INTERACCIÓN

INICIAL EN
INGLÉSTEACHER: ALMA DELIA
MONDRAGÓN REVELES
 PRESENT TENSE BE

• The verb BE has three forms: AM, IS, ARE, which we have to use according
to the pronoun or subject.

TO BE

Occupations Nouns Adjectives Places

 AFFIRMATIVE SENTENCES

Subject Verb Form Example

I AM I am a teacher.

You ARE You are a student.

He IS He is in the lab.

She IS She is my sister.

It IS It is a city.

We ARE We are friends.

They ARE They are doctors.

 NEGATIVE SENTENCES

You can make negative sentences similar to the sentences

before. The only different is to add NOT after am, is, are,
as you can see in the following chart.

She is not sad They are not in the school

 NEGATIVE SENTENCES

I am not I`m not

He He`s not = He isn’t

She is not She’s not = She isn’t
It It’s not = It isn’t
We We’re not = We aren’t
You are not You’re not = You aren’t
They They’re not = They aren’t
 YES / NO QUESTIONS

• In English we have to kind of questions:Yes/No questions

and Wh-questions.
• The Yes / No Questions are called that because the
answers always start with Yes or No
• Remember to answer Yes/No questions you have to pay
attention to the subject.
 YES / NO QUESTIONS

Affirmative Statement: John and Peter are students.

Yes / No question: Are John and Peter students?
Short Answers: Yes, they are / No, they aren’t
Full /Complete Yes, they are students. / No they
Answers: are not students.
Affirmative Statement: Mary is tall and thin.
Yes / No question: Is Mary tall and thin?
Short Answers: Yes, she is / No, she isn’t
Full /Complete Yes, she is tall and thin. / No, she
Answers: is not tall and thin
 WH - QUESTIONS

• The wh-questions look for information accoding to the

question word.
• In this kind of questions you never answer Yes or No,
because they are asking for some information. The answer
is a statement with the information according to the
question word.
 WH - QUESTIONS

Wh-word Information Example

about…
What Things What is this? It is a book.
Name What is your name? Roberth.
Occupations What do you do? I am a driver.
Activities What is he doing? He’s working
Who People Who is the director of the school?
Carlos Samaniego.
Where Places Where is he? In the house.
How State How are you? I am sad.
Form / manner How is Loja? It is small.
 REVIEW

Negative
Statement Yes/No Question Short Answers
Statements
Yes, you are / No, you
I am a teacher. I am not a teacher. Am I a teacher?
are not
You are a You are not a
Are you a student? Yes, I am / No, I am not
student. student.
He is in the lab. He is not in the lab. Is he in the lab? Yes, he is / No, he is not
Yes, she is / No, she is
She is my sister. She is not my sister. Is she my sister?
not
It is a city. It is not a city. Is it a city? Yes, it is / No, it is not
Yes, we are / No, we are
We are friends. We are not friends. Are we friends?
not
They are They are not Yes, they are / No they
Are they doctors?
doctors. doctors. are not
EXERCISE:

- Hi, I____ John. (affirmative)

- He ____ twelve years old. (negative)
- _____ you Italian?
- Hurry up! We _____ late. (affirmative)
- I ______ from Australia, I ___ from New Zealand.
- My birthday _____ (negative) in July, it__ (affirmative) in
June.
- ___ it Wednesday today?
- Emma and Joe _____ at school. ____ they at home?
- We___ on holiday. Hurrah!
 DEMONSTRATIVES

We use THIS / THESE when the objects are near to the speaker.

This is a blackboard These are papers

THIS +Singular Nouns THESE + Plural Nouns

 DEMONSTRATIVES

We use THAT / THOSE when the objects are far from the speakers.

That is a lake.
THAT + Singular Nouns
Those are mountains
THOSE + Plural Nouns
 DEMONSTRATIVES

Questions
• What is that?
That is an airplane.
• Is that a bird?
No, it is an airplane.

• What are those?

