Section A

[60 marks]
Answer all questions in this section.
You are advised to spend 90 minutes on this section.

1. Figure 1.1 shows the meniscus of oil in a measuring cylinder. P, Q and R are three eye positions while
measuring the volume of the oil.

(a) (i) Which position of the eye is correct while taking the reading of the volume of oil ?

________________________________________________________________________________
[1 mark]
(ii) Give one reason for the answer in (a)(i).

________________________________________________________________________________
[1 mark]
(b) The oil in the measuring cylinder is replaced with 30 cm of mercury.
(i) In Figure 1.2, draw the meniscus of the mercury in the measuring cylinder. [1 mark]

(ii) Explain what causes the shape of the meniscus of mercury you have drawn in (b)(i).

________________________________________________________________________________

________________________________________________________________________________
[1 mark]
2. A student studies the effect of the movement of a lift on the readings of a weighing scale. The mass of
the student is 50 kg.
In this study, the student stands on a weighing scale in a lift as shown in Figure 6.1.

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 He records the readings of the weighing scale when the lift is at rest, moving up with acceleration,
moving up with uniform velocity, moving down with uniform velocity and moving down with
deceleration.
The reading of the weighing scale in the study are shown in Table 6.1.

(a) The mass of the student is 50 kg. What is the weight of the student in newtons ?

_______________ N [1 mark]

(b) State two types of movement of the lift when the reading on the weighing scale is equal to
the mass of the student.

1. ___________________________ 2. ______________________________ [2 marks]

(c) F is the resultant force that acts on the student.

R is the normal reaction of the weighing scale on the student.
m is the mass of the student.
g is the gravitational acceleration.
Write a general equation to show the relationship between F, R, m and g.

________________________________________________________________________________
[1 mark]

(d) When the lift moves up with acceleration, the normal reaction is greater than his weight.
Explain why.
________________________________________________________________________________

________________________________________________________________________________
[2 marks]
(e) (i) What is observed on the reading of the weighing scale when the lift moves down with
acceleration?
_____________________________________________________________________________
[1 mark]
(ii) Give a reason for your answer in (e)(i).

_____________________________________________________________________________
[1 mark]
3. Figure 3.1 shows the arrangement of apparatus in an experiment to determine the relationship between
the extension e of a spring T with weight W. The relationship of e with W is shown in the graph in
Figure 3.2.

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 (a) A law states that;
The extension of a spring is directly proportional to the force applied if the elastic limit of the
spring is not exceeded.
(i) Name this law
__________________________________________________________________________
[1 mark]
(ii) Mark with a cross (x) the elastic limit of the spring on the graph in Figure 3.2.
[1 mark]
(b) The spring stores energy when it is extended. Calculate the energy stored in the spring when it
is extend by 4 cm.

[3 marks]

4. Diagram 4 shows a worker lifting a load of mass 20 kg using a pulley system. The worker applies force
of 220 N to pull the rope down a distance of 0.5 m. The load is raised to a height of 0.5 m.

(a) What is meant by work?

________________________________________________________________________________
[1 mark]

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 (b) Calculate the work done
(i) by the worker to pull the rope down a distance of 0.5 m.

[2 marks]
(ii) on the load to raise it to a height of 0.5 m.

[2 marks]
(c) (i) Compare the work done in 4(b)(i) and 4(b)(ii).

_____________________________________________________________________________
[1 mark]
(ii) State why there is a difference between the work done in 4(b)(i) and 4(b)(ii).

_____________________________________________________________________________
[1 mark]
(d) The diagram shows a sack of coal weighing 500 N is pulled to the back of a lorry in 4 s.

(i) How much work is done on the sack?

[3 marks]
(ii) At what rate is the man doing work?

[2 marks]
5. Diagram 5.1 shows the situation of a sheet of paper before and when air is blown.
Diagram 5.2 shows the situation of the canopy before the lorry moves and when the lorry moves at high
speed.

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(a) What is meant by speed?

________________________________________________________________________________
[1 mark]
(b) Based on Diagram 5.1 and Diagram 5.2 :
(i) State two similarities for the situation in Diagram 5.1 and Diagram 5.2.

