DC MOTOR

Subhajit Bose(03)

Shuvankar Das(02)

Binoy Mourya(09)

Sushobhan Sarkar(06)

Prosenjit Debnath(35)
 History of DC Motor

Michael Faraday (U.K.)

CONSTRUCTION
Working Principle of DC Motor
 TYPES OF DC MOTORS
• DC motor are of 3 types they are…..

1. DC SHUNT MOTOR

2. DC SERIES MOTOR

3. DC COMPOUND MOTOR
 1. DC SHUNT MOTOR
• The parallel combination of two
windings is connected across a
common dc power supply.
• The resistance of shunt field
winding (Rsh) is always higher than
that is armature winding.
• This is because the number of turns
for the field winding is more than
that of armature winding.
• The cross-sectional area of the wire
used for field winding is smaller
than that of the wire used for
armature winding.
Armature
We know, 𝑇 ∝ ∅ 𝐼𝑎 N ∝ Eb / ∅

And ∅ is constant here -

N ∝ (Vt IaRa)
So , 𝑇 ∝ 𝐼𝑎
 2. DC SERIES MOTOR
• The field winding is connected in
series with the armature.
• The current passing through the
series winding is same as the
armature current .
• Therefore the series field winding
has fewer turns of thick wire than
the shunt field winding.
• Also therefore the field winding will
posses a low resistance then the
armature winding.
We know, 𝑇 ∝ ∅ 𝐼𝑎 Again We know
𝑇 ∝ ∅ 𝐼𝑎
For Dc series motor 𝐸𝑏=𝑁∅𝑍𝑃/𝐴60
Ia=If=I N ∝ E b/ ∅ N ∝ 1/𝐼𝑎
So , 𝑇 ∝ 𝐼𝑎 So, N ∝ 1/ ∅
N ∝ 1/𝐼𝑎
 3. DC COMPOUND MOTOR
DC
COMPOUND
MOTOR

SHORT SHUNT
LONG SHUNT
COMPOUND
COMPOUND MOTOR
MOTOR

CUMULATIVE DIFFERENTIAL
COMPOUND COMPOUND
MOTOR MOTOR
 I. LONG SHUNT COMPOUND MOTOR

• In this the series winding is

connected in series with the
armature winding and the
shunt winding is connected in
parallel with the armature
connection.
 II. SHORT SHUNT COMPUND MOTOR

• In short shunt compound

motor the series winding is
connected in series to the
parallel combination of
armature and the shunt
winding
• This is done to get good
starting torque and constant
speed characteristics.
 a) CUMULATIVE COMPOUND DC MOTORS

• If the two field windings i.e.

series and shunt are
wounded in such a way that
the fluxes produced by
them add or assist each
other

b) DIFFERENTIAL COMPOUND DC MOTORS

• If the two field winding i.e. series and shunt

are wounded in such a way that the fluxes
produced by them always try to oppose and
try to cancel each other.
We know the Back Emf, Eb = PØNZ/60A
(where, P = no. of poles, Ø = flux/pole, N = speed in rpm, Z = no.
of armature conductors, A = parallel paths)

Eb can also be given as, Eb = V- IaRa

thus, from the above equations N = Eb 60A/PØZ
but, for a DC motor A, P and Z are constants

Therefore, N ∝ K Eb/Ø (where, K=constant)

This shows the speed of a dc motor is directly proportional to the

back emf and inversely proportional to the flux per pole.
1. Flux Control Method
To control the flux, a rheostat is
added in series with the field
winding, as shown in the circuit
diagram. Adding more resistance
in series with the field winding will
increase the speed as it decreases
the flux.
2. Armature Control Method
When the supply voltage V and the
armature resistance Ra are kept
constant, speed is directly
proportional to the armature current
Ia. Thus, if we add a resistance in
series with the armature, Ia decreases
and, hence, the speed also decreases.
3. Voltage Control Method
a) Multiple voltage control:

In this method, the shunt field is connected to a fixed exciting voltage

and armature is supplied with different voltages. Voltage across
armature is changed with the help of a suitable switchgear.

b) Ward-Leonard System:

This system is used where very

sensitive speed control of motor is required
(e.g electric excavators, elevators etc.). The
arrangement of this system is as shown in
the figure at right.
M2 is the motor whose speed control is
required.
M1 may be any AC motor or DC motor with
constant speed.
G is a generator directly coupled to M1.
Speed Control Of Series Motor

1. Flux Control Method

2. Variable Resistance In Series With Armature

By introducing a resistance in series with the armature, voltage across

the armature can be reduced. And, hence, speed reduces in proportion
with it.

3. Series-Parallel Control

This system is widely used in electric traction, where two or more

mechanically coupled series motors are employed. For low speeds, the
motors are connected in series, and for higher speeds the motors are
connected in parallel.
When in series, the motors have the same current passing
through them, although voltage across each motor is divided. When in
parallel, the voltage across each motor is same although the current
gets divided.
 APPLICATIONS OF DC MOTORS

MOTORS.. APPLICATIONS…

LATHES , FANS, PUMPS DISC AND BAND

D.C. SHUNT MOTOR SAW DRIVE REQUIRING MODERATE
TORQUES.

D.C. SERIES MOTOR ELECTRIC TRACTION, HIGH SPEED TOOLS

ROLLING MILLS AND OTHER LOADS

D.C. COMPOUND MOTOR REQUIRING LARGE MOMENTARY TORQUES.
 BIBLIOGRAPHY
www.google.com

en.wikipedia.org

Electrical Machines By

S. K. Bhattacharya