Those are books
• Are those books?
Yes, they are books.
EXERCISE
 PLURAL NOUNS

Noun ending Forming the Examples

plural
s, x, ch or sh Add -es boss - bosses
tax - taxes
bush - bushes
consonant + Change y to i fly - flies
y then try - tries
Add –es curry – curries
most others Add -s cat - cats
face - faces
day – days
 IRREGULAR PLURAL

Noun type Forming the plural Examples

Ends with -fe Change f to v knife - knives
then life - lives
Add –s wife - wives
Ends with –f Change f to v half - halves
then wolf - wolves
Add –es loaf - loaves
Ends with - o Add –es potato - potatoes
tomato - tomatoes
volcano -
volcanoes
 IRREGULAR PLURAL

Noun type Forming the plural Examples

ALL KINDS Change the vowel man - men
or foot - feet
Change the word child - children
or person - people
Add a different tooth - teeth
ending mouse - mice
Unchanging Singular and plural sheep
are the same deer
fish (sometimes)
WHAT IS THE CORRECT PLURAL
OF THE WORD?
• These (person) _________are protesting against the president.

• The (woman) ___________over there want to meet the manager.

• My (child) ____________________hate eating pasta.

• I am ill. My (foot)__________________ hurt.

• Muslims kill (sheep) _______________in a religious celebration.

• I clean my (tooth) _____________three times a day.

• The (student )_______________________ are doing the exercise right now.

• The (fish)__________________ I bought is in the fridge.

• They are sending some (man) _________________to fix the roof.

• Most (houswife)________________ work more than ten hours a day at home.

• Where did you put the (knife)_________________________ ?
On the (shelf) _______________________ .
• (Goose)_______________________ like water.
• (Piano)________________ are expensive
• Some (policeman) _________________________came to arrest him.
POSSESSIVE ADJECTIVES

I My
You Your
He His
She Her +
It Its
We Our
They Their NOUN
 POSSESSIVE ADJTECTIVES

His shirt is new

Her pants are blue

This is her cat

This is our house
 POSSESSIVE FORM ‘S

Kevin’s wife is Rose.

Charlie’s book is black.
His wife is Rose.

The Child’s mother is happy

EXERCISE

• Put in my/ our/ your/ his/ her/ their/ its

1. I like _________ job
2. Do you like ________ job?
3. Does your father like ________ job?
4. Sally is married. __________ husband works in a
bank.
5. I know Mr Watson, but I don´t know _________
wife.
 PREPOSITION OF PLACE

IN (dentro de) In the house in a shop

In a room in a town
In a car in a garden
ON (sobre una On a shelf on a wall
superficie) On a plate on the table
On a balcony on a door
AT (lugar específico) At the bus station at home
At the door at the top
At work at the end of
 Examples of Usage

At In On
at home in bed on the table
at work in the box on the shelf
at school in the closet on the wall
at the airport in a basket on the second floor

at the office in his pocket on Columbus street

at the party in the car on page 10
at the restaurant in the kitchen

at the university in the water

at the theater in an armchair
at the hotel in the street
at the wedding in the garden
at the bus stop in prison
at the corner in Times Square

at 12 Colombus Street in New York

at Bob's (= at his house) in Texas

at the center in the USA

at the top in the sky
at the back of the house in the mirror

at the door (= next to the door) in a traffic jam

at the table (= next to the table) in the book

EXERCISES

Did you learn something _____ school?

