Mathematical Foundation of Industrial

Engineering
IENG 2307
Mathematical Modelling & Engineering ProblemSolvings

Mathematical model : formulation ofequationthatexpress theessential features of a physical system

or process in mathematical terms.
Example: a parachutist jumps from a plane

If we are interested to find the velocity profile with respect to time, in the normal
axis relative to earth, starting from the parachutist jumps from a height (v = 0 at t
= 0).

Acceleration a is the time rate of change ofvelocity. Here, the independent variables is

t (time), because we are interested in the velocity change

A mathematical model in the form of differential

equationthatrelates the acceleration of a falling

object to theforces actingon it.

Find solution:

Solution (analytically solved):

Numerical Analysis (Numerical Methods)

Example of a numerical method:

finite divided

difference

Euler’s Method
Comparison of analytical and numerical solutions
Matrix Review

• Matrix:a collection ofnumbers (realor complex) or possibly functions, arranged in a rectangular

array and enclosedbysquare brackets or parentheses

• Examples:

A B
• Matrices are denoted by bold-facedcapital letters, such asA. The abbreviated form of
anmxnmatrix is:

• Each of the elements in a matrix is called an entry of thematrix

• Notation:

• Square matrix:m=n
• Identity matrix:  
• Diagonal matrix
• Lower triangular matrix
• Upper triangular matrix
Matrix Operation

• Addition:

Example:

• Multiplication by a scalar:

Example:
• Multiplication:

Example 1:

Example 2:
• Matrix Transpose:

Example:
A T
A
• Determinant:
Example 1:

Use the second row since it contains a zero entry

Example 2:
• Cramer’s Rule:
Example:
• Inverse of a Matrix:

• Inverse of a 2 x 2 Matrix:
• Inverse of a 3 x 3matrix
• Inverse of a3x3matrix example:
• Property of Inverse Matrix:
MatrixEigenvalue Problem
Example:

= -λ(λ-1) (λ-2) = 0
Differential Equation Review
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