OUTLINE IN PERSONS

AND FAMILY RELATIONS

SY 2018-2019
-------------------
Note: All articles references are to the Family Code unless a Civil
Code article reference (NCC) is indicated.

Required Text: Family Law in the Philippines, Legarda, Mawis, Vargas

(2017 ed)
Tolentino, Persons and Family Law, Vol. 1

We will use a variety of teaching/learning methods to achieve the goals of

this course, to keep things interesting, and to accommodate various learning
styles. I ask for your forbearance when I am using a style that works for
others, but not for you.

The methods include:

A. Teacher and student presentation
B. Whole class, small group and team discussion and problem solving
C. Practice exams and quizzes
D. Other

V. ROLES
A. Teacher
1. Work hard to help students succeed in the course
2. Share knowledge
3. Model skills and values
4. Provide feedback to students
5. Lead in course and class design
6. Lead in maintaining a positive, challenging learning environment
7. Provide feedback to students
8. Grade student performance
9. Other

B. Students
1. Work hard to achieve the goals of the course
2. Assist in course and class design
3. Actively contribute to maintaining a positive, respectful, challenging
learning environment
4. Share knowledge

1
5. Provide feedback to teacher and other students
6. Cooperate and collaborate with other students working in teams
7. Other

PROFESSIONAL ENGAGEMENT IN LAW SCHOOL

As you may know, you are creating your professional reputation in the law.
Accordingly, please behave as the best attorneys do. This includes paying
attention and responding to what others say as well as working with others
to collectively learn the material.

Please be prepared for class and to be ready to work. Please listen to others,
avoid dominating discussion, take the initiative to improve your skills, take
risks and be resourceful. Please seek help when you realize you need it or
when recommended. Please show up every day on time and stay in class the
whole time.

If you are unable to attend a class due to illness or other good reason, please
notify me before class, if possible. You may receive an excused absence if
you notify me in writing why you need to miss class and provide me with
sufficient information for me to excuse you. If you accumulate 5 or more
unexcused absences, you will fail the course and you will be given a “5” in
the class.

You are responsible for learning information and getting the handouts
provided in class or made available online. If you missed class, talk to
classmates to learn what happened and get notes.

When you are in class, please be prepared to participate in the discussion—

and to engage. Being “prepared” does not mean you have become an expert
on the material; it does mean that you will have read (generally more than
once for court opinions) and thought about the assigned materials, completed
assigned work, and be ready to engage and discuss this work with others.
You will not be penalized for asking what you might think are “stupid
questions” or letting me know when you are confused. You are responsible,
however, for asking questions when you do not understand material.

In class, you are each responsible for participating to an appropriate extent,

i.e., neither being silent nor dominating the discussion, but doing your share
of the talking.

2
If you cannot prepare for a class, please notify me that you are unprepared at
the beginning of class. Being unprepared counts as an unexcused absence. If
you are not prepared for some classes, I may ask you to leave. This would be
because we will be discussing material specific to a graded assignment, and
it is only appropriate to have the discussion with students who have already
completed the assignment.

AND FINALLY – I DO NOT GIVE A .99 to allow you to pass (if you are
from DLSU); nor a “4” if you are from UP. Your grade is either a “1” or a
“0”; “”3” or “5.”

Note: SC Rules required:

1. 02-6-02, Adoption
2. 02-11-10, Nullity
3, 02-11-11, Legal Separation
4. 02-11-12, Provisional Orders
5. 03-04-04, Custody of Minors
6. 04-10-11, VAWC

I. INTRODUCTION

1 Tolentino, Civil Code, pp. 1-10 [1990 Edition]

II. EFFECT AND APPLICATION OF LAWS

Arts. 1 to 13, pp. 1-52 of Tolentino

NCC 1 - 18

A. When law takes effect

NCC 2
Revised Administrative Code (RAC) Secs. 18-24
Exec. Order 200, Sec. 2

Tañada v. Tuvera 136 SCRA 27

Fuentes vs. Roca, G.R. No. 178902, April 21, 2010
Commissioner v Hypermix, G.R. No. 179579, February 1, 2012
Acaac v Azcuna, Jr., G.R. No. 187378, SEP 30, 2013

3
 B. Ignorance of the law

NCC 3
KASILAG VS. RODRIGUEZ, 69 PHIL 217
Elegado v. Court of Appeals, 173 SCRA 285

C. Retroactivity of laws

NCC 4, cf. NCC 2252 - 2269

Revised Penal Code (RPC) 22
Family Code (FC) 256

Simon v Chan, G.R. No. 157547, February 23, 2011

Francisco vs. CA , G.R. No. 102330. November 25, 1998
CF: Pesca vs. Pesca, G.R. No. 136921. April 17, 2001
David v Agbay, G.R. No. 199113 March 18, 2015

D. Mandatory or Prohibitory Laws

NCC Art. 5 with NCC Art. 17 (3)

I. Waiver of rights

NCC Art. 6
NCC Art. 2035

DM Consunji vs. CA, G.R. No. 137873, April 20, 2001

Aujero V PhilComSat, G.R. No. 193484, January 18, 2012
Dona Adela v Tidcorp, G.R. No. 201931, February 11, 2015

F. Repeal of laws

NCC 7
cf. 1987 Constitution, Art. XVIII Sec. 3
FC 254

Thornton vs. Thornton, Aug. 16, 2004

4
Kida v Senate, G.R. No. 196271, February 28, 2012
Yinlu Bicol v Trans-Asia, G.R. No. 207942, Jan. 12, 2015

G. Stare Decisis

NCC 8

Pesca vs. Pesca, G.R. No. 136921. April 17, 2001

De Castro v JBC, G. R. No. 191002, April 20, 2010
Virtucio v Alegarbes, G.R. No. 187451, August 29, 2012
Republic v Rehman Enterprises, GR 199310, Feb.19, 2014
UCPB v Uy, GR 204039, Jan. 10, 2018

H. Duty to render judgment

NCC 9, 10
RPC 5
People v. Ritter 194 SCRA 690
Alonzo v Padua, 150 SCRA 379
Barcellano v Barza, GR 165287, September 14, 2011

I. Presumption and Applicability of Custom

NCC 11 - 12
cf. 1987 Constitution, Art. XII Sec. 5
Rules of Court Rule 129 (2), (3)

Martinez v. Van Buskirk, 18 Phil. 79

J. Legal periods

NCC 13
cf. Rules of Court (ROC) Rule 22
RAC Sec. 31

Comr. v Aichi Forging, G.R. No. 184823, October 6, 2010

5
 II. Applicability of Penal Laws

NCC 14, 17(3), RPC Art. 2

L. Binding effect

NCC 15
cf. FC 26

Del Socorro v Van Wilsem, GR 193707, Dec. 10, 2014

Tenchavez v. Escaño 15 SCRA 355
Board of Commissioners vs. de la Rosa, 197 SCRA 853
Yao Kee v Gonzales, 167 SCRA 736 (1988)

NCC 16

Aznar v Garcia, 7 SCRA 95 (1963)

Amos v Bellis, 20 SCRA 358 (1967)
Tayag v Benguet Consolidated, GR L-23145, Nov. 29, 1968

NCC 17

Raytheon v Rouzie, GR 162894, February 26, 2008

NCC 18
Tamano v Ortiz, G.R. No. 126603, June 29, 1998
Llave vs Republic, GR 169766, March 30, 2011
Zamoranos v People, G.R. No. 193902, June 1, 2011
Villagracia v Sharía, GR 188832, April 23, 2014

III. PERSONS & PERSONALITY

A. The concept of a ‘person’ and ‘personality’

NCC 37 - 39

Classes of persons and their distinctions

6
Elements of civil capacity
Juridical capacity v. personality
Juridical capacity v. capacity to act

B. Commencement and termination of personality

1. Natural Persons

(a) Birth

NCC 40 - 41
1987 Constitution, Art. II Sec. 12
P.D. 603 [Child and Youth Welfare Code], Art. 5
FC 164, 2nd par., FC 180
RPC Arts. 256 - 259

Geluz v. CA 2 SCRA 801

Quimiging v. Icao 34 SCRA 134
De Jesus v. Syquia 58 Phil 866
Continental Steel v. Montano, GR 182836, October 13, 2009

(b) Death

NCC 42

Limjoco v. Intestate Estate of Pio Fragante 80 Phil 776

Dumlao v. Quality Plastics 70 SCRA 472
Eugenio v. Velez 185 SCRA 425
Marcos v. Manglapus, G.R. No. 88211. Oct. 27, 1989
Berot v. Siapno, G.R. No. 188944, July 09, 2014
Valino v Adriano, GR 182894, April 22, 2014

NCC 43
ROC Rule 131 Sec. 3 (jj) - (kk) (1989 Rev. Rules on Evidence)

Joaquin v. Navarro 93 Phil 257

2. Juridical Persons

7
 NCC 44-47
Batas Pambansa Blg. 68 (Corp. Code), Secs. 2, 4, 17
NCC 1767-1768

C. Restrictions on civil capacity

1. Presumption of capacity, Art. 37 NCC

Catalan vs. Basa, G.R. No. 159567, July 31, 2007

2. Restrictions on capacity to act

NCC 38 - 39, cf. NCC 1327

(a) Minority

1. Age of majority, R.A. 6809, FC 234, 236, 221, 225

2. A.M. NO. 03-02-05-SC Rules on Guardianship
3. Suffrage, Sec. 1 Art. V 1987 Constitution [cf. Sangguniang
Kabataan]
4. Marriage, FC 5; 14, 45 (1); 35 (1); cf. R.A. 6809; FC 79
5. Contracts

