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    Model Engineer Magazine

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    Model Engineer Magazine

    Copyright:

    © All Rights Reserved
    Download as PDF or read online from Scribd
    Flag for inappropriate content
    Download as pdf
    34 views24 pages

    0049 I

    Uploaded by

    jonatech
    Model Engineer Magazine

    Copyright:

    © All Rights Reserved
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    Model Engineer Amateur Hiectrician. AJOURNAL OF MECHANICS AND ELECTRICITY FOR AMATEURS AND STUDENTS. EDITED BY PERCIVAL MARSHALL, A.I.MEcu.E. Vou. IV, No. 49. MAY 15, 1901. awidP HOMER, , ‘world, What would the inventor of the above think of Stephenson's No. 1 Engine ‘our * Edinburgh to Landon” racers of today? “ Billy.” "As a matter of fac, this engine has undergone a good Billy: deal of alteration since ie canis: days, when it douleas - bboarted the elongated and. crudely-bult chimney in "HE accompanying photograph shows one ofStephen- | separable ftom locomotives of that time ‘The wheels son's engines, wbich was originally built for work | are evidently modernised, and as Stephenson's carliest at Killingworth Colliery, Northumberland, Tt | engines were ited either with gear wheels or an endless had vertical cylinders of Sins. dlam., and 24ins.sizoke, | chain for the cwo. pairs of wheels, the oxtside coupling whilst the Boiler was of simple construction—34 ins. | rod seen in the photograph is probably a later addition, One oF GzoRce StapHENson's Batis? Locomorives. diam. and 8. long—and having a single fue tube. On a tablet placed on the above engine are the words: The engine is now on the platform of the Neweastle. | ‘Tis locomotive engine wat one of the frst bailt by upon ‘Tyne Central Station, North Eastera Railway, | George Stephenson, for the Killingworth Colliery. It 1d Corporation of New- past. The reader need only look at any of our express | castle-upon-Tyne, by Sir Charles Mark Palmer, Bart. fengines of 0 day to see the contrast and note the pro- MP. on the ooeasion of the centenary of the bith of where every care is taken to preserve this relic of the) was presented to the Mayor gress we have made with the revolutioniser of the whole | George Stephenson, Ninth day of June, 1881.” 218 ‘The Model Engineer and Amateur Electrician, May 15, 1901 The Society of Model Engineers. London. ‘IE model steamer trials at the Northampton Ins ‘ate took place on Saturday, “April 20th, as arranged, a.good number of members and fends being present. "Unfortunatly, several members who had pronised to bring boats were unable to attend, s0 thet the models actally on view were limited to Uree in nutn~ ber. Of these the best wa a finely-built model launch, made by Mr. Chas. Baly.” ‘This was driven by a double: cling alidevvalve engine and. chercoalfred boiler, and tava th length ofthe bath (00) a a ve ity seconds, Mr. Blaney ran a smart litle craft, which had i tingle-acting oscillating eylinder, and gave some very ood speed results, The other vessel running. was & fhodel torpedo. gunboat, supplied by Messrs Basset- Lowke & Co., and driven by 4 double acting oscillating cylinder. Tis boat, built all in metal, had & handsome sppearace in the water, and compited four lengthy of ‘bath at one run.” The ‘chairman, Mr Percival Marshall, proposed a vote of thanks to the authorities of the Northampton Institute for their kindnest in allowing the Society the use of the swimming-bath on this occasion, ