5.

Maximum distortion energy theory or von Mises criteria

U=Uv+ Ud
Ud = U-Uv
[] = []u+ []d
𝑚 0 0
[]u=[ 0 𝑚 0 ]
0 0 𝑚
1 1 1
Uv= 2 𝑚 ε𝑚 + 2 𝑚 ε𝑚 + 2 𝑚 ε𝑚
3 1 +2 +3 ε1 +ε2 +ε3
= = 2( )( )
3 3

1 1 +2 +3 2ν
= (1 + 2 + 3 ) ( − (1 + 2 + 3 ))
6 𝐸 𝐸

1
= (1 + 2 + 3 )2 (1 − 2ν )
6𝐸

Ud = U-Uv
1 1
= [1 2 + 2 2 + 3 2 − 2ν(1 2 + 2 3 + 3 1 )] − (1 + 2 + 3 )2 (1 − 2ν )
2𝐸 6𝐸

2(1+ν)
= (1 2 + 2 2 + 3 2 − 1 2 − 2 3 − 3 1 )
6𝐸
(1+ν)
= [(1 − 2 )2 + (2 − 3 )2 + (3 − 1 )2 ]
6𝐸
1 1
=6𝐺 (1 2 + 2 2 + 3 2 − 1 2 − 2 3 − 3 1 ) ≥ 6𝐺 𝑦 2

According to Maximum distortion energy theory for a complex loading condition, failure occurs at any
1
point where distortion energy [1 2 + 2 2 + 3 2 − (1 2 + 2 3 + 3 1 )] becomes more than or
6𝐺
1
equal to maximum distortion energy for a uniaxial distortion energy 6𝐺 𝑦 2

6. Octahedral Shear Stress Theory

According to this theory failure occurs at any point for compression loading condition when maximum
octahedral shear stress becomes more than the maximum octahedral stress for uniaxial loading case
1 1
𝜏𝑜𝑐𝑡 = [(1 − 2 )2 + (2 − 3 )2 + (3 − 1 )2 ]2
3
Hence, the distortion energy theory states that failure occurs when
9𝜏𝑜𝑐𝑡 2 ≥ 2𝑦 2
√2
Or 𝜏𝑜𝑐𝑡 ≥ 
3 𝑦
 EXPRESSION OF SHEAR STRESSES CONSIDERING PURE TORSION

Now replacing 1 = 𝜏, 2 = 0 and 3 = −𝜏

1. Max. Principal stress ≥ 𝑦

Then 𝜏≥ 𝜏𝑦

2. Maximum Principal Strain 1 – ν (2 + 3 ) ≥ 𝑦

Or 𝜏 + ν 𝜏≥ 𝜏𝑦
𝑦
3. Maximum Shear Stress Theory 𝜏𝑚𝑎𝑥 ≥ 2
1 −2 𝑦
Or ≥
2 2
Or 𝜏≥ 𝜏𝑦
1
4. Maximum Strain Energy Theory 𝑈 = 2𝐸 [1 2 + 2 2 + 3 2 − 2ν(1 2 + 2 3 + 3 1 )]≥
1
𝑦 2
2𝐸
1
U= 2𝐸 [𝜏 2 + 𝜏 2 − 2ν(−𝜏 2 )]
1
U=𝐸 [(1 + ν)(𝜏 2 )]
1
Or 𝑈 = 𝐸 (1 + ν)𝜏𝑦 2
5. Maximum distortion energy theory
1 1
Ud =6𝐺 (1 2 + 2 2 + 3 2 − 1 2 − 2 3 − 3 1 )≥ 6𝐺 𝑦 2
1
=6𝐺 [𝜏 2 + 𝜏 2 + 𝜏 2 ]
1
=2𝐺 𝜏 2
2(1+ν) 2
= 𝜏
2𝐸
(1+ν) 2 (1+ν)
= 𝐸 𝜏 𝑂𝑅 𝐸
𝜏𝑦 2
6. Octahedral Shear Stress Theory
1 1 √2
𝜏𝑜𝑐𝑡 = [(1 − 2 )2 + (2 − 3 )2 + (3 − 1 )2 ]2 ≥ 
3 3 𝑦
1
= 3 [𝜏 2 + 𝜏 2 + (−𝜏 − 𝜏)2 ]1/2
1
1
=3 [𝜏 2 + 𝜏 2 + 4𝜏 2 ]2
1
=3 [6𝜏 2 ]1/2

2 2
=√3 𝜏 𝑂𝑅 √ 𝜏𝑦
3