NCC 1327
NCC 1390 (par. 1), 1403 (par. 3)
NCC 1397, 1399
NCC 1489
NCC 1426 - 1427

Mercado v. Espiritu 37 Phil 215

Bambalan v. Maramba 51 Phil 417
Suan Chian v. Alcantara 85 Phil 669
Braganza v. Villa-Abrille 105 Phil 456

6. Criminal liability

8
RPC 12 (2) - (3);
RPC 13 (2); PD 603 Secs. 189 – 204
Also see: Rule 3, Section 5 1997 Rules of Civil Procedure
Juvenile Justice Law, Secs 6 and 7

Atizado vs People, GR No. 173822, October 13, 2010

(b) Insanity

1. Marriage, FC 45 (2), Art. 79

2. Contracts, NCC 1327 (1), 1328
3. Criminal liability,

RPC 12 (1)
Rule 101, Rules of Court

US v. Vaguilar, 27 Phil 88
People v. Rafanan, 204 SCRA 65
Standard Oil v. Arenas, GR No. L-5921, July 25, 1911

(c) Deaf-Mutism, NCC 1327 (2), 807 & 820

(d) Prodigality, ROC Rule 92 Sec. 2
(e) Civil Interdiction, RPC 34, 41
(f) Family Relations

FC 150-151; cf. FC 87, 37, 38

NCC 1490
NCC 2035
cf. NCC 963-967

(g) Alienage, cf. Art. XII, Secs. 11, 1987 Constitution

Cordora vs COMELEC, February 19, 2009

Reyes v COMELEC, G.R. No. 207264, June 25, 2013
David v Agbay, G.R. No. 199113 March 18, 2015

(h) Absence, NCC 381 – 396, FC 41

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 Olaguer v Purugganan, GR 158907, February 12, 2007

(i) Insolvency and Trusteeship, NCC 1381, 1491, 2236, 2237

Umale v ASB Realty, GR 181126, June 15, 2011

(j) Gender, Art. II, Sec. 14, 1987 Constitution; cf. NCC 403
See also: Rule 3 Section 4, 1997 Rules of Civil Procedure

(k) Physical Incapacity/Disease, FC 45(5), 45(6), 46, NCC 820

D. Domicile and residence of persons

1. Juridical persons, NCC 51

2. Natural persons

NCC 50
FC 69, cf. NCC 110
cf. FC 55, 101, 149, 152, 101

Romualdez-Marcos vs COMELEC, 248 SCRA 300

SEE ALSO FOR REFERENCE: Mary Grace Natividad S. Poe-
Llamanzares vs. Commission on Elections, G.R. Nos. 221697 & 221698-
700. April 5, 2016

IV. INTRODUCTION TO THE FAMILY CODE

Legarda, Mawis and Vargas, “Family Law in the Philippines.”

A. Effect and Retroactivity

E.O. 29, as amended by E.O. 227, R.A. 6809, R.A. 7610

FC 256, cf. FC 36 in rel. to 39, FC 105, FC 162, FC 257

Lupo Atienza v. Judge Brilliantes, 243 SCRA 32

Bernabe vs. Alejo, 374 SCRA 180
Fuentes vs. Roca, G.R. No. 178902, April 21, 2010

10
 B. Repeal/Amendment

FC 254, 255

V. MARRIAGE & PERSONAL RELATIONS BETWEEN SPOUSES

A. The concept of “marriage”

FC 1 cf. NCC 52, FC 149

Art II Sec. 12, 1987 Constitution
Art. XV Sec. 2, 1987 Constitution
Obergefell Et Al. v. Hodges, Director, Ohio Department Of
Health, Et Al. Supreme Court Of The United States, Nos. 14–556, 14-562,
14-571 and 14–574 (http://www.supremecourt.gov/opinions/14pdf/14-
556_3204.pdf)

B. Nature of marriage in Philippine law

FC 1
cf. Rule 131 Sec. 3 (aa), 1989 Rules on Evidence,
NCC 220
Muslim Code, (P.D. 1083) Sec. 14

Goitia vs Campos-Rueda, 35 Phils 252

Sermonia v Republic, 233 SCRA 155
Perido v Perido, 63 SCRA 97
Silverio vs Republic, October 22, 2007
People v De La Cruz, G.R. No.187683, February 11, 2010
De Santis v Intestate Estate Jalandoni, December 1, 2010
Tambuyat v. Tambuyat, G.R. No. 202805, March 23, 2015
Calimag v Heirs of Macapaz, GR No. 191936, June 1, 2016

C. Agreements during and prior to marriage

1. Stipulations in marriage

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 FC 1 cf. NCC 221, FC 75

Espinosa v Atty. Omana, A.C. No. 9081, October 12, 2011

2. Breach of promise to marry

NCC 19 - 21; NCC 1403 (2) (c); MC 22

Hermosisima v. CA 109 Phil 629

Wassmer v. Velez, 12 SCRA 648
Tanjanco v. CA 18 SCRA 994
Baksh v. CA, 219 SCRA 115
Abanag v Mabute, AM P-11-2922, April 4, 2011

D. Requisites for a valid marriage

Mariategui v. CA 205 SCRA 337

1. Kinds of requisites & effects of non-compliance

FC 2-3; FC 4; FC 5; FC 35, 36, 37, 38; FC 45 cf. NCC

53
RPC 350; Rep. Act No. 1065
De Mijares vs Villaluz, 274 SCRA 1

2. Essential requisites

(a) Legal Capacity

(i) Gender, FC 2 (1) cf. FC 148

Silverio vs Republic, October 22, 2007

(ii). Age

FC 5; FC 35 (1); R.A. 6809 cf. FC 21

NCC 54 & 80 (1)
RPC 344

12
 cf. DOJ Opinion 145 S.1991 (Oct. 1991)

(iii) Absence of impediment, FC 5, 35

Garcia vs. Recio, 365 SCRA 437

Te vs. Choa, G.R. No. 126446, Nov. 29, 2000 (346 SCRA
327)
Nollora v People, GR 191425, September 7, 2011
Avenido v Avenido, G.R. No. 173540, Jan 22, 2014

(iv). Parental consent

FC 14; FC 15; FC 45 (1)

(v) Consent freely given by both spouses

(a). Mistake as to identity,

FC 35 (5); NCC 86 (1)

(b). Effect of insanity, FC 45 (2)

(c). Effect of fraud, FC 45 (3); FC 46, NCC 1338 –

1344

Anaya vs Palaroan, Nov. 26, 1970

(d). Effect of force, intimidation and undue

influence, FC 45 (4); NCC 1335 –
1337

Villanueva vs CA, 505 SCRA 564

(e). Effect of physical incapacity/impotence, FC

45 (5)

Jimenez v. Cañizares 109 Phil 27

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 Alcazar v Alcazar, G.R. No. 174451, October 13,
2009

(f) Effect of affliction with STD, FC 45 (6); 46 (3)

5. Formal Requisites

(a) Marriage license

Republic v. CA, 236 SCRA 257

Sy vs. CA, G.R. No. 127263, April 12, 2000
Alcantara vs. Alcantara, G.R. No. 167746, Aug. 28, 2007
De Castro v De Castro, G.R. No. 160172, February 13, 2008
Abbas vs Abbas, G.R. No. 183896, January 30, 2013
Villarica v Villarica, G.R. No. 210764, April 15, 2015
Kho v Republic, GR No. 187462, June 1, 2016

1. Where to apply, FC 9 - 10

2. Requirements for issuance

a. application, FC 11
b. proof of capacity, FC 12-14; FC 21 cf. NCC 84

cf. DOJ Opinion 50 S. 1991 (April 30, 1991)

DOJ Opinion 146 S. 1991 (Oct. 17, 1991)

Corpus v Sto Tomas, G.R. No. 186571, August 11, 2010

c. parental advice, FC 15
d. marriage counseling, FC 16
e. publication, FC 17
f. investigation of impediments, FC 18
g. payment of fees, FC 19
h. family planning certificate, P.D. 965

3. Place where valid, FC 20

14
 4. Period of validity, FC 20

De Castro v De Castro, G.R. No. 160172, Feb. 13,

2008

5. Duties of the Civil Registrar, FC 24-25

Republic v CA, G.R. No. 103047, September 2, 1994

Alcantara vs Alcantara, GR No. 167746, Aug. 28, 2007
Abbas vs Abbas, G.R. No. 183896, January 30, 2013
Kho v Republic, GR No. 187462, June 1, 2016

6. Marriages exempt from license requirement

FC 27-34, cf. NCC 76, P.D. 1083

Niñal vs. Bayadog, G.R. 133778, Mar. 14, 2000

Republic vs Dayot, March 28, 2008

(b) Authority of the solemnizing officer

1. Who are authorized

FC 7, 10, 31 & 32
NCC 56, 74, 76
R.A. 7160 (1991 Local Government Code),
Secs. 444(b)(1)(xviii), 445 (b)(1)(xviii)

Beso v Daguman, 323 SCRA 566 (2000)

2. How authorized

FC 7 (2) cf. NCC 92-96

Villar v. Paraiso 96 Phil 659

OCA vs. Tormis, A.C. No. 9920, August 30, 2016

15
 3. Effect of absence of authority

FC 4; FC 35 (2)
RPC 352
cf. Tenchavez v. Escaño, 15 SCRA 355 at page 360
Ronulo vs People, G.R. No. 182438, July 2, 2014

