Muscle Memory

Mohammed jamal Mohammed

2nd .Gm
Haybusak university of Yerevan
 Sternocleidomastoid
Location –

• Neck

Movement –

• Head Flexion and rotation

Extra

Origin -

• Manubrium of sternum and medial

portion of clavicle.

Insertion –

• Mastoid process of temporal bone and

superior nuchal line of occipital bone.

Nerve Supply –

• Accessory Nerve (Cranial nerve XI)

Pectoralis Major
Location –

• Chest

Movement –

• Shoulder Flexion

• Internal Rotation

• Shoulder Adduction

Extra

Origin –

• Sternal end of clavicle, sternum, cartilage

of ribs 1-6 and aponeurosis of external
oblique muscle.

Insertion –

• Fibers converge to insert by a short

tendon into intertubercular groove of
humerus.

Nerve Supply –

• Lateral and Medial Pectoral Nerves

• Pulls rib cage upward, thus helps in climbing,

throwing, pushing and forced inspiration.
 Pectoralis
Minor
Location –

• Chest

Movement –

• Stabilizes scapula by drawing it

inferiorly and anteriorly against
thoracic wall

Extras

Origin –

• 3rd to 5th ribs near their costal

cartilages

Insertion –

• Medial border and superior surface

of coracoid process of scapula

Nerve Supply –

• Medial pectoral nerves (C8, T1)

 Biceps Brachii
Location-

• Anterior upper arm

Movement –

• Elbow Flexion

• Forearm Supination

Extra

• Has 2 origins (bi)

• Short head - coracoid process

• Long head – tubercle above

glenoid cavity

• Insertion

• Radial Tuberosity

• Nerve Supply

• Musculocutaneous Nerve
 Brachialis
Location –
• Proximal to the elbow in supination.
Movement –
• Elbow flexion

Extras
Origin –
• Distal half of anterior surface of
humerus
Insertion –
• Coronoid process and tuberosity of
ulna
Nerve Supply –
• Musculocutaneous nerve (C5 and
C6) (C5, C6)
Brachioradialis
Location –

• Front of forearm.

Movement –

• Elbow Flexion

• Forearm Pronation

• Forearm Supination

Extras

Origin –

• Lower 2/3 of lateral

supracondylar ridge of
humerus.

Insertion –

• Styloid process of radius.

Nerve Supply –

• Radial Nerve
 Flexor Digitorum
Superficialis
Location –

• Anterior aspect of the elbow in supination.

Movement –

• Flexes proximal phalanges at matacarpophalangeal

joints .

• Flexes middle phalanges at proximal interphalangeal

joints of medial 4 fingers.

Extras

Origin -

• Humeroulnar head: medial epicondyle of humerus,

ulnar collateral ligament, and coronoid process of
ulna; Radial head: superior half of anterior border of
radius

Insertion –

• Bodies of middle phalanges of digits 2 - 5

Nerve Supply –

• Median nerve (C7, C8 and T1) (C7, C8, T1)

Palmaris Longus
Location-

• Inside of forearm

Movement-

• Weak wrist flexion

• Tenses skin and fascia of palm

during hand movements.

Extra

Origin-

• Medial epicondyle of humerus

Insertion-

• Palmar aponeurosis, skin and fascia

of palm.

Nerve Supply-

• Median nerve

• Some people don’t have one (14%)

• Touch your pointer finger with your 5th finger

and flex your wrist to see it.
Pronator Teres
Location –
• Anterior aspect of the elbow in supination.
Movement –
• Forearm Pronation
• Elbow Flexion

Extras
Origin -
• Medial epicondyle of humerus and coronoid
process of ulna
Insertion –
• Middle of lateral surface of radius
Nerve Supply –
• Median nerve (C6 and C7) (C6, C7)
 Trapezius
Location-

• Upper Back

Movement –

• Stabilizes, raises, retracts, and rotates

Scapula

Extra

• Origin

• Occipital bone, spines of C7-

T12

• Insertion

• Along Acromion and spine

of scapula and Lat. 1/3 of
clavicle

• Nerve Supply

• Accessory Nerve
 Levator Scapulae
Location –

• Back of the neck.

Movement –

• Scapula Elevation.

Extras

Origin –

• Transverse processes of
C1 – C4

Insertion –

• Medial border of scapula,

superior to the spine.

Nerve Supply –

• Cervical spinal nerves

• Dorsal scapular nerve

 Rhomboid
Minor
Location –

• Upper back

• Between scapula and spine

Movement –

• Retract scapula

• Rotate scapula to depress glenoid cavity

• Fix scapula to thoracic wall

Extra

Origin –

• Nuchal ligament and spinous processes of

C7 and T1 vertebrae.

Insertion –

• Medial border of scapula from level of

spine to inferior angle.