1. ___________________________________________________________________________

2. ___________________________________________________________________________
[2 marks]
(ii) Compare the air pressure above and below the paper when air is blown.

_____________________________________________________________________[1 mark]
(iii) Relate the speed of the air to the pressure of the air.

_____________________________________________________________________________
[1 mark]
(c) Name the principle involved in 5(b)(iii).

________________________________________________________________________________
[1 mark]
(d) Diagram 5.3 shows an instrument used to measure the speed of air.

In Diagram 5.3, the levels of coloured water in the U-tube are the same before air flows.
(i) Compare the speeds of air at P and at Q.

_____________________________________________________________________________
[1 mark]
(ii) Mark the water levels in the U-tube in Diagram 5.3 while air flows. [1 mark]

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6. Figure 3.1 shows a student standing 3 m from a plane mirror in a room. The student can see the image of
the wall clock located 2 m behind him.

Figure 3.2 shows the top view of the student in the room.

(a) Name the light phenomenon that enables the student to see the image of the wall clock in the plane
mirror.
________________________________________________________________________________
[1 mark]
(b) What is the distance between the student and the image of the wall clock?

________________________________________________________________________________
[1 mark]
(c) The student then moves 1 m towards the plane mirror. What is the distance between the student and
the image of the wall clock?
________________________________________________________________________________
[1 mark]
(d) The time shown by the wall clock is 9 a.m.
By drawing the hands of the clock in Figure 3.3, complete the image of the wall clock in the plane
mirror as seen by the student.

[1 mark]
(e) The student moves to position X. He can see the image of the lamp in the plane mirror. In Figure
3.4, draw a ray diagram to show how the student can see the image of the lamp.

[2 marks]

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7. Diagram 2 shows a mercury thermometer which has not been calibrated.

(a) (i) State the physical change in the mercury when the temperature increases.

_____________________________________________________________________________
[1 marks]
(ii) Why is mercury used in the thermometer?

_____________________________________________________________________________
[1 mark]
(b) The length of the mercury column in the thermometer is 2.6 cm at 0 °C and 22.6 cm at 100 °C.
(i) What is the difference in the lengths of the mercury columns at 0 °C and at 100 °C?

_____________________________________________________________________________
[1 mark]
(ii) When the thermometer is placed in hot oil, the length of the mercury column is 16.9 cm.
Calculate the temperature of the hot oil.

[2 marks]

(c)
200 g of ice are heated by using a 580 W electric heater. Figure 1 shows the heating curve for the
ice. Assume that the heating is uniform and there is no heat loss to the surroundings.
(i) State the physical state of the ice in the following sections of the graph :

QR : ________________________________ RS : _________________________________

ST : ____________________________ [3 marks]

(ii) Calculate the specific latent heat of fusion of ice in SI units.

[2 marks]

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8.
Figure (a) Figure (b)

An experiment is carried out to investigate the relationship between pressure (P) and volume (V) of
a fixed mass of gas at constant temperature. The results are expressed in the form of a graph as
shown in Figure (a).
(a) What is the relationship between P and V of the gas shown in Figure (a)?

__________________________________________________________________________
[1 mark]
(b) Name the law that governs the relationship in (a)(i).

__________________________________________________________________________
[1 mark]
(c) Sketch the graph of P against V in Figure (b). [1 mark]
(d) Based on the graph in Figure (a),
(i) calculate the gradient of the graph, k.

[1 mark]
(ii) form an equation relating P and V.

_______________________________________________________________________
[1 mark]
(iii) Hence or otherwise, determine the pressure of the gas p when its volume, V = 25
cm3.

[2 marks]

Section B
[20 marks]
Answer any one question from this section.
You are advised to spend 30 minutes on this section.
9. Figures 1.1. and 1.2 show the parallel rays of light directed toward the curved mirrors, J and K. CP is the
radius of curvature, and F is the focal point of the mirrors.

