Design of

Circular Beam
Example

ACI 318-99
 Design of Circular Beams Dr. Mohammed Arafa

Design of Circular Beam

Example 1 (ACI 318-99)

Design a semi-circular beam supported on three-equally spaced columns. The centers of the
columns are on a circular curve of diameter 8m. The beam is support a uniformly distributed
factored load of 5.0 t/m, in addition to its own weight.

= =
Use f c' 350 kg / cm 2 and f y 4200 kg / cm 2

Solution B

= (π 2 ) 6.28 m
L r=
P
=
hmin L=
/18.5 628=
/18.5 33.94cm c.g
use Beam 40×70 cm
2R/
o. w. of the beam =0.4(0.7)(2.5)(1.4)=0.98 t/m’
total load= 5.14+0.84=5.98 t/m’ θ
A C
O
= =
M max( −ve ) 0.429wR 2
= 41.05 t .m
0.429(5.98)(4) 2

= =
M max( +ve ) 0.1514 =
wR 2 0.1514(5.98)(4) 2
14.48 t .m
= =
T max 0.1042 =
wR 2 0.1042(5.98)(4) 2
9.97 t .m
Reactions
wR 5.98(4)
R=A (π − =
2) (π − =
2 ) 13.65 ton
2 2
=
R B 2= = 47.84 ton
wR 2(5.98)(4)
wR
Shear at point P: =
V θ (π − 2 ) −wR θ
2
23.92

13.65

2.28

13.65

23.92
Shear Force Diagram
 Design of Circular Beams Dr. Mohammed Arafa

41.05

2.28

14.48 14.48

Bending Moment Diagram

Design for Reinforcement

d=70-4.0-0.8-1.25=63.95

0.85 ⋅ 350  2.61 ⋅105 ( 41.05 ) 

ρ=
−ve 1 − 1 − =  0.0697 > ρ min
4200  40 ⋅ 63.95 ⋅ 350 
 
=A s ( −ve ) (=0.00697 )( 40 )( 63.95 ) 17.85 cm 2

0.85 ⋅ 350  2.61 ⋅105 (14.48 ) 

ρ
= −ve 1 − 1 − =  0.00238 < ρ min
4200  40 ⋅ 63.95 ⋅ 350 
 
A s ( +ve ) = ( 0.0033)( 40 )( 63.95 ) = 8.44cm 2

Design for Shear

= =
V max 23.92 ton (T 0.0 at middle support)
φV c =
0.53 ( 0.85) 350(40)(63.95) 21.56 ton
23.92 − 21.56
=VS = 2.77 ton
0.85
AV
2.77 ⋅1000 = 4200(63.95)
S
AV
= 0.0103 cm 2 / cm
S
 Design of Circular Beams Dr. Mohammed Arafa

Design for Torsion

0.265φ f c' Acp2

Tu ≤ ⇒ neglect torsion
pcp
Acp = 2 (b + h ) , A 0 h =
b h, pcp = 2 ( x 0 + y 0 ) and A 0 =
x 0 y 0 , ph = 0.85x 0 y 0
The following equation has to be satisfied to check for ductlity
2
 V u   Tu p h 
  + 2 
≤ 0.263φ f c'
 bw d   1.7Aoh 
Reinforcement
AT Tu
=
S 2φ f ys A 0

 AT  1.3 f c' Acp  AT 

=Al  =
 p h and A l ,min −  ph
 S  fy  S 

At section of maximum torsion is located at θ=59.43

T=9.97 t.m
wR 59.43
V u = (π − 2 ) −wR θ =
13.65 − 5.98(4)( 2π ) =−11.6 ton
2 360
M = 0.0
=φV c 0.53 ( 0.85 ) 350(40)(63.95)
= 21.56 ton >V u ( No shear reinf.required )
0.265φ f c' Acp2 0.265 ( 0.85 ) f c' ( 40 ⋅ 70 )
2

= = 1.50 t .m < T u
pcp 2 ( 40 + 70 )105

i.e torsion must be considered

 Design of Circular Beams Dr. Mohammed Arafa

Ductility Check
The following equation has to be satisfied
2
 V u   Tu p h 
  + 2 
≤ 0.263φ f c'
 bw d   1.7Aoh 
x 0 = 40 − 4 − 4 − 0.8 = 31.2
y 0 = 70 − 4 − 4 − 0.8 = 61.2
p h = 2 ( x 0 + y 0 ) = 2 ( 31.2 + 61.2 ) = 184.8 cm
Aoh = 31.2 ⋅ 61.2 = 1909.44 cm 2

 11.16 ⋅103   ( 9.97 ⋅10 ) (184.8 ) 

2 2
 V u   Tu p h 
5

  + =2    +   = 30.04 kg / cm 2
 ⋅   1.7 (1909.44 ) 
2
 bw d   1.7 Aoh  40 63.95

0.263φ f c' 0.263

= = ( 0.85) 350 41.82 kg / cm 2 > 30.04 kg / cm 2
i.e section dimension are adequate for preventing brittle failure due to combined shear stresses.

AT Tu 9.97 ⋅105
= = = 0.086 cm 2 / cm
S 2φ f ys A 0 2 ( 0.85 ) 4200 ( 0.85 ⋅1909.44 )
 AT  3.5bw 3.5 ( 40 )
 =  = = 0.0167 cm 2 / cm
 S min 2f ys 2 ( 4200 )
 AV   AT 
 + =0 + 0.086 =
0.086cm 2 / cm
 S   S 
A 1.13
Use φ12mm @12.5cm (closed stirrups) with= = 0.0904cm 2 / cm
S 12.5

 AT 
=A l = (184.8) 15.98cm 2
 p h 0.086=
 S 
1.3 f c' Acp A  1.3 350 ( 40 ⋅ 70 )
A l=
,min − T =ph − 15.98
= 0.234 cm 2
fy  S  4200
15.98
=
Al = 5.33cm 2
3
Use 2φ 20 top and 4φ14skin reinforcement
(A )
s , +ve total = 5.33 + 8.44 = 13.77cm 2 use 6φ18mm

(A )
s , −ve total = 17.83 + 8.44 = 23.16cm 2 use8φ 20mm
Design of Circular Beams Dr. Mohammed Arafa

2φ20mm
Stirrups φ12@12.5cm
2φ14mm
70 cm
2φ14mm

6φ18mm

40 cm

6φ20mm 2φ20mm
4φ12mm

6φ18mm