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A Study On Preference of Learning Style in Relation To Academic Achievement in Commerce Among Higher Secondary School Students
A Study On Preference of Learning Style in Relation To Academic Achievement in Commerce Among Higher Secondary School Students
ABSTRACT
The main purpose of thiss research was to investigating We want to educate the students and it is only
the relationship
ionship between learning styles of school learning which is education. In order to develop
students and their academic achievement based on presentation and communication techniques that
their majors (major course of study in high school). facilitate effective learning, a teacher must have some
The
he target population was school students of notions how pupils learn. Course lectures and school
Coimbatore city including 300 students. By means of experiences add to and reveal the very great
multi stage randomly sampling method, 300 differences in how individuals learn. Human
individuals were selected as sample of research. By behaviour, motivation, achievement, personality and
descriptive - survey research method and a self esteem, have
ave impact on the activity of learning.
questionnaire required data were collected. According
to the results sensing intuitive learning styles shows Active learning occurs when the pupil has some
significant correlations with academic achievement of responsibility for the development of the activity.
students whose major was mathematics science. Supporters of this approach recognize that a sense of
Academic achievement of students whose major was ownership and personal involvement is the key to
speculative science shows significant correlation with successful learning. Active learning can be defined as
active-reflective
reflective learning styles. In students with purposeful interaction with ideas, concepts and can
empirical science, academic ic achievement shows involve reading, writing, listening, talking or working
significant correlation with both input dimension with tools, equipment and material such as paint,
(visual-verbal)
verbal) and understand dimension (sequential- wood, chemicals etc. In a simple sense, it is learning
global) of learning. by doing. Active learning is contrasted with
experiential learning. Experiential learning is also
I. INTRODUCTION learning by doing but with the additional feature of
Learning occupies a very important place in human reflection upon both action and the results of the
life. It is a lifelong process. Learning is said to be action. Active learning strategies benefit both teachers
teach
equivalent to change, modification, development, and pupils. As a teacher, they enable to spend more
improvement and adjustment. It is not confined to time with groups or individuals which allows better
school learning, cycling, reading, writing or typing uality assessment to take place. For the pupils activity
but it is comprehensive term which leaves a method encourage autonomous learning and problem
permanent effect or impression on the individuals
individuals. solving skills, important to both academic and
Man is a rational animal. He has got the power of vocationally based work. The advantages of active
reasoning. This power enables him to learn things learning to pupils include greater personal
quickly. Learning plays a very important role in satisfaction, more interaction with peers and
determining behaviour of an individual. It is the basis opportunities to all members of the class to contribute
of success in life. The miracles of present day and respond. It encourages mutual respect and
civilization are the result of learning. Learning appreciation
ion of the viewpoint of others. Active
occupies very important role in the field of education. learning is supportive of co--operative learning, not
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International Journal of Trend in Scientific Research and Development (IJTSRD) ISSN: 2456-6470
things whether it is music, food or learning. Because measurement properties of the LSI reported major
of this, many students, parents, teachers, criticisms which seem to have been ignored. In spite
administrators and even researchers feel that it is of numerous charges of serious instrument weakness,
intuitively correct to say that since different people the Kolb LSI has become the most frequently used
prefer to learn visually, auditively, kinesthetically or method of measuring learning styles among nursing
whatever other way one can think of, we should also students. Continued use of the Kolb LSI in nursing
tailor teaching, learning situations and learning research or as an experiential technique is not
materials to those preferences. Is this a problem? The recommended. There has been a veritable deluge of
answer is a resounding: Yes! Broadly speaking, there research on learning styles among health professionals
are a number of major problems with the notion of in recent years. Upon examination of the learning