Nerve Supply –

• Dorsal scapular nerve ( C4 and C5)

 Rhomboid
Major
Location –

• Back

• Between the scapula and the spine

Movement –

• Retract scapula and rotate it to depress

glenoid cavity

• Fix scapula to thoracic wall

Extras

Origin –

• Spinous processes of T2 - T5 vertebrae

Insertion –

• Medial border of scapula from level of

spine to inferior angle

Nerve Supply –

• Dorsal scapular nerve ( C4 and C5) (C4, C5)

Triceps Brachii
Location –

• Back of the arm

Movement –

• Elbow Extension

Extras

Origin –

• LH: Infraglenoid tubercle of

scapula

• LTH: Posterior shaft of humerus

• MH: Posterior humeral shaft

distal to radial groove.

Insertion –

• By common tendon into

olecranon process of ulna.

Nerve Supply –

• Radial Nerve
 Latissimus
Dorsi
Location –

• Inferior back

Movement –

• Shoulder Extension

• Shoulder Adduction

• Shoulder Internal rotation

Extras

Origin -

• Spinous processes of inferior 6 thoracic

vertebrae, thoracolumbar fascia, iliac crest,
and inferior 3 or 4 ribs

Insertion –

• Floor of intertubercular groove of humerus

Nerve Supply –

• Thoracodorsal nerve (C6, C7, and C8) (C6, C7,

C8)
 Supraspinatus
Location –

• Top of the shoulder

• On the scapula

Movement –

• Shoulder abduction.

Extra

Origin –

• Supraspinous fossa

Insertion –

• Superior facet of the greater tubercle

of humerus.

Nerve Supply –

• Suprascapular nerve.

• Part of the rotator cuff.

• Stabilizes the humeral head in the glenoid fossa.

• Action is controversial.
 Infraspinatus
Location –

• Scapula

• Back

Movement –

• Helps to hold head of humerus in gleniod

cavity.

• Stabilizing shoulder joint

• External rotation

Extra

Origin –

• Infraspinous fossa of scapula.

Insertion –

• Greater tubercle of humerus posterior to

insertion of supraspinatus.

Nerve Supply –

• Suprascapular

• Part of Rotator Cuff.

 Teres Minor
Location –
• Back
• Inferior scapula
Movement –
• Shoulder External Rotation.
• Helps hold humeral head in glenoid cavity.

Extras
Origin -
• Superior part of lateral border of scapula
Insertion –
• Inferior facet on greater tuberosity of humerus
Nerve Supply –
• Axillary nerve (C5 and C6) (C5, C6)
 Subscapularis
Location –
• Inside of the scapula
Movement –
• Shoulder Adduction
• Shoulder Internal Rotation.

Extras
Origin -
• Subscapular fossa of scapula
Insertion –
• Lesser tuberosity of humerus
Nerve Supply –
• Upper and lower subscapular nerves
(C5, C6 and C7) (C5, C6, C7)
Teres Major
Location –

• Back

• Lower scapula

Movement –

• Shoulder adduction

• Shoulder internal rotation

Extras

Origin –

• Dorsal surface of inferior

angle of scapula.

Insertion –

• Medial lip of intertubercular

groove of humerus.

Nerve Supply –

• Subscapular nerve
 Serratus
Anterior
Location –

• Side of the rib cage

Movement –

• Draws scapula forward and upward.

• Abducts and rotates scapula.

• Stabilizes vertebral border of scapula.

Extras

Origin -

• Superolateral surfaces of upper 8 or 9

ribs at the side of chest

Insertion –

• Vertebral border of scapula

Nerve Supply –

• Long thoracic nerve (C5, C6, C7) (C5,

C6, C7)
 Anterior
Deltoid
Location –
• Superior and anterior aspect of
the shoulder.
Movement –
• Shoulder Flexion
• Shoulder Internal rotation

Extras
Origin -
• Lateral third of clavicle, acromion,
and spine of scapula
Insertion –
• Deltoid tuberosity of humerus
Nerve Suppley –
• Axillary nerve (C5 and C6) (C5, C6)
Middle Deltoid
Location-

• Top of shoulder

• Upper arm

Movement-

• Shoulder Abduction (3)

Extras

• 3 total deltoid muscles

Origin-

• Embraces insertion of the trapezius

• lateral 1/3 of clavicle

• acromion and spine of scapula

Insertion-

• Deltoid tuberosity of humerus.

Nerve Supply-

• Axillary nerve
 Posterior
Deltoid
Location –

• Top and posterior of shoulder

Movement –

• Transverse Extension.

• Shoulder Abduction (3)

Extras

Origin –

• Lower lip of posterior border

of spine of scapula as far back
as medial end.

Insertion –

• Deltoid tuberosity of
humerus.

