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People V
People V
The Court also updated the Miranda rights with the developments in law that provided the
rights of suspects under custodial investigation in detail.
1. WON the appellant’s extra-judicial confession was validly taken and in accordance
with his rights under Section 12 of the Bill of Rights; and
2. WON the circumstantial evidence presented by the prosecution sufficient to prove his A person under custodial investigation should be informed:
guilt beyond reasonable doubt
1. In a language known to and understood by him of the reason for the arrest and he must be
shown the warrant of arrest, if any; Every other warnings, information or communication must
Ruling be in a language known to and understood by said person;
2. That he has a right to remain silent and that any statement he makes may be used as
evidence against him;
3. That he has the right to be assisted at all times and have the presence of an independent
and competent lawyer, preferably of his own choice;
4. That if he has no lawyer or cannot afford the services of a lawyer, one will be provided for
him; and that a lawyer may also be engaged by any person in his behalf, or may be
appointed by the court upon petition of the person arrested or one acting in his behalf;
5. That no custodial investigation in any form shall be conducted except in the presence of his
counsel or after a valid waiver has been made;
6. That, at any time, he has the right to communicate or confer by the most expedient means
– telephone, radio, letter or messenger – with his lawyer (either retained or appointed), any
member of his immediate family, or any medical doctor, priest or minister chosen by him or by
any one from his immediate family or by his counsel, or be visited by/confer with duly
accredited national or international non-government organization. It shall be the responsibility
of the officer to ensure that this is accomplished;
7. That he has the right to waive any of said rights provided it is made voluntarily, knowingly
and intelligently and ensure that he understood the same;
8. That the waiver must be done in writing AND in the presence of counsel, otherwise, he
must be warned that the waiver is void even if he insist on his waiver and chooses to speak;
9. That he may indicate in any manner at any time or stage of the process that he does not
wish to be questioned with warning that once he makes such indication, the police may not
interrogate him if the same had not yet commenced, or the interrogation must ceased if it has
already begun;
10. That his initial waiver of his right to remain silent, the right to counsel or any of his rights
does not bar him from invoking it at any time during the process, regardless of whether he
may have answered some questions or volunteered some statements;
11. That any statement or evidence, as the case may be, obtained in violation of any of the
foregoing, whether inculpatory or exculpatory, in whole or in part, shall be inadmissible in
evidence.