learning styles. First, there is quite a difference style literature, one finds a sometimes puzzling array
between the way that someone prefers to learn and of research. Not only are the terms learning styles and
that which actually leads to effective and efficient cognitive styles used almost indiscriminately, but also
learning. Second, a preference for how one studies is the sheer numbers of instruments used to measure
not a learning style. Most so-called learning styles are these constructs are baffling. Nursing students are
based on types; they classify people into distinct among the most frequently studied groups of health
groups. The assumption that people cluster into professionals with regard to the learning style
distinct groups, however, receives very little support construct. Demirkan, H. (2016) explored the
from objective studies. Finally, nearly all studies that learning-style and knowledge-building preferences of
report evidence for learning styles fail to satisfy just interior architecture students using Felder Solomans
about all of the key criteria for scientific validity. This Index of Learning Styles. Considering the learning
article delivers an evidence-informed plea to teachers, and knowledge-building skills of students in design
administrators and researchers to stop propagating the education, this study concludes that the instructor
learning styles myth. Knoll, A. R., Otani, H., Skeel, should not only be a conveyor of knowledge but also
R. L., & Van Horn, K. R. (2017) proposed concept of a facilitator. The findings indicate that design students
learning style is immensely popular despite the lack of preferred learning styles are as follows, in descending
evidence showing that learning style influences order:Sensing/Intuitive, Visual/Verbal, Active/
performance. This study tested the hypothesis that the Reflective and Sequential/Global. In the two-way
popularity of learning style is maintained because it is analysis, where the students design studio grade was
associated with subjective aspects of learning, such as the dependent variable, significant effects were
judgements of learning (JOLs). Preference for verbal obtained for each scale. Furthermore, double
and visual information was assessed using the revised interactions were highly significant between the
Verbalizer Visualizer Questionnaire (VVQ). Then, Active/Reflective and Sensing/Intuitive scales and
participants studied a list of word pairs and a list of between the Active/Reflective and Sequential/Global
picture pairs, making JOLs (immediate, delayed, and scales. Rogowsky, B. A., Calhoun, B. M., & Tallal, P.
global) while studying each list. Learning was tested (2015) hypothesized that providing instruction based
by cued recall. The results showed that higher VVQ on individuals preferred learning styles improves
verbalizer scores were associated with higher learning (i.e., reading for visual learners and listening
immediate JOLs for words, and higher VVQ for auditory learners, also referred to as the meshing
visualizer scores were associated with higher hypothesis), after a critical review of the literature
immediate JOLs for pictures. There was no Pashler, McDaniel, Rohrer, and Bjork (2008)
association between VVQ scores and recall or JOL concluded that this hypothesis lacks empirical
accuracy. As predicted, learning style was associated evidence and subsequently described the experimental
with subjective aspects of learning but not objective design needed to evaluate the meshing hypothesis.
aspects of learning. DeCoux, V. M. (2016) reviewed Following the design of Pashler et al., we empirically
the application of the Kolb Learning Style Inventory investigated the effect of learning style preference
(LSI) in the examination of learning styles among with college-educated adults, specifically as applied
nursing students, as reported in the current literature. to (a) verbal comprehension aptitude (listening or
In general, a lack of significant relationships between reading) and (b) learning based on mode of instruction
learning style and other variables was revealed in the (digital audiobook or e-text). First, participants
research on nursing students. In addition, studies auditory and visual learning style preferences were
undertaken specifically to investigate the established based on a standardized adult learning
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International Journal of Trend in Scientific Research and Development (IJTSRD) ISSN: 2456-6470
style inventory. Participants were then given a verbal between learning style and e-learning performance
comprehension aptitude test in both oral and written and the moderating effects of prior knowledge. The
forms. Results failed to show a statistically significant results show that the sensory/intuitive dimension of
relationship between learning style preference learning style predicts learning performance indirectly
(auditory, visual word) and learning aptitude through the mediation of online participation.