4. Duties of the solemnizing officer, FC 23-24

5. Effect of irregularity, FC 4

(c) Marriage Ceremony

1. Form of ceremony, FC 3 (3); FC 6 cf. FC 33, FC 8

Martinez v. Tan 12 Phil 731

COMPARE TO: Morigo v People, G.R. No. 145226.
February 06, 2004

2. Place for ceremony, FC 8; FC 28-29; FC 32-33

3. Issuance of marriage certificate, FC 6; FC 22, 23

Madridejo v. De Leon, 55 Phil 1

People v. Borromeo 133 SCRA 106

E. Law governing validity of marriages abroad

1. General rule in contracts

(a) As to form, NCC 17 (1) and (2)

(b) As to substantive requirements, NCC 15 & 17 (3)

2. Special rule in marriage

(a) lex loci celebrationis, FC 26; FC 21, FC 10

16
 Yao Kee v. Sy-Gonzales, 167 SCRA 786
Republic vs. Orbecido III, G.R. No. 154380, October 5,
2005
Fujiki v Marinay, G.R. No. 196049, June 26, 2013

(b) Exceptions

FC 26 in relation to
FC 35(1), 35(4), 35(5) and (6), 36, 37 & 38
cf. NCC 71
DOJ Opinion No. 11 S. 1990 (Jan. 17, 1990)

F. Common-law marriages/ ‘live-in’ relationships

FC 147, cf. RPC 350

FC 148 (“adulterous”)
Rule 131 Sec. 3 (aa) – (cc), 1989 Rules on Evidence cf. NCC
220
FC 26 par. 1
NCC Book II, Title III (484-501)

Lesaca v. Lesaca, 91 Phil 135

Yaptinchay v. Torres, 28 SCRA 489
Eugenio v. Velez, G.R. No. 85140 May 17, 1990
Estrada v Escritor, A.M. No. P-02-1651, August 4, 2003

G. Void Marriages

General rule, FC 4

1. Kinds of void marriages

(a) Absence of formal requisites

FC 35 cf. FC 234, RA 6809

Alcantara v Alcantara, GR NO. 1677446, Aug. 18,
2007

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 So v Valera, GR 150677, June 5, 2009
De Castro v De Castro, G.R. No. 160172, Feb. 13,
2008
Republic v Dayot, G.R. No. 175581, March 28, 2008
Abbas vs Abbas, G.R. No. 183896, January 30, 2013
Kho v Republic, GR No. 187462, June 1, 2016

(b) Bigamous and polygamous marriages,

Wiegel v. Sempio-Diy, 143 SCRA 499 (1986)

FC 35(4), 39, 40, 41, 44, RPC 344, 349

Terre v. Terre, 211 SCRA 6

Domingo v. CA 226 SCRA 572
Cariño vs. Cariño 351 SCRA 127
Bobis vs. Bobis, G.R. No. 138509, July 31, 2000
Mercado vs.Tan, G.R. No 137110, August 1, 2000
Ty vs CA, 346 SCRA 327
Tenebro vs. CA, G.R. No. 150758. February 18, 2004
(read concurring of Justice Vitug and dissent of Justice
Carpio)
Morigo vs Morigo, 422 SCRA 376
Teves v People, GR 188775, August 24, 2011
Nollora v People, GR 191425, September 7, 2011
Montanez vs Cipriano, GR 181089, October 22, 2012
See: Abbas vs Abbas, G.R. No. 183896, January 30,
2013
Capili v People, GR 183805, July 3, 2013
Fujiki v Marinay, G.R. No. 196049, June 26, 2013
People v Odtuhan, GR 191566, July 17, 2013
Lasanas vs People, GR 159031, June 23, 2014
SSS v Azote, G.R. No. 209741, April 15, 2015
Santiago vs. Phils, G.R. No. 200233, July 15, 2015

(c) Subsequent marriage, upon reappearance of absent spouse

FC 41 in relation to FC 42-44
NCC 390-391.

18
Jones v. Hortiguela, 64 Phil 179
Republic vs. Nolasco, 220 SCRA 20, March 17, 1993
Bienvenido vs. CA, 237 SCRA 676, October 24, 1994
Republic v Cantor, G.R. No. 184621, Dec. 10, 2013
Republic v Hon. Estrada, G.R. No. 214792, March 18, 2015
Republic v Villanueva, G.R. No. 210929, July 29, 2015
Republic vs. Sareñogon, G.R. No. 199194, Feb. 10, 2016
Republic v Tampus, GR 214243, March 16, 2016
Matias v Republic, GR 230751, April 25, 2018

Procedure
SSS vs Jarque, G.R. No. 165545, March 24, 2006
Republic v Granada, GR No. 187512, June 13, 2012

(d) Bad faith of both spouses, under FC 44. Other effects of

bad faith: 43, 40, 45, 81, 86

(e) Psychological incapacity under FC 36

FC 36, 39, 68-71

R.A. 8533

Santos v. CA 240 SCRA 20

Chi Ming Tsoi v. CA G.R. No. 119190, Jan. 16, 1997
Republic v Molina, G.R. No. 108763 February 13, 1997
Hernandez vs. Court of Appeals, 320 SCRA 76,
December 08, 1999
Marcos vs. Marcos, 343 SCRA 755, October 19, 2000
Republic vs. Dagdag, 351 SCRA 425
RP vs. Quintero-Hamano, G.R. No. 149498, May 20,
2004
Antonio vs. Reyes, G.R. No. 155800, Mar. 10, 2005
Republic vs. Tanyag-San Jose, 517 SCRA 123, February
6, 2007
Almelor vs RTC-Las Pinas, GR No. 179620, Aug. 26,
2008
Te vs Te, GR No. 161793, Feb. 13, 2009

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 Azcueta vs RP, G.R. No. 180668, May 26, 2009
Halili v Halili, GR 165424, June 9, 2009 (Motion for
Recon)
Najera v Najera, GR 164817, July 3, 2009
Camacho-Reyes v Reyes, G.R. No. 185286, August 18,
2010
Kalaw v Fernandez, GR 166357, September 19, 2011
Kalaw v Fernandez, GR 166357, January 14, 2015
Vinas v Vinas, G. R. No. 208790, January 21, 2015
Mallilin v Jamesolamin, G.R. No. 192718, 18 Feb. 2015
Republic vs. Romero, February 24, 2016
Castillo vs. Castillo, G.R. No. 189607, Apr. 18, 2016
Castillo v Republic, G.R. No. 214064. Feb. 6, 2017
Del Rosario vs. Del Rosario, GR 222541, Feb 15, 2017
De la Fuente v De la Fuente, G.R. No. 188400, March 8,
2017
Bakunawa v Bakunawa, G.R. No. 217993, August 9,
2017
Republic v Tionglico, GR 218630, Jan. 11, 2018
Singson v Singson, GR 210766, Jan. 8, 2018

(f) Incestuous marriages, FC 37 cf. NCC 963-967

(g) Marriages against public policy

FC 38 compare FC 38(6) with NCC 80(6)

RPC 246
NCC 80(7), 82
NCC 963-967

(h) Non-compliance under FC 35 (2), 53, 52. 102, 129

Sec. 21, 22 and 23, A.M. No. 02-11-10-SC. March 4, 2003
NOTE: FC 147 and 148

2. Who can invoke nullity, FC 36, FC 39, FC 40

Sec. 2, A.M. No. 02-11-10-SC. March 4, 2003

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 Niñal vs. Bayadog, G.R. 133778, Mar. 14, 2000
Catalan vs. Court of Appeals, 514 SCRA 607, February 6, 2007
Enrico vs. Heirs of Sps. Medinaceli, G.R. No. 173614,
September 28, 2007
Carlos s. Sandoval, GR 179922, December 16, 2008
Ablaza v Republic, G.R. No. 158298, August 11, 2010

3. When to file action for declaration of nullity

FC 39 in relation to FC 255, 256

FC 42, par. 2

4. Procedure in actions for declaration of nullity

a. Requisite for valid remarriage, see VII (E)(10)(b)

above
b. Safeguards against collusion, FC 48

Malcampo Sin vs. Sin, 355 SCRA 285

Ancheta vs Ancheta, 424 SCRA 725
Yuk Ling Ong vs CA, G.R. No. 206653, 25 Feb. 2015
Republic v CA, G.R. No. 159594, November 12, 2012

c. No confession of judgment, FC 48; cf. NCC 2035

d. A.M. No. 02-11-10-SC. March 4, 2003

Jocson v. Robles 22 SCRA 521

Tolentino v. Villanueva 56 SCRA 1

e. Participation of the OSG

Mendoza v Republic, GR 157854, November 12, 2012

f. No Motion to Dismiss

Aurelio v Aurelio, G.R. No. 175367, June 6, 2011

21
5. Other Matters

Chan v Chan, G.R. No. 179786, July, 14, 2013

6. Effects of pendency of action for declaration of nullity - Art.

49, 198

7. Effects of res judicata

Mallion vs Alcantara, 506 SCRA 336

8. Effects of final judgment declaring nullity

(a) In general, FC 50-54, but see FC 147-148; 198, 213

Villarica v Villarica, G.R. No. 210764, April 15, 2015

(b) On remarriage, FC 40, 41

(c) On rights & obligations between the former spouses,

FC Arts. 68-72

(d) On the property regime of the marriage, FC 147-148

Valdes v. QC-RTC, G.R. No. 122749, July 31, 1996

Dino v Dino, GR 178044, January 19, 2011
Barrido v. Nonato, G.R. No. 176492, October 20, 2014

