Gender refers to socially constructed roles and responsibilities of women and men.

The
difference in roles and responsibilities among women and men comes from our families,
societies and culture. The concept of gender includes our expectations about the characteristics,
attitudes and behaviors of women and men, and is vital in facilitating gender analysis.

The different roles, rights and resources that both the genders have in society are important
determinants of the nature and scope of their inequality and poverty. Inequality in access to
resources between women and men is most common in poor and developing countries.

More frequently women earn less than men for doing jobs of equal value. One of the main causes
is the way women's competences are valued compared to men's.
Jobs requiring similar skills, qualifications or experience tend to be poorly paid and undervalued
when they are dominated by women rather than by men. For example, the (mainly female) cashiers
in a supermarket usually earn less than the (mainly male) employees involved in stacking shelves
and other more physical tasks.
In addition the evaluation of performance, and hence pay level and career progression, may also be
biased in favour of men. For example, where women and men are equally well qualified, more value
can be attached to responsibility for capital than to responsibility for people.

Women

So, investing in girls' education is the most effective way to pursue a broad range of critical
development objectives. Educated women have fewer children, provide better nutrition and health for
their families, experience significantly lower child mortality, generate more income and are far more
likely to educate their children than women with little or no schooling, as such creating a virtuous cycle
for the community and the country.

Man

competences

Pakistani civil society has produced a significant number of big and small, courageous NGOs which
work to improve Pakistani women's global situation and particularly to prevent violence against
women, for instance:

 the All Pakistan Women's Association, founded in 1949,

 the Aurat Foundation, registered in 1986,
 Blue Veins, which works primarily on health issues in rural areas,
 the Society for Appraisal and Women Empowerment in Rural Areas (SAWERA), founded in
2004 in Khyber Agency, famous for the assassination of its founder Fareeda Afridi who was
gunned down in June 2012.[113][114]

A majority of the victims of honour killings are women and the punishments meted out to the
murderers are very lenient.[24][66] The practice of summary killing of a person suspected of an illicit
liaison is known as karo kari in Sindh and Balochistan. In December 2004, the Government passed
a bill that made karo kari punishable under the same penal provisions as murder.[67] In 2016,
Pakistan repealed the loophole which allowed the perpetrators of honour killings to avoid
punishment by seeking forgiveness for the crime from another family member, and thus be legally
pardoned.[68] Many cases of honour killings have been reported against women who marry against
their family's wishes, who seek divorce or who have been raped.[69]