(listening comprehension, reading comprehension). However, other types of learning styles do not affect
Wilkinson, T., Boohan, M., & Stevenson, M. (2014) online participation. Sensory students demonstrate a
learning styles has been conducted for some time, higher level and intuitive students a lower level of
initially within the field of psychology. Recent online participation. Prior knowledge plays an
research has widened to include more diverse important role as a moderator between online
disciplines, with greater emphasis on application. participation and learning performance. This study
Although there are numerous instruments available to was conducted in the context of software usage
measure several different dimensions of learning instruction using empirical data from 219
style, it is generally accepted that styles differ, undergraduate students. Klanja-Milievi, A., Vesin,
although the qualities of more than one style may be B., Ivanovi, M., & Budimac, Z. (2011) Personalized
inherent in any one learner. But do these learning learning occurs when e-learning systems make
styles have a direct effect on student performance in deliberate efforts to design educational experiences
examinations, specifically in different forms of that fit the needs, goals, talents, and interests of their
assessment? For this study, hypotheses were learners. Researchers had recently begun to
formulated suggesting that academic performance is investigate various techniques to help teachers
influenced by learning style. Using the Honey and improve e-learning systems. In this paper, we describe
Mumford Learning Style Questionnaire, learning a recommendation module of a programming tutoring
styles of a cohort of first year medical and dental system - Protus, which can automatically adapt to the
students at Queens University Belfast were assessed. interests and knowledge levels of learners. This
Manolis, C., Burns, D. J., Assudani, R., & Chinta, R. system recognizes different patterns of learning style
(2013) understand experiential learning, many have and learners habits through testing the learning styles
reiterated the need to be able to identify students of learners and mining their server logs. Firstly, it
learning styles. Kolbs Learning Style Model is the processes the clusters based on different learning
most widely accepted learning style model and has styles. Next, it analyzes the habits and the interests of
received a substantial amount of empirical support. the learners through mining the frequent sequences by
Kolbs Learning Style Inventory (LSI), although one the AprioriAll algorithm. Finally, this system
of the most widely utilized instruments to measure completes personalized recommendation of the
individual learning styles, possesses serious learning content according to the ratings of these
weaknesses. This study transforms the LSI from a frequent sequences, provided by the Protus system.
type (categorical measure) to a degree (continuous Some experiments were carried out with two real
measure) style of learning style measure that is not groups of learners: the experimental and the control
only more parsimonious but is also easier to use than group. Learners of the control group learned in a
the existing LSI. Two separate studies using samples normal way and did not receive any recommendation
of engineering and computer science graduate or guidance through the course, while the students of
students (Study 1) and undergraduate and graduate the experimental group were required to use the
students pursuing quantitative degrees (Study 2) Protus system. The results show suitability of using
culminating in a corroborative multi-sample this recommendation model, in order to suggest online
validation were employed, producing a learning activities to learners based on their learning
methodologically sound option to the existing LSI. style, knowledge and preferences.
Implications for future research and guidance for
learning and teaching methods are discussed. Huang,
E. Y., Lin, S. W., & Huang, T. K. (2012)assumed to
be a predictor of learning performance, yet few
studies have identified the mediating and moderating Objectives of the study
effects between the two. This study extends previous 1. To study the relationship between learning styles
research by proposing and testing a model that and academic achievement in commerce among
examines the mediating processes in the relationship higher secondary school students.
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International Journal of Trend in Scientific Research and Development (IJTSRD) ISSN: 2456-6470
2. To find out relationship between learning styles Dependent variable are those events which are by
and academic achievement among commerce hypothesized as dependent on the changes in the
group students. dependent variable (Learning styles among the higher
3. To find out the influence of independent variables secondary school students).
like gender, boards of education, parents monthly
income, medium of instruction and fathers and Design of the study
mothers educational qualification on learning In the presence study Normative survey method will
styles among commerce group students. be adopted. Survey research employee questioner and
4. To find out the influence of independent variables interview to our people who provide informations
like gender, boards of education, parents monthly about them selfs their attitude and believes
income, medium of instruction and fathers and demographic (Age, Gender, Income and So on) the
mothers educational qualification on Academic survey method can be classified into many,but
achievement among commerce group students. according to the objectives and hypotheses in this
presence study normative survey method will be
Research Questions adopted.
1. What are the learning styles in commerce among
higher secondary school students? Population and Sample
2. What are the academic achievements in commerce Sulur is a town panchayat city in district of
among higher secondary school students? Coimbatore, Tamil nadu. Sulur is very rich with
3. Is there is any significant mean score difference in respected in Education. There are several Educational
learning styles between boys and girls among Institution in and around Sulur. Literacy rate of sulur
commerce group school students? Is there is any taluk is 86.68%. There are many higher secondary
significant mean score difference in academic school in this area. Government higher secondary
achievement between boys and girls among schools, Government aided higher secondary schools
commerce group school students? and Matriculation higher secondary schools.