(e) On ‘legitimes’ of the common children

FC 50-53, FC 51 in rel. to NCC 886, 888;

FC 176
NCC 908, 1061
Sec. 21, A.M. No. 02-11-10-SC. March 4, 2003
COMPARE TO: FC 147

Dino v Dino, GR 178044, January 19, 2011

22
 (f) On the status and custody of children, FC 54, 213, 164,
165, NCC 369

Mendez vs. Shari’a District Court, G.R. No. 201614,

January 12, 2016

(g) On use of surnames, NCC Art. 371, 364, 369, FC 176

Yasin vs Shari'a, G.R. No.94986 February 23, 1995

B. M. NO. 1625 -JOSEPHINE P. UY-TIMOSA [en banc]
Remo v DFA, G.R. No. 169202, March 5, 2010

(h) On hereditary rights of the former spouses, FC 43 (5), 50

(i) Effect of death, Art. 103, 130

Heirs of Go v Servacio, GR 157537, Sept. 7, 2011

Domingo vs. Molina, G.R. No. 200274, April 20, 2016
Uy v Estate of Fernandez, G.R. No. 200612, April 5,
2017

H. Voidable Marriages

1. Void v. voidable marriages, FC 4 cf. 45

Ninal v Bayadog, G.R. No. 133778. March 14, 2000

2. Grounds for annulment

(a) Absence of parental consent,

FC 4, 5, 14, 45(1), 47(1), 35 (1), cf R.A. 6809, FC 234,

236

Moe v. Dinkins, 533 F.Supp. 623 (1981), 669 F.2d 67 (1982)

(b) Insanity, FC 45(2), 47(2), NCC Art. 1149

23
 Katipunan v Tenorio, 38 OG 172, 1937

(c) Fraud

FC 45(3), 46, 47(3)

NCC 1338-1344
Anaya v. Palaroan 36 SCRA 97
Hernandez vs. Court of Appeals, G.R. No. 126010.
December 8, 1999
Buccat v. Buccat 72 Phil 49
Aquino v. Delizo 108 Phil 21
Almelor vs. RTC, G.R. No. 179620, August 26, 2008

(d) Force, intimidation and undue influence

FC 45(4), 47(4)
NCC 1335-1337

Ruiz v Atienza, 40 O.G. 1903 (1941)

Villanueva v CA, 505 SCRA 564

(e) Physical incapacity/impotence

FC 45(5), 47(5)

Jimenez v. Cañizares 109 Phil 273

Sarao v Guevara, 1940, 40 OG 11 Supp 263
Alcazar vs Alcazar, GR 174451, October 13, 2009

(f) Affliction with STD, FC (45(6), compare with FC 46(3),

47(5), 47 (3)

(g) Others

Republic v Albios, G.R. No. 198780, October 16, 2013

3. Who can seek annulment, FC 47, Sec. 3, AM No. 02-11-10-SC,

March 4, 2003

24
4. When to seek annulment. FC 47, NCC 1149

5. Procedure in actions for annulment

FC Art. 48, A.M. No. 02-11-10-SC. March 4, 2003

Barcelona vs. CA, G. R. 130087, Sept. 24, 2003

6. Effects of pendency of action for annulment

FC 49, 198, 213

A.M No. 02-11-12-SC. March 4, 2003

7. Effects of annulment, FC 50-54, 43, 44, 86 (3), 99, 102, 129

(a) In general

Chan-Tan v Chan, G.R. No. 167139, February 25, 2010

(b) On remarriage, FC Art. 40

(c) On rights & obligations between the former spouses, 68,
98
(d) On the property regime of the marriage

FC 50, FC 43(2) cf. FC 102(4), 129, 138, 106

(e) On ‘presumptive legitimes/hereditary rights

FC 50, 43, FC 51 in rel to NCC 886, 888;

NCC 908, 1061
FC 102 (5) and (6), 129 (8) and (9)

Yu v Reyes-Carpio, GR 189207, June 15, 2011

(f) On the status and custody of children, FC 54, 213

Mendez vs. Shari’a District Court, G.R. No. 201614,

January 12, 2016

25
 (g) On use of surnames, NCC Art. 371, 364, 369

Yasin vs Shari'a, G.R. No.94986 February 23, 1995

B.M. NO. 1625 -Josephine P. Uy-Timosa
Remo v DFA, March 2010

I. Marriage when one spouse is absent

FC 41-44 compare with NCC 83, 85(2) and 87(2)

cf. RPC 349
SSS vs. De Bailon, G.R. No. 165545, March 24, 2006

J. Forfeiture and Delivery of Presumptive Legitimes

K. Marriages dissolved by a foreign judgment

NCC 15, 17 (3)

FC 26

Arca vs Javier, July 31, 1954

Tenchavez v. Escaño, 15 SCRA 355
Van Dorn v. Romillo, 139 SCRA 139
Somera v. Pilapil, 174 SCRA 663
Quita vs CA, 300 SCRA 406
Llorente vs CA, 345 SCRA 592
Roehr v Rodriguez, GR 142820, June 30, 2003.
Garcia vs. Recio, 366 SCRA 437
Diego vs Castillo, 436 SCRA 67
RP vs. Orbecido, G.R. No. 154380, Oct. 5, 2005
San Luis vs. San Luis, G.R. 133743, Feb. 2, 2007
Amor-Catalan vs. CA, G.R. No. 167109, February 6, 2007
Corpus v Sto Tomas, G.R. No. 186571, August 11, 2010
Catalan v Catalan-Lee, G. R. No. 183622, February 8, 2012
Lavadia v Heirs of Luna, G.R. No. 171914, July 23, 2014
Noveras v Noveras, G.R. No. 188289, August 20, 2014
Edelina T. Ando v DFA, G.R. No. 195432, Aug. 27, 2014
Medina vs. Koike, G.R. No. 215723, July 27, 2016
Misalucha v People, GR 206284, Feb. 28, 2018

26
 Republic v Manalo, GR 221029, April 24, 2018 [note
DISSENT of J. Caguioa; CONCURRING of J. Leonen]

L. Marriages giving rise to criminal liability

FC Arts. 4, 35, 38, 16, 41

NCC 84, RPC 351-352 repealed by RA 10655, March 13, 2015,
FC 167-169

People v De Guzman, GR 185843, March 3, 2010

Ronulo vs People, G.R. No. 182438, July 2, 2014
Office of the Court Administrator vs. Former Judge Tormis,
A.C. No. 9920, August 30, 2016
Misalucha v People, GR 206284, Feb. 28, 2018

R.A. 6955, “An Act to Declare Unlawful the Practice of Matching

Filipino Women for Marriage to Foreign Nationals”

R.A. 9208, Anti-Trafficking in Persons Act of 2003, as amended by

RA 10364

People vs. Villanueva, 210798, Sept. 14, 2016

VI. THE LAW ON SEPARATION OF THE SPOUSES

A. Concepts of separation & divorce

Benedicto v. De la Rama 3 Phil 34

1. Separation in fact/abandonment, FC 239, 100-101, 127-128

Villanueva v Chiong, GR 159889, June 5, 2008

2. Agreements to separate, FC 1, NCC 221 (1)

Espinosa v Omana, A.C. No. 9081, October, 12, 2011

3. Absolute divorce

27
 (a) Divorce under the Family Code

FC 26, paragraph 2
Gorayeb v Hashim, 50 Phil. 22
Tenchavez v. Escaño, 15 SCRA 355
Van Dorn v. Romillo, 139 SCRA 139
Somera v. Pilapil, 174 SCRA 663
Fujiki v Marinay, G.R. No. 196049, June 26, 2013
Medina vs. Koike, G.R. No. 215723, July 27, 2016

(b) Divorce under the Muslim Code, MC 45-55

Llave v Republic, G.R. No. 169766, March 30, 2011

Zamoranos v People, G.R. No. 193902, June 1, 2011
Pacasum v Zamoranos, G.R. No. 193719, March 21,
2017 (en banc)

B. Concept of legal separation

1. Grounds for legal separation – Art. 55 FC, RA 9262,

compare with NCC 97

A.M. No. 02-11-11-SC. March 4, 2003

(a) Sexual infidelity or perversion

FC 55(8)
NCC 36
RPC 333 & 334
RPC 247

Kalaw v Fernandez, GR 166357, September 19, 2011

Republic v Quintos, GR 159594, November 12, 2012

(b) Drug addiction, habitual alcoholism, lesbianism or

homosexuality

FCC 55 (5) and (6) compare with FC 46(4)

28
Almelor v RTC, GR No. 179620, Aug. 26, 2008
Campos v Campos, A.M. No. MTJ-10-1761, Feb. 08, 2012

(c) Attempt on the life of the other spouse

FC 55(9) compare with NCC 97(2)

Rep. Act 9262

(d) Abandonment

FC Art. 55 (10)
FC 101 par. 3, compare with separation in fact
Partosa-Jo v. CA, G.R. No. 82606, Dec. 18, 1992
Republic v Quintos, GR 159594, November 12, 2012

(e) Other grounds

FC 55 (1)
Goitia vs Campos-Rueda, 35 Phils 252
Kalaw v Fernandez, GR 166357, September 19, 2011