2. Don't put all your eggs _____ one basket.
3. Eric is studying ____ the university.
4. I live _____ 12 Columbus Street.
5. Is John still ______ bed?
6. I've read it _____ a book.
7. James met us _____ the door.
8. Janet is ______ home right now.
• 9. I was stuck ___ that traffic jam for hours!
10. She fell asleep _____ the armchair.
11. Let's take the bus ___ Columbus Street.
12. Look, _____ the water!
 CAN / CAN’T

• Can is used to show ability

He can’t play the piano He can play football

They can dance

He can swim He can skate

 ALL FORMS

YES/NO
AFFIRMATIVE NEGATIVE SHORT ANSWERS
QUESTIONS
I can cook I can not cook Can I cook? Yes, you can / No,you can´t

You can dance You can not dance Can you dance? Yes I can / No I can’t

He can play He can not play Can he play? Yes, he can / No, he can`t

She can swim She can not swim Can she swim? Yes, she can / No, she can’t

It can run It can not run Can it run? Yes, it can / No, it can’t

We can sing We can not sing Can we sing? Yes, we can / No, we can’t
Yes, they can / No, they
They can walk They can not walk Can they walk ?
can’t
 EXERCISE: FILL IN CAN OR CAN´T

1) I ____________ swim. (+/can)

2) You __________ draw. (-/can)
3) He ___________ cook. (+/can)
4) She __________ walk. (-/can)
5) It _____________ jump. (+/can)
6) We ___________ ski. (-/can)
7) You ____________ read. (+/can)
8) They _____________ count. (-/can)
9) Doris ______________ sail. (+/can)
10) Walter and Laura ________________sing. (-/can)
 Articles
a, an, or the
first, let’s compare
a and an
oxford grammar practice #49
 a
we use before words
which begin with
consonants (b,c,d,f…)

oxford grammar practice #49

a doctor a big car
a girl
oxford grammar practice #49
 a
we also use before u
when it sounds like the word
‘you’ and before eu
oxford grammar practice #49
 sounds like ‘you’
starts with u = university
a university
oxford grammar practice #49
 sounds like ‘you’
starts with = eu
a European city
oxford grammar practice #49
we usean before words
which begin with
vowels (a,e,i,o,u)

oxford grammar practice #49

 an apple
an interesting film

oxford grammar practice #49

we also usean before
words that begin with a
silent h
oxford grammar practice #49
silent ‘h’ = hour
an hour
oxford grammar practice #49
hard ‘h’ = house
a house
oxford grammar practice #49
next, let’s compare
a/an and the
oxford grammar practice #49
Mary: I boughta CD player
and a TV yesterday.

Joe: Wasthe CD player

expensive?
we usually use a/an with
a noun to talk about a
person or thing for the first
time

oxford grammar practice #49

a CD player

oxford grammar practice #49

we usually usethe when
we talk about the person or
thing again

oxford grammar practice #49

the CD player = the
one that Mary bought

oxford grammar practice #49

however, there are some
special uses of
a/an and the
oxford grammar practice #49
we use a/an with prices,
frequency and speeds

oxford grammar practice #49

 prices
It costs £2 a liter
oxford grammar practice #49
 frequency
I drink about three cups of
coffee a day
 speeds
You’re driving at ninety
miles an hour
we use a/an before
hundred, thousand, and
million
a hundred people
a thousand days
we use a/an for talking
about jobs
I’m a bank manager
we use the when there is
only one of something
May I turn on the TV?
 Where’s Mary?
She’s in the kitchen.
we use the with musical
instruments
 I playthe guitar.
Jane plays the violin.
a

EXERCISE

Fill in the article >a<, >an< or >the< where necessary. Choose >x< where no article is used.

1) I like _________________blue T-shirt over there better than_____________ red one.

2) Their car does 150 miles _______________hour.
3) Where's _______________USB drive I lent you last week?
4) Do you still live in ____________Bristol?
5) Is your mother working in ________________ old office building?
6) Carol's father works as _______________ electrician.
7) The tomatoes are 99 pence _____________ kilo.
8) What do you usually have for ______________breakfast?
9) Ben has ______________terrible headache.
10) After this tour you have ______________ whole afternoon free to explore the city.
 THERE IS
THERE ARE
We use there is and there are to say that something exists.