4. Is there is any academic achievement changes due
to educational qualification of their parent? Sampling Techniques
Sampling procedure is a definite plan determined
Hypotheses before any data are actually collected for obtaining a
1. There will be a significant mean score difference sample from a given population under the simple
in learning styles between boys and girls among random sampling technique. This sampling method is
commerce group school students. used for selecting samples. The study is based on
2. There will be a significant mean score difference primary data which is collected from 300 school
in learning styles among students between the students at higher high level and around Coimbatore
group based on their school location. district. The sample which was collected from various
3. There will be a significant mean score difference college located in and around Coimbatore is shown as
in the learning styles among students between the below.
group based on various boards of education. Table 1.1
4. There will be a significant mean score difference List of schools used for data collection
in the learning styles among students between the S. Number of
Name of the schools
group based on medium of instruction. No students
1. GOVT BOYS HSS, SULUR 52
2. GOVT GIRLS HSS, SULUR 49
Variables KENNEDY MAT HSS
An independent variable is a variable that is expected 3. 48
SCHOOL,SULUR
to influence the dependent variables. Its value may be KALAIVANI MAT HSS
4. 51
changed or altered, which is independent of any other SCHOOL,SULUR
variables. Also the following demographic variables MICHAEL JOB MAT
5. 47
were used as independent variables. SCHOOL,RAVATHUR
6. GHSS KANNAMPALAYAM 53
Gender (Boys/Girls).
TABLE 1.2
School Location (Rural/Urban).
Distribution of samples based on variables
Board of Education (State board/Matriculation).
Medium of study (Tamil/English) S.
Category Subgroups Number % Total
No
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International Journal of Trend in Scientific Research and Development (IJTSRD) ISSN: 2456-6470
Boys 192 64
1. Gender 300
Girls 108 36
Rural 100 33
2. Locality 300
Urban 200 67
State
154 51
3. Board Board 300
Matric 146 49
Tamil 154 51
4. Medium 300
English 146 49 Figure 1:Relationship Between Students Gender and
Learning Styles and Academic Achievement in
Research Tool Commerce Among Higher Secondary School
Tool becomes another major consideration in an Students
education research. The instrument employed for the
collection of data required for the study of any Testing Hypothesis 2:
problem is called tool. Tool employ distinction way of There will be a significant mean score difference in
describing and qualifying the data the important tools learning styles and academic achievement in
of educational research include interview schedule, commerce among higher secondary school students
questionnaire, observation, rating scale, proficiency based on School Location (Rural/Urban).
test, psychological tests and sociogram.
TABLE 1.4
Testing Hypothesis 1: Mean Score difference and t- value of factors related
There will be a significant mean score difference in to learning styles and academic achievement in
learning styles between boys and girls among commerce among higher secondary school students
commerce group school students. based on School Location (Rural/Urban).
S. Locality N Mean Df t- Re-
TABLE 1.3 No Value sult
Mean Score difference and t- value of factors related 1. Rural 100 1.4722 292 -2.311 S
to learning styles and academic achievement in 2. Urban 200 1.6212
commerce among higher secondary school students Total 300 1.5467
based on gender The Table 1.4 shows the mean score difference in
S. Gender N Mean Df t- Re- learning styles and academic achievement in
No Value sult commerce among higher secondary school students
1. Boys 112 1.2516 192 1.7612 S based on School Location (Rural/ Urban).The
2. Girls 118 1.3219 calculate t value is statistically a significance at 0.05
Total 300 1.5416 levels and hence the hypotheses 2 is accepted. It can
be concluded that there is a significant difference in
The Table 1.3 shows the mean score difference in mean score difference in learning styles and academic
learning styles and academic achievement in achievement in commerce among higher secondary
commerce among higher secondary school students school students based on School Location
Based on gender (Boys/Girls).The calculate t value is
statistically a significance at 0.05 levels and hence the
hypotheses 1 is accepted. It can be concluded that
there is a significant difference in mean score
difference in learning styles and academic
achievement in commerce among higher secondary
school students based on gender.