2. Who can ask for legal separation

FC 55 compare with NCC 99

3. When may petition be filed

FC 57 compare with NCC 102, NCC 99

People v. Zapata 88 Phil 688

4. Court procedure in legal separation

FC 58-60;
Sec. 19 and Sec. 33, RA 9262
A.M. No. 02-11-11-SC. March 4, 2003

Araneta vs Concepcion, 99 Phil 709

Pacete v. Cariaga, 231 SCRA 321
Ocampo v Florenciano, 107 Phil 35

29
 Somosa vs Vamenta, Jr., 46 SCRA 110
De la Viña v. Villareal 41 Phil 13
Gandionco v. Peñaranda 155 SCRA 725
Lapuz vs Eufemio, 43 SCRA 177

5. Effect of pendency of the petition, FC 61-62

6. Support and pendente lite

FC 62 cf. FC 49, FC 198

Yangco v. Rhode, 1 Phil 404
Sabalones v. CA 230 SCRA 79
De la Viña v. Villareal, 41 Phil 13
Araneta v. Concepcion, 99 Phil 709
Lerma v. CA 61 SCRA 440

7. Defenses in actions for legal separation – FC Art. 56

(a) Consent

FC 56(2); NCC 100

People v. Sansano, 50 Phil 73
People v. Schneckenberger, 73 Phil 413

(b) Condonation

FC 56(1)
Ginez v. Bugayong 100 Phil 616

(c) Recrimination

FC 56(4)
Brown v. Yambao 102 Phil 168
Ong vs Ong, G.R. No. 153206, October 23, 2006

(d) Collusion/Mutual Consent

FC 60
FC 56(3), (5), compare with NCC 101 and 221(2)
People v. Schneckenberger 73 Phil 413

30
 Ocampo v. Florenciano 107 Phil 35
Republic v CA, November 12, 2012

(e) Prescription, FC Art. 57

8. Effects of decree of legal separation, FC Art. 68

(a) On personal relations, FC 63 (1), 68

(b) On the custody of children

FC 63(3); FC 213
NCC 106(3)
P.D. 603 (CYWC) Art. 17 par. 3
Matute v. Macadaeg, 99 Phil 340, May 30, 1956

(c) On property relations

FC 63(2), FC 64, FC Art. 102 (4), 129 (7), 43

Quiao v Quiao, G. R. No. 183622, July 4, 2012
Ocampo v. Ocampo, G.R. No. 198908, August
03, 2015

(d) On support, FC 198

(e) On the use of surname, NCC 372

Laperal v. Republic 116 Phil 672

(f) On hereditary rights, FC 63(4)

(g) Other Effects, FC 64, 198

(h) Solo Parents Act – RA 8972

9. Reconciliation, FC 65-67, cf 141

10. Effect of death of one of the parties

31
 Lapuz vs. Eufemio 43 SCRA 314

VII. RIGHTS AND OBLIGATIONS OF SPOUSES, FC 68-72

A. Obligation to love each other, FC 68

B. Obligation to live with the other spouse

1. General rule and exceptions

FC 68
Art. 100 (1); 127 (1); 101; 128
NCC 921 (4)
RPC 11 (2)
RPC 247
Republic v Molina, G.R. No. 108763 February 13, 1997
Goitia v. Campos-Rueda, 35 Phils 252
Arroyo v. Vasques-Arroyo 42 Phil 54
Cuaderno v. Cuaderno 12 SCRA 505
Ilusorio vs. Bildner, G.R. No. 139789. May 12, 2000.

2. Designation of domicile

(a) General rule: jointly

FC 69 par. 1, compare with NCC 110, Art. 156

(b) Exception, FC 69 par. 2

De la Viña v. Villareal, 41 Phil 13 at pp. 16-21

C. Joint management of family life

FC 71, 94 (last par.), 121 (last par.), 122, 146

D. Joint Obligation to Support

FC 70, 194, 94 (1) and (last par.), 121 (1) and (last par.), 146

32
 E. The right to exercise a profession or calling

FC 73 as amended by RA 10572 (May 24, 2013), compare with

NCC 117, FC Art. 94 (2), (3); FC Art. 121 (2), (3)
Art. II Sec. 14 and Art. XIII Sec. 14, 1987 Constitution
cf. NCC 113 compare with ROC Rule 3 Sec. 4

cf. R.A. 7192, “An Act Promoting the Integration of Women as

Full & Equal Partners of Men in Development and Nation
Building”

cf. R.A. 8187, “An Act Granting Paternity Leave...”

RA 9710, Magna Carta of Women

F. Related rights/obligations

Republic v Molina, G.R. No. 108763 February 13, 1997

Yasin v. Shariah Court 241 SCRA (1995)

G. Civil and Criminal Sanctions

H. Enforcement of Rights of Women and Children

Republic Act No. 9262 – Anti-Violence Against Women and Children

Sharica Mari Go Tan vs Spouses Tan, GR No. 168852, Sept.

30, 2008
San Diego vs RTC, G.R. No. 193960, Jan. 07, 2013
Tua v Mangrobang, G.R. No. 170701, January 22, 2014
BBB v AAA, G.R. No. 193225, February 9, 2015
AAA v BBB, G.R. No. 212448, Jan. 11, 2018

VIII. PROPERTY RELATIONS OF THE SPOUSES

A. Requisites for validity of marriage settlements

FC Art. 75; 130 (3); 103 (3); 105

33
 1. Prior to marriage: modifications

FC 1; FC 76 (modifications after marriage)

FC 66, 67, 128, 101, 134, 135, 136

Pana vs. Heirs of Juanite, Sr., G.R. No. 164201,

December 10, 2012

2. Form & registration requirement, FC 77, NCC 1357, 1358,

NCC 709

3. Celebration of the marriage, FC 81, 86, 43(3), 44, 50

B. Parties to a marriage settlement

(a) minors, FC 78, 211, 225, 234, 236

(b) persons under civil interdiction, NCC Art. 38, 39,
FC 79, RPC 34, FC 135 (1)
(c) incapacitated persons, FC 79, in rel. to NCC 38-39

C. Which law governs property relations, FC 74

1. Stipulation in marriage settlements, FC 80, NCC 16 and 17

2. If both Filipinos
3. Mixed marriage between Filipino and alien
4. If both aliens
5. For property located outside RP

D. Donations propter nuptias

1. Definition, FC 82

Solis v Solis, 53 Phil 912 [1928]

2. Form of Donations, FC Art. 83, NCC Arts. 748-749

Velasquez v CA, G.R. No. 126996. February 15, 2000

3. Who may be donors – FC Art 82, 83, 84

34
 4. What may be donated by a spouse as donor

(a) present property, FC 84, 1070, 760, 764, 765

Mateo v Lagua, 29 SCRA 864

(b) future property, FC 84

(c) encumbered property, FC 85
(d) donations in the marriage settlements, FC 81

5. Void donations by the spouses, FC 87. NCC 1490

(a) Donations during the marriage

(b) Donations in common law marriages

Matabuena v. Cervantes 38 SCRA 284

Arcaba v de Batocael, G.R. No. 146683. Nov. 22, 2001

6. Revocation of donations propter nuptias, FC 81, 86(1)

(a) revocation by donor, FC 86; NCC 765; FC Art. 50; 43 (3)

Mateo vs Lagua, 29 SCRA 864

(b) by operation of law, FC 44; 43 (3); 64

E. Absolute Community of Property

a. When applicable, Art. 75, 103, 130, 92 (3)

b. Commencement, Art. 88
c. Waiver during marriage, Art. 89
d. Waiver after marriage, Art. 89, 136
e. Suppletory rule, Art. 90, NCC 484 – 486
f. What constitutes ACP, Art. 91
g. What is excluded from the ACP, Art. 92, 95

35
Muller v Muller, G.R. No. 149615, August 29, 2006
Beumer v Amores, GR 195670, December 3, 2012
Abrenica v Abrenica, G.R. No. 180572, June 18, 2012

h. Presumption of ACP, Art. 93

i. Charges upon ACP, Art. 94, 197, 98

Luzon Surety Co., Inc. vs De Garcia, 30 SCRA 111

Gelano vs CA, 103 SCRA 90
G-Tractors, Inc., vs CA, 135 SCRA 192
Francisco v Gonzales, G.R. No. 177667, September 17,
2008
Buado vs. CA, G.R. No. 145222, April 24, 2009

j. Administration and enjoyment of ACP, 96

Dar v Legasto, G.R. No. 143016, August 30, 2000

(1) incapacity, FC 96 (2) – no court order

Uy vs. CA, 346 SCRA 246

(2) separation in fact FC 100 (3), 142, 72, 239 –

with court order, of separate property

(3) abandonment, FC 101. 72, 239 – with court

order

(4) pendency of legal separation proceeding, FC

61 – with court order

Sabalones v. CA 230 SCRA 79

k. Disposition and encumbrance, Arts. 96 – 98

l. Causes for dissolution, FC 99

(a) Death, FC 103 cf. Rule 73 Sec. 12 ROC

36
 Heirs of Go v Servacio, GR 157537, Sept. 7, 2011
Uy v Estate of Fernandez, G.R. No. 200612, April 5,
2017

(b) Legal separation, FC 61, 63(2); FC 66

Sabalones v. CA 230 SCRA 79

(c) Annulment and declaration of nullity, FC 50 in rel. to

FC 43 (2), 147, 148

Ocampo v. Ocampo, G.R. No. 198908, August 03,

2015

(d) Judicial separation of property, FC 134-138

Ugalde v Ysasi, GR 130623, February 29, 2008

m. Effects of dissolution, FC 102

(a) Liquidation procedure

Quiao v Quiao, G. R. No. 183622, July 4, 2012

(b) For cause other than death, FC 50; FC 43 (2); FC

63(2); 147; 148

Ocampo v. Ocampo, G.R. No. 198908, August 03,

2015
Dino v Dino, GR 178044, January 19, 2011

(c) Termination due to death, FC 103

n. For marriages before FC, cf Art. 103 (3)

