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T.Biomdeules
Classification of biomolecules:
@) Lipids
(2) Carbshydrates
(3) Froteins
* (4) Nudeic odds
A. Lipids
Lipids — water-insgluble substances that can be extracted
from cells by nonpolar organic solvents.
‘Types of lipids:
() Fats
(D Steroids
(3) Terpenes
4, Fats — mest aburdant lipid present in an organism.
~ man censtitvent of the adipocytes (al far fat
Storage) in animals and plants.
= one cf the impertant fod reserves of an organism.
= refered fr as oilS when thy are in te liquid
state.
= abo called "sil" f they are extracted from plant
and "fats" if theyare obtained from an anwmal.
= esters derived from glycerol and fatty auds.
= other names: triacyiglycenols (TAGs)
‘triacylglycerides
triglycerides (TG 5)
ahycerides.
Sterage of fatty adds (vio esterificahon):
9
CoH COOH Cheo-e-
Cho 4° ROH ==> cH-o-C-R’
buon "Coon J Louie
Glycerol Fatty acids Fat
Criaeylglycere)
® cis-Unsaturation of the acid chains of o fat lowers its
melting pant.
AS. Balingit
Saponification (hydrlysis of fats): {eae
t ee hy co RCC" Nat
eee tv + { RC0O"Nat
IF ane con | RYGOOTNat
i oe (eum cyl)
Hard soap = sadium carboxylate,
Soft sap = potassium carboxylate,
Micelles ~ spherical clusters of hundreds of soap molecules,
Hydeophabic Sipochiic end i
(nonpolar)
(polar)
=a
a gu
A micene
‘Amghipathic ~ characteristic of a molecule. with hydrophilic
and lipophilic ends.
Unsatwated fat —p loner mp. — liquid —> cheaper
Satuated fat => higher mp. —» solid —> more
Chydragenated fat) ety
Hacdening ~ industrial hydrogenation of unsaturated
ie
Ha in Ni
175-190°C
20-40 psi
Unssturated fat (2) Saturated fat (5)
# A hydrogenated fat becomes rancid much less readily
than does @ non-hydragenated fat