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International Journal of Trend in Scientific Research and Development (IJTSRD) ISSN: 2456-6470
Testing Hypothesis 3: TABLE 1.6
There will be a significant mean score difference in Mean Score difference and t- value of factors related
learning styles and academic achievement in to level of study on Ecological awareness of high
commerce among higher secondary school students school students in Coimbatore district based on
based on Study Board. parents annual income
S. Mediu N Mean Df t- Re-
TABLE 1.5 No m Value sult
Mean Score difference and t- value of factors related 1. Tamil 154 1.0481 299 -2.215 S
to learning styles and academic achievement in 2. English 146 1.3221
commerce among higher secondary school students Total 300 1.1851
based on Study board The Table 1.6 shows the mean score difference in
S. Board N Mean Df t- Re- learning styles and academic achievement in
No Value sult commerce among higher secondary school students
1. State 154 1.1325 299 0.991 NS based on Medium of study (Tamil/English). The
Board calculate t value is statistically a significance at 0.05
2. Matric 146 1.1021 levels and hence the hypotheses 4 is accepted. It can
Total 300 1.1173 be concluded that there is a significant difference in
mean score difference in learning styles and academic
The Table 1.5 shows the mean score difference in achievement in commerce among higher secondary
learning styles and academic achievement in school students based on Medium of Study.
commerce among higher secondary school students
based on Study board.The calculate t value is
statistically no significance at 0.05 levels and hence
the hypotheses 3 is rejected. It can be concluded that
there is no significant difference in mean score
difference in learning styles and academic
achievement in commerce among higher secondary
school students based on Study board.
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International Journal of Trend in Scientific Research and Development (IJTSRD) ISSN: 2456-6470
Summary
A study on learning styles in relation to academic 2. AAl-Qirim, N., Tarhini, A., Rouibah, K.,
achievement among students was studied and the Mohamd, S., Yammahi, A. R., & Yammahi, M. A.
findings reveal that there is a significant (2018). Learning orientations of IT higher
difference between learning styles and academic education students in UAE University. Education
achievement in commerce among higher and Information Technologies, 23(1), 129-142..
secondary school students with respect to
3. Choudhary, R., Dullo, P., & Tandon, R. V. (2011).
gender,locality and medium of study.
Gender differences in learning style preferences of
A study on learning styles in relation to academic
first year medical students. Pak J Physiol, 7(2),
achievement among students was studied and the
42-45.
findings reveal that there is no significant
difference between learning styles and academic 4. Jeelani, S., Sabesan, S., & Subramanian, S.
achievement in commerce among higher (2015). Community knowledge, awareness and
secondary school students with respect to board of preventive practices regarding dengue fever in
education. PuducherrySouth India. Public health, 129(6),
790-796.
Limitations 5. Klanja-Milievi, A., Vesin, B., Ivanovi, M., &
The study has certain limitation, which are as Budimac, Z. (2011). E-Learning personalization
follows: based on hybrid recommendation strategy and
Only 300 students are selected as sampling for the learning style identification. Computers &
study. Education, 56(3), 885-899.
The project has been restricted to analyze and
study in learning styles and its impact on 6. Kumar, R., & Pande, N. (2018). Assessing
academic achievement among students . learning style preference of working professional
The study is restricted to the school students of cohorts in India: an empirical study using Honey-
Sulur. Mumfords learning style questionnaire.
International Journal of Indian Culture and
Conclusion and Future Recommendations Business Management, 16(3), 245-263.
A Similar Study can be conducted for dissertation
by taking more number of concepts and students. APPENDICES
The study can be conducted to other schools PROFORMA FOR BASIC DATA
around Tamilnadu. 1. Name of the Student :
Present survey helps to investigate the study of 2. Name of the School :
teacher role for higher high students
3. Gender : Boys[] Girls[]
A similar study can also be conducted using
various variables. 4. School Location : Urban[] Rural[]
5. Board : State board[]
The conclusion is that there is a significant Matriculation[]
relationship between gender, school location and 6. Medium of study : Tamil[] English[]
medium of study on impact of learning styles among 7. Family Nature : Nuclear[] Joint[]
students .While taking decision on impact of learning 8. Father’s Qualification :
styles among students their board of education has to
9. Father’s Occupation :
be taken for decision making process.
10. Mother’s Qualification :
Bibliography 11. Mother’s Occupation :
1. AlQahtani, N., AlMoammar, K., Taher, S.,
lBarakati, S., & AlKofide, E. (2018). Learning
preferences among dental students using the
VARK questionnaire: A comparison between
different academic levels and gender. JPMA. The
Journal of the Pakistan Medical Association,
68(1), 59-64.
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International Journal of Trend in Scientific Research and Development (IJTSRD) ISSN: 2456-6470
2456
Questionnaire