Delizo v. Delizo, 69 SCRA 216

37
 o. Support during ACP liquidation, FC 198, 100 (1)

Santero v. CFI, 153 SCRA 728

F. Conjugal partnership of gains

a. When applicable, Art. 75, 105, 130, 256

Belcodero v. CA 227 SCRA 303

Sps. Estonina v. CA G.R. No. 111547, Jan. 27, 1997
Quiao v Quiao, G. R. No. 183622, July 4, 2012
Castro vs. Miat, 397 SCRA 271

b. Commencement, Art. 88
c. Waiver during marriage, Art. 89
d. Waiver after marriage, Art. 89, 136
e. Suppletory rule, Art. 108, NCC 1767-1768
f. What constitutes CPG, Art. 106, 115, 117, 118, 119, 120, 123

Titan v David, G.R. No. 169548, March 15, 2010

Imani vs. Metrobank, G.R. No. 187023, Nov. 17, 2010.
Villanueva vs CA, 427 SCRA 439
Mendoza v. Reyes, 124 SCRA 154
Aguete v PNB, GR 170166, April 6, 2011
Berciles v. GSIS,128 SCRA 53, cf. FC 115
Jovellanos v CA, G.R. No. 100728 June 18, 1992
Munoz, Jr. v Ramirez, GR 156125, August 25,
2010
Padilla v Padilla, October 4, 1943
Padilla v Paterno, December 26, 1961
Coingco v Flores, 82 Phil. 284

g. What is excluded from the CPG, Art. 109, 113, 114, 115, 118,
119, 120, 123, NCC 1015, 1601, 1619

Laperal v. Katigbak, 10 SCRA 493

Francisco v CA, G.R. No. 102330, Nov. 25, 1998
Tan v Andrade, GR 171904, Aug 7, 2013
Veloso v. Martinez, 28 Phil 255
Plata v. Yatco, 12 SCRA 718

38
h. Presumption of CPG, Art. 116

Dewara v Lamela, GR 179010, April 11, 2011

De La Pena v Avila, G.R. No. 187490, Feb. 8, 2012

i. Administration of exclusive property, Arts. 110, 111

Veloso v. Martinez, 28 Phil 255

Manotok Realty v. CA, 149 SCRA 372

j. Encumbrance and disposition of exclusive property, FC 111,

112

Wong et al. v. IAC 200 SCRA 792

k. Charges upon CPG, Art. 121, 122, RPC 108

Mariano vs CA, 174 SCRA 59

Ayala vs CA, 286 SCRA 272
Ching vs CA, 423 SCRA 356
Homeowners vs. Dailo, G.R. No. 153802, Mar.11, 2005
Ando v Campo, GR 184007, February 16, 2011
De Los Santos v Abejon, G.R. No. 215820, March 20, 2017

(a) With consent

G-Tractors v. CA, 135 SCRA 192

Ong v. CA 204 SCRA 297
Ayala Investment vs. CA (February 12, 1998)
Security Bank vs. Mar Tiera Corp., G.R. No. 143382,
Nov. 29, 2006
Aguete v PNB, GR 170166, April 6, 2011

(b) Without consent

Costuna vs. Domondon, 180 SCRA 333

Jader-Manalo v Camaisa, G.R. No. 147978, January 23,
2002
Carlos vs. Abelardo, 380 SCRA 361

39
 Borlongan v BDO, G.R. No. 217617, G. R. No. April 5,
2017
People v. Lagrimas, G.R. No. L-25355, August 28, 1969
Pana vs. Heirs of Juanite, Sr., G.R. No. 164201,
December 10, 2012

l. Administration and enjoyment of CPG, Art. 124

Dar v Legasto, G.R. No. 143016, August 30, 2000

Docena vs. Lapesura, 355 SCRA 658

(1) incapacity, FC 124 (2)– no court order

Uy vs. CA, 346 SCRA 246

(2) separation in fact FC 127, 239 – with court

order, of separate property

Noveras v Noveras. G.R. No. 188289, Aug. 20,

2014

(3) abandonment, FC 128, 239 – with court order

Partosa-Jo v. CA 216 SCRA 693

(4) pendency of legal separation proceeding, FC

61 – with court order

Sabalones v. CA 230 SCRA 79

l. Disposition and encumbrance, Arts. 124, 125

Jader-Manalo v Camaisa, G.R. No. 147978, January 23, 2002

Guiang vs CA, 291 SCRA 372
Roxas v. CA 198 SCRA 541 [1991]
Alinas vs Alinas, GR No. 158040, April 14, 2008
Siochi v Gozon, G.R. No. 169900, March 18, 2010
Aggabao vs. Parulan, G.R. No. 165803, Sept. 1, 2010
Ko v Aramburo, G. R. No. 190995, August 9, 2017

40
m. Causes for dissolution, Art. 126

(a) Death, FC 130 cf. Rule 73 Sec. 12 ROC

Heirs of Go v Servacio, GR 157537, Sept. 7, 2011

Domingo vs. Molina, G.R. No. 200274, April 20, 2016
Uy v Estate of Fernandez, G.R. No. 200612, April 5,
2017

(b) Legal separation, FC 61, 63(2); FC 66

Sabalones v. CA 230 SCRA 79

(c) Annulment and declaration of nullity, FC 50 in rel. to

FC 43 (2), 147, 148

Ocampo v. Ocampo, G.R. No. 198908, August 03,

2015

(d) Judicial separation of property, FC 134-138

Ugalde v Ysasi, GR 130623, February 29, 2008

n. Effects of dissolution, FC 129

Tarrosa vs De Leon, GR 185063, July 23, 2009

Cabreza v Cabreza, GR 171260, September 11, 2009

(a) Liquidation procedure

Quiao v Quiao, G. R. No. 183622, July 4, 2012

(b) For cause other than death, FC 50; FC 43 (2); FC

63(2); 147; 148

Buenaventura v CA, G.R. No. 127358. March 31,

2005

41
 Dino v Dino, GR 178044, January 19, 2011
Barrido v Nonato, G.R. No. 176492, Oct. 20,
2014
Ocampo v. Ocampo, G.R. No. 198908, August 03,
2015

(c) Termination due to death, FC 130, 132, 133

o. For marriages before FC, 131

Delizo v. Delizo, 69 SCRA 216

p. Support during ACP liquidation, FC 133

Santero v. CFI, 153 SCRA 728

G. Regime of separation of property

1. When applicable

(a) In the marriage settlements, FC 75, 143-146.

(b) When mandatory, FC 103 & FC 130
(c) Reconciliation in legal separation, FC 66(2)
(d) Judicial separation of property, FC 134-146

Ugalde v Ysasi, GR 130623, February 29, 2008

Noveras v Noveras, G.R. No. 188289, August 20, 2014

2. Property covered, FC 144

3. Administration

(a) By the owner-spouse, FC 145

(b) By the other spouse, FC 142, 101 (3), 127 (3)

4. Family expenses, FC 146

5. Conveyances between the spouses, FC 87, NCC 1490

42
 H. Judicial separation of property

1. When possible, FC 134

Maquilan vs Maquilan, June 8, 2007

Lavadia v Heirs of Luna, G.R. No. 171914, July 23,
2014

2. For sufficient cause, FC 135, RPC 34, cf. FC 55 (10);

229(4), 231, 232

Ugalde v Ysasi, GR 130623, February 29, 2008

Noveras v Noveras, G.R. No. 188289, August 20, 2014

3. Voluntary separation of property, FC 136

4. Effects of judicial separation of property

(a) liquidation of CPG or ACP, FC 137 par. 1

(b) support pendente lite, FC 137 par. 2, 198
(c) regime after JSP, FC 138 of FC 66 (2), see 63(2)
(d) binding effect on third parties, FC 139-140; cf FC 63 (2)

Laperal v Katigbak, 116 Phil 672

5. Revival of property regime after JSP, FC 141 cf. FC 67, 135,

142

6. Transfer of administration of exclusive property, FC 142, FC

96; FC 124

I. Property regime of unions without marriage

Review: FC 6, 35 (2), 35 (3), 35 (5), 36, 38, 53; FC 41, 44; FC 45

(Void and voidable marriages)

1. Unions under FC 147, 6, 35, 36, 53, cf. NCC 144

43
 Valdes v. QC RTC, G.R. No. 122749, July 31, 1996
Carino vs. Carino, GR 132539, February 3, 2001
San Luis vs. San Luis, G.R. 133743, Feb. 2, 2007
Diño v Diño, GR 178004, January 19, 2011
Salas, Jr. vs Aguila, G.R. No. 202370, Sept. 23, 2013
Barrido v Nonato, G.R. No. 176492, Oct. 20, 2014
Ocampo v. Ocampo, G.R. No. 198908, August 03, 2015