Nerve Supply –

• Axillary Nerve
 Iliopsoas
Combination of 3 muscles:

1. Psoas major

2. Psoas minor

3. Iliacus

Location –

•. Abdomen

Movement –

•. Torso Flexion

•. Hip Flexion

Extras

Origin –

•. Anterior surfaces and lower borders of transverse

processes of L1 - L5 and bodies and discs of T12 - L5

Insertion –

•. Lesser trochanter

Nerve Supply –

•. Direct fibers of L1 - L3 of lumbar plexus (L1, L2, L3)

 Sartorius
Location –

• Anterior aspect of the thigh

• Medial aspect of the knee.

Movement –

• Hip Flexion

• Hip External Rotation

• Knee Flexion.

Extras

Origin –

• Anterior superior iliac spine .

Insertion –

• Superior aspect of the medial surface of

the tibial shaft near the tibial tuberosity.

Nerve Supply –

• Femoral nerve (L2, L3, L4)

Rectus Femoris
Location-

• Middle, Front Thigh

Movement –

• Knee Extension

• Hip Flexion

Extra

• Origin

• Anterior Inferior Illiac Spine

• Insertion

• Patella and Tibial Tuberosity

via Patellar Ligament

• Nerve Supply

• Femoral Nerve
 Vastus
Lateralis
Location –

• Anterior aspect of thigh.

Movement –

• Knee Extension

Extras

Origin –

• Superior portion of intertrochanteric line, anterior

and inferior borders of greater trochanter, superior
portion of lateral lip of linea aspera, and lateral
portion of gluteal tuberosity of femur.

Insertion –

• Lateral base and border of patella; also forms the

lateral patellar retinaculum and lateral side of
quadriceps femoris tendon.

Nerve Supply –

• Muscular branches of femoral nerve (L2, L3, L4)

 Vastus Medialis
Location –

• Front of thigh

Movement –

• Extends knee

• Stabilize patella

Extras

Origin –

• Linea aspera, intertrochanteric

line.

Insertion –

• As for rectus femoris

Nerve Supply –

• Femoral Nerve

• Part of the Quadriceps muscle group.

• Tear drop on the inside is called the

‘oblique.’
 Vastus
Intermedius
Location –
• Anterior aspect of the thigh.
Movement –
• Knee Extension (4)

Extras
Origin –
• Superior 2/3 of anterior and lateral surfaces of
femur; also from lateral intermuscular septum of
thigh
Insertion –
• Lateral border of patella; also forms the deep
portion of the quadriceps tendon
Nerve Supply –
• Muscular branches of femoral nerve (L2, L3, L4)
 Anterior
Tibialis
Location –

• Front of lower leg

Movement –

• Dorsiflexion of ankle.

Extra

Origin –

• Lateral condyle and upper 2/3

of tibial shaft; interosseous
membrane.

Insertion –

• By tendon into inferior surface

of medial cuneiform and first
metatarsal bone.

Nerve Supply –

• Deep fibular nerve

• Muscle associated with shin splints.

 Gluteus
Location –
Maximus
• Butt

• Backside

Movement –

• Hip extension.

• Hip external rotation.

• Hip abduction.

Extras

Origin –

• Posterior aspect of dorsal ilium posterior to

posterior gluteal line, posterior superior iliac
crest, posterior inferior aspect of sacrum and
coccyx, and sacrotuberous ligament.

Insertion –

• Primarily in fascia lata at the iliotibial band;

also into the gluteal tuberosity on posterior
femoral surface.

Nerve Supply –

• Inferior gluteal nerve

 Gluteus
Location-
Medius
• Back side.

• Buttocks

Movement-

• Hip Abduction

• Hip internal rotation

Extras

Origin-

• Between anterior and posterior gluteal lines on lateral

surface of ilium

Insertion-

• By short tendon into lateral aspect of greater trochanter

of femur

Nerve Supply-

• Superior gluteal nerve

• Important in walking

• Muscle of limb planted on ground tilts or holds pelvis in abduction so

that pelvis on side of swinging limb does not sag.

• The foot of swinging limb can thus clear the ground.

 Gluteus
Minimus
Location –

• Lateral aspect of the hip.

Movement –

• Hip Abduction (3)

• Hip Internal rotation.

Extras

Origin –

• Dorsal ilium between inferior and anterior

gluteal lines; also from edge of greater sciatic
notch

Insertion –

• Anterior surface of greater trochanter

Nerve Supply –

• Superior gluteal nerve (L4, L5, S1) (L4, L5, S1)

 Gastrocnemius
Location –
• Posterior lower leg
Movement –
• Plantarflexes foot when knee
extended
• Knee flexion when ankle dorsiflexed

Extra
Origin –
• By two heads from medial and lateral
condyles of femur.
Insertion –
• Posterior calcaneus via calcaneal
tendon.
Nerve Supply –
• Tibial Nerve
 Soleus
Location –

• Posterior aspect of the lower leg.