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 (a) What is meant by focal point? [1 mark]

(b) Using Figures 1.1 and 1.2, compare the curvature of mirrors J and K and the effects on reflected
rays.
State the relationship between the curvature of the mirrors and their focal lengths. [5 marks]

(c) Figure 1.3 shows a cross section of a parabolic reflector used in a car headlamp. The headlamp has
two bulbs, X and Y. Bulb X is located at the focal point of the reflector while bulb Y is above bulb
X.
Explain what happens to the light rays from the bulb when only:
(i) bulb X is switched on,
(ii) bulb Y is switched on.
You may use diagrams to illustrate your answers. [4 marks]

(d) You are given two pieces of plane mirror measuring 5 cm x 6 cm to make a periscope.
(i) Using these mirrors and other materials, describe how you would make the periscope. [4 marks]
(ii) Explain why the image observed through the periscope using plane mirrors are not very clear.
[2 marks]
(iii) Suggest modification that can be made to the periscope to produce clearer and bigger images.
[4 marks]
10. (a) Diagram 7.1 shows a metal block immersed in water of density 1000 kg m3, labelled as experiment
A. Diagram 7.2 shows the same metal block immersed in a salt solution of density 1100 kg m3,
labelled as experiment B.

(i) What is meant by buoyant force? [1 mark]

(ii) Using Diagram 7.1 and Diagram 7.2, compare the volume and the mass of liquid displaced.
Relate the buoyant force in the two experiments to determine the readings of the spring balance.
[5 marks]
(iii) If the mass of water displaced in experiment A is 425 g, what is the buoyant force on the block
in experiment A? [2 marks]
(iv) State the principle used to find the answer in (iii). [2 marks]
(v) Find the buoyant force on the block in experiment B. [2 marks]

(b) Diagram 7.3 shows an experiment carried out by putting a metre rule on a table and it was covered
by a sheet of newspaper. A student used his hand to push the metre rule downwards.

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 The student found that it was very difficult to lift up the paper.
(i) Explain this observation. [ 5 marks]
(ii) Suggest the modification that needs to be done on the newspaper to enable the newspaper to be
easier to lift up. [3 marks]

Section C
[20 marks]
Answer any one question from this section.
You are advised to spend 30 minutes on this section.

11. (a) (i) What is meant by specific latent heat of vapourization? [1 mark]
(ii) Explain why someone who is sweating feels cool when he is under a rotating fan. [4 marks]

(b) A solid substance, of mass 0.05 kg, is heated using an immersion heater of 240 0.1 kW.
Diagram 11.1 shows the heating curve of the solid.

Calculate
(i) the specific latent heat of fusion of the substance,
(ii) the specific heat capacity of the substance in liquid state. [5 marks]

(c) You are asked to investigate the features of cooling material and the design of a car engine radiator
as in Diagram 11.2. Explain the suitability of each features in Diagram 11.2 and then determine the
most suitable car engine radiator to be used.
Give a reason for your choice. [10 marks] Diagram 11.2

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12. (a) Define power. [1 mark]
(b) Two students Kai Seng and Tong Ghee run up a set of five steps as shown in the diagram.

Kai Seng with a mass of 48 kg runs up the stairs in 105 s and Tong Ghee with a mass of 55 kg takes
130 s to run up the stairs.
(i) How much work is done by Kai Seng to run up the stairs (g = 10 N kg -1)? [2 marks]
(ii) Compare the power of Kai Seng with that of Tong Ghee running up the stairs. [3 marks]

(c) State the principle of conservation of energy. [2 marks]

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(d) An electric motor is used to lift a box of mass 5 kg through a height of 10 m in 20 s. If the motor has
a power rating of 40 W, what is the efficiency of the motor?
Explain why the efficiency of the motor is not 100% when the box reaches the top, it is suddenly
disconnected and it drops freely as shown in the diagram. [4 marks]

(i) What is the total energy of the box at Q? [2 marks]

(ii) Calculate the velocity of the box at S. [2 marks]
(iii) Compare the velocity of the box at R with the velocity of the box at S. [3 marks]
(iv) What assumption is made for the above calculation? [1 marks]

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