2. Unions under FC 148 of FC 50 in rel. to FC 49(2) and FC

50, 37, 38, and 44

Bienvenido v. CA 237 SCRA 676

Agapay vs Agapay, 276 SCRA 340
Tumlos vs. Sps. Fernandez, G.R. No. 137650, Apr 12, 2000
Adriano v CA, 328 SCRA 738
Malilin vs Castillo, 333 SCRA 628
Villanueva vs CA, 427 SCRA 439
Atienza vs. De Castro, G.R. No. 1695698, Nov. 29, 2006
San Luis vs. San Luis, G.R. 133743, Feb. 2, 2007
Heirs of Maramag vs De Guzman, GR 181132, June 5, 2009
Lacbayan v Samoy, G.R. No. 165427, March 21, 2011 (see
J. Brion’s Separate Opinion)
Go- Bangayan v Bangayan, G.R. No. 201061, July 3, 2013
Lavadia vs. Heirs of Luna, G.R. No. 171914, July 23, 2014
Tambuyat v. Tambuyat, G.R. No. 202805, March 23, 2015

J. Property Relations of Mixed Marriages

Borromeo vs Descallar, GR No. 159310, Feb. 24, 2009

Cheeseman v. IAC 193 SCRA 93
Matthews vs. Taylor, GR 164584, June 22, 2009
Frenzel vs. Catito, G.R. No. 143958, July 11, 2003
Muller v Muller, G.R. No. 149615, August 29, 2006
Beumer v Amores, GR 195670, December 3, 2012
Fullido v Grilli, G.R. No. 215014, February 29, 2016

44
IX. FAMILY RELATIONS

A. What governs family relations, FC 149, Constitution Art. II, Sec.

12 and Art. XV, NCC 220-221

B. Effects of family relationship on legal disputes

FC 150 - 151
NCC 2035
ROC Rule 16 Sec. 1(j)
RPC 20, 247 and 332

Gayon v. Gayon, 36 SCRA 104

Wainwright v. Versoza, 26 SCRA 78
Magbaleta vs Gonong, 76 SCRA 511
Tribiana vs. Tribiana, G.R. No. 137359, Sept. 13, 2004
Hiyas Savings vs. Acuña, G.R. NO. 154132, August 31, 2006

C. The Family Home

1. What constitutes the family home, FC 152, 156, 69, 120,

118, 161

2. Who may constitute the family home, FC 152, 161, 92

3. When deemed constituted, FC 153, 162

4. Beneficiaries, FC 154, 194-196, 199

Patricio vs. Dario, G.R. No. 170829, November 20, 2006

5. Exemptions, FC 155, FC 157, FC 160

6. Rights of creditors, FC 155, 160-161

Ramos v Pangilinan, GR 185920, July 20, 2010

Equitable v OJ Mark, G.R. No. 165950, August 11, 2010

45
 De Mesa v Acero, G.R. No. 185064, January 16,
2012

7. When terminated, FC 153 compare with FC 159, 102 (9),

129 (9)

Arriola v Arriola, GR 177703, January 28, 2008

Eulogio v. Bell, G.R. No. 186322, July 08, 2015

8. When may be sold, FC 158

Honrado v CA, GR 166333, Nov. 25, 2005

Cabang vs Basay, GR No. 180587, March 20, 2009
Fortaleza v Lapitan, GR 178288, August 15, 2012
Eulogio v. Bell, G.R. No. 186322, July 08, 2015

X. PATERNITY AND FILIATION

A. Concepts of paternity, filiation and legitimacy, FC 163

Uy v Jose Ngo Chua, G.R. No. 183965, September 18, 2009

B. Legitimate children, FC 164 cf. FC 165 in rel to NCC 256-257,

166, 167, 168 in relation to Republic Act No. 10655, An Act Repealing the
Crime of Premature Marriage under Article 351 Of Act No. 3815, otherwise
known as The Revised Penal Code, March 2015, FC 169

Angeles vs Maglaya, G.R. No. 153798, September 2, 2005

1. Who are considered legitimate children

(a) Conceived during marriage cf. ROC Rule 131 Sec.

3(dd), FC Art. 168 in relation to Republic Act No. 10655, An Act
Repealing the Crime of Premature Marriage under Article 351 Of Act
No. 3815, otherwise known as The Revised Penal Code, March 2015,
NCC 40-41.

46
 1. Valid marriage

Arbolario v CA, G.R. No. 129163, April 22, 2003

Continental Steel v Montano, Oct. 13, 2009
SSS vs. Aguas, G.R. 165546, Feb. 27, 2006

2. Terminated marriage under FC 42 in rel. to FC

43(1)
3. Void marriages under FC 54
4. Voidable marriages, FC 45

Suntay v Suntay, GR 132524, Dec. 29, 1998

(b) Born during marriage, FC 164

(c) Conceived by artificial insemination, cf. NCC 40, FC 164
(d) Adopted children, RA 8552, Sec. 17
(e) Legitimated children, 177, 178

2. Rights of legitimate children, FC 173-174, NCC 364, 374,

376, NCC 888, NCC 979

Moore v. Republic, 8 SCRA 282

Naldoza v. Republic, 112 SCRA 658
Rep. vs CA, 300 SCRA 138
Heirs of Basbas v. Basbas, G.R. No. 188773, September 10,
2014

C. Illegitimate children

1. Who are considered illegitimate

(a) Under NCC

(b) FC 165
(c) FC 166

2. Rights of illegitimate children, FC 173, 172, 175-176

Osmeña de Valencia v. Rodriguez, 84 Phil 222

Briones vs. Miguel, 440 SCRA 455, October 18, 2004

47
 Maramag vs De Guzman, GR 181132, June 5, 2009
De la Cruz vs Gracia, G.R. No. 177728, July 31, 2009
Gotardo v Buling, GR 165166, August 15, 2012
Grande v Antonio, G.R. No. 206248, February 18, 2014
Barcelote v Republic, G.R. No. 222095, August 7,
2017

D. Action to impugn legitimacy

Reyes vs. Mauricio, G.R. No. 175080, November 24, 2010

1. Grounds, FC 166

(a) Physical impossibility of access

Andal v. Macaraig, 89 Phil 165

Macadangdang v. CA, 100 SCRA 73
Concepcion vs. CA, G.R. No. 123450, Aug. 31, 2005

(b) Biological or other scientific grounds

A.M. No. 06­11­5­SC (RULE ON DNA Evidence)

Agustin vs. CA, G.R. No. 162571. June 15, 2005

Herrera vs. Alba, G.R. No. 148220, June 15, 2005
Estate v. Diaz, G.R. No. 171713, Dec. 17, 2007
Lucas v Lucas, GR No. 190710, June 6, 2011

(c) FC 166(3)

2. Effect of a mother’s declaration, FC 167

3. In subsequent marriages, FC 168 in relation to Republic Act

No. 10655, An Act Repealing the Crime of Premature Marriage under
Article 351 Of Act No. 3815, otherwise known as The Revised Penal Code,
March 2015, 169

4. Who may impugn, 171

48
 Benitez-Badua v. CA, 229 SCRA 468
Liyao, Jr. vs. Tanhoti-Liyao, G.R. No. 138961. March 7,
2002
Republic v Magpayo, GR 189476, Feb. 2, 2011
Geronimo v Santos, G.R. No. 197099, Sept. 25, 2015

5. Prescription of action to impugn, FC 170

E. Proof of Filiation

1. Of legitimate children, FC 172-173

Diaz vs. Court of Appeals, 129 SCRA 621, June 22, 1984
Tison vs. Court of Appeals, 276 SCRA 582, July 31, 1997
Trinidad vs. Court of Appeals, 289 SCRA 188, April 20, 1998
Heirs of Conti v CA, G.R. No. 118464, December 21, 1998
De Jesus vs. Estate of Juan Gamboa Dizon, 366 SCRA 499
Aguilar v Siasat, G.R. No. 200169, Jan. 28, 2015
Calimag vs. Heirs of Macapaz, G.R.191936, June 27,
2016

2. Of illegitimate children, FC 175, 176

Gaspay v. CA, 238 SCRA 163

Ong vs CA, G.R. No. 95386. May 29, 1997
Jison vs. CA, 286 SCRA 495
Heirs of Gabatan vs CA, GR 150206, March 13, 2009
Perla v Baring, GR 172471, November 12, 2012
San Agustin vs. Sales, G.R. N0. 189289, August 31,
2016
Barcelote v Republic, GR 222095, August 7, 2017

3. Compulsory recognition, cf. RPC 345

F. Legitimated Children

1. who may be legitimated, FC 177, RA 9858

49
 Abadilla vs Tabiliran, 249 SCRA 447

2. How legitimation takes place, FC 178

3. Retroactivity and effects, FC 180-181
4. Action to impugn legitimation, FC 182
5. Rights of legitimated children, FC 179

XI. ADOPTION

Lazatin v. Campos, 92 SCRA 250

Cervantes v. Fajardo, 169 SCRA 575
Bartolome v SSS, G.R. No. 19253, Nov. 12, 2014
Oribello v CA, G.R. No. 163504, Aug. 5, 2015
R.A. 8552 (Domestic Adoption Law)
R.A. 8043, “The Law on Inter-Country Adoption”
A.M. No. 02-6-02-S.C. (Aug. 22, 2002)

A. Requisites to be an adopter –

Compare: Domestic Adoption Code, RA 8552 and the Intercountry Adoption

Law

1. Age and capacity required

2. Husband and wife jointly

In Re: Petition for Adoption of Michelle P. Lim, G.R.