• Under the gastrocnemius.

Movement –

• Ankle Plantarflexion

Extras

Origin –

• Posterior aspect of fibular head, upper 1/4 - 1/3 of posterior

surface of fibula, middle 1/3 of medial border of tibial shaft,
and from posterior surface of a tendinous arch spanning the
two sites of bone origin

Insertion –

• Eventually unites with the gastrocnemius aponeurosis to

form the Achilles tendon, inserting on the middle 1/3 of the
posterior calcaneal surface

Nerve Supply –

• Tibial nerve (S1, S2) (S1, S2)

 Semitendinosus
Location –

• Posterior aspect of the thigh.

Movement –

• Knee Flexion

• Hip Extension

• Tibia internal rotation when knee is flexed.

Extras

Origin –

• From common tendon with long head of biceps

femoris from superior medial quadrant of the
posterior portion of the ischial tuberosity

Insertion –

• Superior aspect of medial portion of tibial shaft

Nerve Supply –

• Tibial nerve (L5, S1, S2)

 Semimebranosus
Location –

• Back of the thigh.

Movement –

• Knee Flexion

• Hip extension and internal rotation.

Extra

• Part of the Hamstring group.

Origin –

• Ischial tuberosity

Insertion –

• Medial condyle of tibia.

Nerve Supply –

• Sciatic nerve.
Biceps Femoris
Location –

• Back of the thigh.

Movement –

• Knee Flexion (3)

• Rotates the tibia laterally.

• Extends the hip joint

Extras

Origin –

• Common tendon with semitendinosus from

superior medial quadrant of the posterior
portion of the ischial tuberosity

Insertion –

• Primarily on fibular head; also on lateral

collateral ligament and lateral tibial condyle

Nerve Supply –

• Tibial nerve (L5, S1, S2)

 Tensor Fasciae
Latae
Location –
• Lateral aspect of the upper leg.
Movement –
• Helps stabilize the hip and knee by putting
tension on the iliotibial band of fascia.

Extras
Origin -
• Anterior superior iliac spine, outer lip of
anterior iliac crest and fascia lata
Insertion –
• Iliotibial band
Nerve Supply –
• Superior gluteal nerve (L4, L5, S1) (L4, L5,
S1)
 Adductor
Longus
Location –

• Inside of the thigh

Movement –

• Adduction of the hip

• Hip flexion

Extra

Origin –

• Pubic body just below the

pubic crest.

Insertion –

• Middle 1/3 of the linea

aspera

Nerve Supply –

• Obturator nerve
 Adductor
Brevis
Location –

• Inside of thigh

Movement –

• Adducts hip.

• Flexes hip.

• Externally rotates hip.

Extras

Origin –

• Anterior surface of inferior

pubic ramus, inferior to origin
of adductor longus.

Insertion –

• Pectineal line and superior part

of medial lip of linea aspera.

Nerve Supply –

• Obturator nerve
 Adductor
Magnus
Location –

• Medial aspect of the thigh.

Movement –

• Hip Adduction (3)

• Hip Flexion (Horizontal fibers)

• Hip Extension (Vertical fibers)

Extras

Origin –

• Inferior pubic ramus, ischial ramus, and

inferolateral area of ischial tuberosity

Insertion –

• Gluteal tuberosity of femur, medial lip of linea

aspera, medial supracondylar ridge, and adductor
tubercle

Nerve Supply –

• Posterior division of obturator nerve innervates

most of the adductor magnus; vertical or hamstring
portion innervated by tibial nerve (L2, L3, L4)
 Gracilis
Location –

• Inside of the thigh.

Movement –

• Hip adduction, flexion, and internal

rotation.

Extras

Origin –

• Inferior ramus and body of pubis and

adjacent ischial ramus.

Insertion –

• Medial surface of tibia just inferior to

its medial condyle (Pes Anserinus).

Nerve Supply –

• Obturator nerve.
 Pectineus
Location –
• Inside of the thigh.
Movement –
• Hip Adduction
• Hip Flexion

Extras
Origin –
• Pecten pubis and pectineal surface of the pubis
Insertion –
• Pectineal line of femur
Nerve Supply –
• Femoral nerve usually, although it may
sometimes receive additional innervation from
the obturator nerve as well (L2, L3, L4)
 Peroneus
Longus
Location –

• Lateral, lower leg

Movement –

• Ankle Eversion.

• Ankle Plantarflexion

• Supports transverse arch

Extras

Origin –

• Head of fibula

• Upper ½ - 2/3 of lateral fibular shaft surface.

Insertion –

• Plantar posterolateral aspect of medial cuneiform.

• Lateral side of 1st metatarsal base.

Nerve Supply –

• Superficial peroneal nerve.