Positive Sentences
We use there is for singular and there are for plural.
There is one table in the classroom.
There are three chairs in the classroom.
There is a spider in the bath.
There are many people at the bus stop
• Contractions
• The contraction of there is is there's.
• There's a good song on the radio.
• There's only one chocolate left in the box.
• You cannot contract there are.
• There are nine cats on the roof.
• There are only five weeks until Christmas.
Negative Form

The negative is formed by putting not after is or are:

There is not a horse in the field.
There are not eight children in the school.
There is not a tree in the garden.
There are not two elephants in the zoo.
The Negative contractions are:
There's not = There isn't
There are not = There aren't
There Are with ANY

When we want to indicate that a zero quantity of something exists we use there
aren't any.

There aren't any people at the party.

There aren't any trees in my street.
We also use this structure with uncountable nouns:
There isn't any water in the swimming pool.
There isn't any sugar in my coffee.
Questions

To form a question we place is / are in front of there.

Again we use any with plural questions or those which use uncountable nouns.

We also use there is / are in short answers.

Is there a dog in the supermarket? - No, there isn't.

Are there any dogs in the park? - Yes, there are.

Is there a security guard in the shop? - Yes, there is.

Are there any polar bears in Antarctica? - No, there aren't.

Is there any ice-cream in the freezer? - Yes, there is.

How Many with Are There

If we want to find out the number of objects that exist we use How many in the following form:

How many + plural noun + are there (+ complement).

How many dogs are there in the park?

How many students are there in your class?

How many countries are there in South America?

How many Star Wars films are there?

There is/are +
a/an/some/any
???
THERE IS

SINGULAR

Affirmative: There is/There’s

Negative: There is not/There isn’t

Interrogative: Is there…? Yes, there is

No, there isn’t
THERE ARE

PLURAL

Affirmative: There are

Negative: There are not/There aren’t

Interrogative: Are there…? Yes, there are

No, there aren’t
COUNTABLE NOUNS

SINGULAR

There is a/an…

There isn’t a/an…

Is there a…? Yes, there is.

No, there isn’t.
 PLURAL

There are some…

There aren’t any…

Are there any…? Yes, there are.

No, there aren’t.
COUNTABLE SINGULAR
MY BATHROOM

There is a toilet.

There isn’t a
shower.

Is there a mirror?
Yes, there is.
UNCOUNTABLE NOUNS

NEVER PLURAL FORM!!!

There is some
There isn’t any
Is there any?
UNCOUNTABLE
MY KITCHEN

There is some water on the floor.

There isn’t any sugar in the kitchen.
Is there any milk in the kitchen? No, there isn’t any.
HOW MANY…ARE THERE?

We use “HOW MANY” to ask about the

exact number of countable things.

How many pencils are there?

There is one pencil.
There is a pencil.
HOW MANY ROOMS ARE
THERE IN THE HOUSE?
There are four
rooms.
There is
a bedroom,
a bathroom,
a living room and
a kitchen.
HOW MANY HORSES ARE THERE?

There is one
real horse.

There are
six toys and
there are
seven
pictures of
horses.
NOW REMEMBER!!

Singular…?
or plural?
THERE IS/THERE ARE

There is a lamp.

There are some

pictures.

There aren’t any

windows.

Is there a CD player?

No, there isn’t.

Are there any cushions?

Yes, there are.

 COUNTABLE SINGULAR
MY BATHROOM

There …… …… toilet.

There …… …… shower.

…… there …… mirror?
Yes, there …….
 COUNTABLE PLURAL
IN THE LIVING ROOM…
There …… ……
animals.

There …… ……
chairs.

…… there ……
shelves?
Yes, …… …….
THERE IS/THERE ARE

There …… …… lamp.

There …… …… pictures.

There …… …… windows.

…… there …… CD player?

No, there …….

Are there …… cushions?

Yes, there …….

 THERE IS/THERE ARE
There …… …… table.

There …… …… chairs.

There …… ……TV.

…… there …… knife?
No, there …… .

…… there …… cups?
Yes, there …… .
 UNCOUNTABLE

There …… …… water on the floor.

There …… …… sugar in the kitchen.
…… there …… milk in the kitchen? No, there …… …….