Nos. 168992-93, May 21, 2009

3. Need for consent

Landingin vs. RP, G.R. No. 164948, June 27, 2006

4. Aliens as adopters

Republic v. Toledano, 233 SCRA 9

50
 B. Who may not adopt

Compare: Domestic Adoption Code, RA 8552 and the Intercountry Adoption

Law

C. Who may be adopted

Compare: Domestic Adoption Code, RA 8552 and the Intercountry Adoption

Law

D. Who may not be adopted

Compare: Domestic Adoption Code, RA 8552 and the Intercountry Adoption

Law

E. Who must give consent

Compare: Domestic Adoption Code, RA 8552 and the Intercountry Adoption

Law

F. Procedure in adoption

Compare: Domestic Adoption Code, RA 8552 and the Intercountry Adoption

Law

Republic Act No. 9253, March 12, 2009 - AN ACT REQUIRING

CERTIFICATION OF THE DEPARTMENT OF SOCIAL WELFARE AND
DEVELOPMENT (DSWD) TO DECLARE A "CHILD LEGALLY
AVAILABLE FOR ADOPTION" AS A PREREQUISITE FOR ADOPTION
PROCEEDINGS

G. Effects of a decree of adoption

Compare: Domestic Adoption Code, RA 8552 and the Intercountry Adoption

Law

1. On status

51
 2. On parental authority

Tamargo v. CA, 209 SCRA 518

Cervantes v. Fajardo, 169 SCRA 575

3. On hereditary rights, Sec. 18; FC 189-190; Art. 39, PD 603,

Rule 99, Section 5

See: Balane, Ruben, Jottings in Succession, [2006 ed.]

Bartolome v SSS, G.R. No. 19253, Nov. 12, 2014

4. On name, NCC 365

In the Matter of Adoption of Stephanie Garcia, 454

SCRA 541

5. Other Effects

H. Rescission of adoption

Compare: Domestic Adoption Code, RA 8552 and the Intercountry Adoption

Law

Lahom vs. Sibulo, G.R. No. 143989, July 14, 2003

Bartolome v SSS, G.R. No. 19253, Nov. 12, 2014

I. Effects of rescission

Compare: Domestic Adoption Code, RA 8552 and the Intercountry Adoption

Law

XII. SUPPORT

A. What comprises support, FC 194

52
 B. Who are obliged to provide support, FC 195, 196, 197, 94 (1), 102
(1)

Perkins v Perkins. 57 Phil. 217 (1932)

Pelayo v. Lauron, 12 Phil 453
Sanchez v. Zulueta, 68 Phil 110
De Asis vs. CA, G.R. No. 127578, Feb. 15, 1999
Rondina v People, GR 179059, June 13, 2012
Gotardo v Buling, GR 165166, August 15, 2012
Perla v Baring, GR 172471, November 12, 2012

C. Source of support, FC 197-198, cf. FC 49, 70, 94, 121, 122

Lerma v. CA, 61 SCRA 440

Reyes vs Ines-Luciano, 88 SCRA 803

D. Order of support, FC 199, 200, 204

Mangonon vs. CA, G.R. No. 125041, June 30, 2006

Spouses Lim v Lim, G.R. No. 163209, October 30, 2009

E. Manner and time of payment, FC 200-204

Canonizado v. Benitez, GR No. 72746, May 7, 1987

F. Amount of support, FC 200-208

Lacson vs. Lacson, G.R. No. 150644, August 28, 2006

Lim-Lua v Lua, G.R. Nos. 175279-80, June 05, 2013

G. Renunciation and Termination, NCC 2035; FC 194; NCC 152

H. Support pendente lite, FC 198; Rules of Court, Rule 61

I. Procedure in applications for support, Rule 61

XIII. PARENTAL AUTHORITY & CUSTODY OF CHILDREN

53
A. Concept of parental authority, Art. II, Sec. 12, 1987 Constitution,
FC 209, 211, 176, 225, NCC 356-363

Medina vs. Makabali, 27 SCRA 502, March 28, 1969

Unson vs. Navarro, 101 SCRA 183, November 17, 1980
Habeas Corpus Of Minor Shang Ko Vingson v Cabcaban, UDK
No. 14817, January 13, 2014
Caram v Segui, GR 193652, Aug. 5, 2014
Mendez vs. Shari’a District Court, G.R. No. 201614,
January 12, 2016

B. Who exercises PA, FC 211-213, 221 cf. FC 221, 49, 176. 49, 102
(6), 129 (9), 14-16, 35, 45, 78

Celis v Cafuir, 86 Phil. 554 (1950)

Unson v. Navarro 101 SCRA 183
Espiritu & Layug v. CA, G.R. No. 115640 (1995)
Santos Sr. v. C.A., G.R. No. 113054 (1995)
David vs. Court of Appeals, 250 SCRA 82, November 16, 1995
Tonog vs. CA, 376 SCRA 642
Briones vs. Miguel, G.R. No. 156343, October 18, 2004
Gualberto vs. Gualberto, G.R. No. 154994. June 28, 2005
Grande v Antonio, G.R. No. 206248, February 18, 2014
Bucal v Bucal, G.R. No. 206957, June 17, 2015,

C. Transfer of PA, FC 210 cf. FC 223-224, FC 234, 217, 214, 49

Eslao vs CA, 266 SCRA 317

D. Substitute PA, FC 214, 216, FC 217, 233

Rep. Act No. 10165, Foster Care Act of 2012.

Vancil vs Belmes, 358 SCRA 707

E. Special PA

54
 FC 218-219, FC 233
cf. FC 221 in rel. to NCC 2180, FC 236
Cybercrime Prevention Act, RA 10175, September 12, 2012

F. Filial privilege, FC 215

ROC Rule 130 Sec. 25 cf. Secs. 22 & 23

Lee v CA, GR 177861, July 13, 2010

G. Effects of PA over the child’s person,

FC 220-222
FC 223-224

Cuadra v. Monfort, 35 SCRA 160

R.A. 7610, The Child Abuse Law

H. Effects of PA over the child’s property,

FC 225-227, RA 9231, Secs. 12-B and 12-C

Hebron vs. Loyola, G.R. No. 168960, July 5, 2010

I. Suspension or termination of PA

1. permanent termination, FC 228, 232, cf. RA 6809, FC 234

2. non-permanent termination, FC 229 cf. FC 193

Secs. 16 and 19, RA 8552 re parental authority and revocation

of adoption

3. suspension of PA, FC 231-230, 233

Chua v. Cabangbang, 27 SCRA 791

De Guzman vs Perez, 496 SCRA 474

55
 4. revival

See: R.A. 8369, “An Act Establishing Family Courts, Granting Them
Exclusive Original Jurisdiction Over Child and Family Cases.”

See: R.A. 7610, “Child Abuse Act”

XIV. EMANCIPATION

RA 6809

A. Cause of emancipation, FC 234 as amended

B. Effect of emancipation, FC 236 as amended

cf. FC 15, NCC 2180

XV. SUMMARY JUDICIAL PROCEEDINGS UNDER FC

Arts. 238-253, 100(2), 127(2), 41, 51, 69, 73, 96, 124, 217, 225

XVI CARE AND EDUCATION OF CHILDREN

NCC 356-363, FC 213

XVII. SURNAMES

NCC 364-380
RA 6085 – regulating the use of aliases, August 4, 1969
RA 9255, FC 176

Llaneta v. Agrava, 57 SCRA 29

Telmo v. Republic, 73 SCRA 29
Tolentino v. CA, 162 SCRA 66
Legamia v. IAC, 131 SCRA 479
Change of Name, Wang, G.R. No. 159966.March 30, 2005
Gonzaludo v People, G.R. No. 150910, February 6, 2006
Dapar v. Biascan, 439 SCRA 179

56
XVIII. RULES GOVERNING PERSONS WHO ARE ABSENT

NCC 381-383, 384-389, FC 96, 101, 124, NCC 390-396, FC 41

Reyes v. Alejandro, 141 SCRA 65

Eastern Shipping v. Lucero, 124 SCRA 425
Manuel vs. People, G.R. No. 165842, Nov. 29, 2005

XIX. FUNERALS

NCC 305-310, FC 195, 194

NCC 309 cf. Sec. 95, PD 856 – Sanitation Code

Eugenio v. Velez, G.R. No. 85140 May 17, 1990

Valino v Adriano, GR 182894, April 22, 2014

XX. ENTRIES IN THE CIVIL REGISTER

NCC 407-413
ROC, Rule 108
RA 9048, as amended by RA 10172

Barretto vs Local Civil Registrar, 74 SCRA 257

Republic v Valencia, GR L-32181, March 5, 1986
Republic v. Marcos, 182 SCRA 223
Labayo-Rowe v. Republic, 168 SCRA 294
Leonor v. Court of Appeals, 256 SCRA 69
Silverio vs. RP, G.R. No. 174689, October 22, 2007
Rep. vs. Cagandahan, G.R. No. 166676, Sept. 12, 2008
Dela Cruz v Gracia, G.R. No. 177728, July 31, 2009
Braza v The Registrar, G.R. No. 181174, December 4, 2009
Baldos vs. CA, G.R. No. 170645, July 9, 2010
Iwasawa vs Gangan, G.R. No. 204169, SEP 11, 2013
Republic v Olaybar, G.R. No. 189538, February 10, 2014
Onde v. Office of The Local Civil Registrar, G.R. No. 197174,
September 10, 2014
Republic v De la Vega, GR 195873, Feb. 23, 2015
Almojuela vs. Republic, G.R. No. 211724, August 24, 2016
Republic v Sali, G.R. No. 206023, April 3, 2017

57
Barcelote v Republic, G.R. No. 222095, August 7, 2017

58