysis Tool
(NSAT), Solarwinds Engineering Toolset.

Attacker tools may also be investigated, including L0phtcrack, Cain and Abel, John the Ripper, Netcat, THC
Hydra, Chkrootkit, DSniff, Nessus, AirSnort, AirCrack, WEPCrack,

The SDM Security Audit tool is used as an example here.

Instructor Note: Additional sources of information include the following:

http://www.yolinux.com/TUTORIALS/LinuxSecurityTools.html

Top 100 Network Security Tools of 2006:

http://sectools.org/index.html

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CCNA Security

Password Crackers:
http://sectools.org/crackers.html

Sniffers:
http://sectools.org/sniffers.html

Vulnerability Scanner:
http://sectools.org/vuln-scanners.html

Web Scanners:
http://sectools.org/web-scanners.html

Wireless:
http://sectools.org/wireless.html

Exploitation:
http://sectools.org/sploits.html

Packet Crafters:
http://sectools.org/packet-crafters.html

Step 2: Fill in the following form for the security audit or network attack tool selected.

Name of tool: SDM Security Audit

Developer: Cisco Systems

Type of tool (character-based or GUI): Cisco router GUI-based security

analysis

Used on (network device or computer host): Router

Cost: Free to download

Description of key features and capabilities of product or tool:

SDM Security Audit wizard runs a series of predefined checklists to assess a router’s security
configuration. When finished, SDM presents a list of recommended actions, which you can
selectively choose to apply. SDM also allows you to directly perform a one-step router lockdown
option. One-step lockdown configures the router with a set of defined security features with
recommended settings.

Security Audit is a feature of SDM that examines an existing router configuration and then
provides a list of recommended configuration changes to make a router and network more secure.
For a complete list of functions that Security Audit checks for, see the online help topics in SDM.

Security audit does the following:

 Checks the router’s running configuration against a list of predefined security configuration
settings.
 Lists identified problems and provides recommendations for fixing them.
 Allows the user to choose which problems to fix and displays the appropriate user interface for
fixing them.

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CCNA Security

 Delivers commands to configure the router with the chosen security configuration.

Examples of security-related issues that Security Audit can address include services that should
be disabled, password requirements, warning banners, Telnet settings, SSH access, firewalls,
logging, and AAA. SDM and the Security Audit wizard provide context-sensitive help.

References and info links:

http://www.cisco.com/en/US/docs/routers/access/cisco_router_and_security_device_mana
ger/25/software/user/guide/SAudt.html

Presentation support graphics:

Live demo of SDM 2.5 Security Audit and one-step lockdown if available. Screenshots of
SDM Security Audit from Google: http://images.google.com/images?
hl=en&q=SDM+Security+Audit&gbv=2

Step 3: Reflection

a. What is the prevalence of network attacks and what is their impact on an organization’s operation?
What are some key steps organizations can take to help protect their networks and resources?

Answers will vary. Massive network attacks like Code Red, which can affect large portions of the
Internet, are less common because of mitigation strategies that have been implemented. However,
smaller targeted attacks, especially those intended to acquire personal information, are more
common than ever. Networking devices and hosts on a network have many potential vulnerabilities
that can be exploited.

Vulnerability analysis tools can help identify security holes so that network administrators can take
steps to correct the problem before an attack occurs. Other steps that can be taken include: The use
of firewalls, intrusion detection and prevention, hardening of network devices, endpoint protection,
AAA, user education and security policy development.

b. Have you actually worked for an organization or know of one where the network was compromised? If
so, what was the impact to the organization and what did they do about it?

Answers will vary, and the results can be interesting.

c. What steps can you take to protect your own PC or laptop computer? Answers will vary but could
include: Keep the operating system and applications up to date with patches and service packs, use a
personal firewall, configure passwords to access the system, configure screensavers to timeout and
require a password, protect important files by making them read-only, encrypt confidential files and
backup files for safe keeping.

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