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Lighting in Landscape PDF
Lighting in Landscape PDF
LIGHTING IN
LANDSCAPE
DR. BN COLLEGE OF
ARCHITECTURE, PUNE
NAME: ANU ALREJA
CLASS: FOURTH YEAR B.ARCH
ROLL NO.: 2
SUBJECT: DESIGN ELECTIVE
(ADVANCED LANDSCAPE
DESIGN)
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CONTENTS
1. INTRODUCTION
2. BASIC FUNCTION OF LIGHTING
² POWER OF LIGHT
3. LIGHTING FUNDAMENTALS
² ELECTROMAGNETIC SPECTRUM
² HOW THE EYE WORKS
² RODS AND CONES
² EYE PERFORMANCE AND LIGHTING CRITERIA
² LUMINANCE CONTRAST
4. LIGHT AND COLOUR
² LIGHT SPECTRUM
² COLOUR TEMPERATURE
² COLOUR RENDITION
5. LIGHTING AND BEHAVIORAL RESPONSE
² LIGHTING LEVEL
6. LAMPS
7. LIGHT FIXTURES
² LANTERNS
² BOLLARD AND PATH FIXTURES
² POST, WALL-MOUNTED, AND HANGING FIXTURES
² SURFACE-MOUNTED FIXTURES
8. FACTORS TO BE TAKEN INTO CONSIDERATION
² BRIGHTNESS
² GLARE
² DISCOMFORT GLARE
² DISABILITY GLARE
² DISTANCE AND ANGLE OF LIGHT
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² DEPTH
² REFLECTANCE
² CHOOSING LIGHT BULBS
² COLOUR RENDERING
² COLOUR TEMPERATURE
² LIGHT BULB LIFE
² ENERGY EFFICIENCY
² CHOOSING A SYSTEM
Æ HALOGEN PROJECTOR BULBS
Æ HALOGEN DICHROIC BULBS
² POSITIONING
9. TYPES OF GARDEN LIGHTING
² TYPES OF LIGHT FITTINGS
² LINE ± VOLTAGE LIGHTING
² LOW ± VOLTAGE LIGHTING
² WIRING APPROACHES
Æ MULTIPLE-FEED WIRING METHOD
Æ MULTIPLE-TRANSFORMER WIRING METHOD
² SOLAR LIGHTING
² DIRECTIONAL LIGHTING
² PATH AND STEP LIGHTS
² AREA LIGHTING
² FLOOD LIGHTS
² SECURITY LIGHTS
² LINEAR LIGHTING
² STRING LIGHTING
² TAPE LIGHTING
² FIBRE ± OPTIC LIGHTING
10. THE PURPOSE OF LIGHTING
² ORNAMENTAL LIGHTING
² AMENITY LIGHTING
² TASK LIGHTING
² ACCESS LIGHTING
² SECURITY LIGHTING
à
11. SOME EXAMPLES
12. GARDEN-LIGHTING EFFECTS
² DOWNLIGHTING
² UPLIGHTING
² GRAZING
² WASHING
² CROSSLIGHTING
² ACCENT LIGHTING
² SPOTLIGHTING
² MIRRORING
² SILHOUETTING
² THE HALO EFFECT
² AREA LIGHTING
² FLOODLIGHTING
² STEP AND VISTA LIGHTING
² SPREAD LIGHTING
² SHADOWING
² MOON LIGHTING
² DIRECT LIGHTING
² INDIRECT LIGHTING
13. LIGHTING GARDEN FEATURES
² WATER FEATURES
Æ MOVING WATER
Æ STILL WATER
Æ COMPLEX WATER FEATURES
Æ UNDERWATER LIGHTING
Æ FOUNTAINS
Æ WALL FOUNTAINS
Æ POSITIONING UNDERWATER LIGHTS
Æ LIGHTING FISH PONDS
Æ BRIDGES AND STEPPING STONES
Æ WATERFALLS
Æ UPRIGHT WATER FEATURES
Æ LOCATING FIXTURES ABOVE THE WATER¶S SURFACE
Æ SAFETY
Æ LAMPS
Æ FIBRE OPTICS
² PLANT MATERIALS
² SCULPTURES
Æ UPLIGHTING VERSUS DOWNLIGHTING
Æ ONE VIEWING DIRECTION
Æ MULTIPLE VIEWING DIRECTIONS
² WALKWAYS AND STAIRS
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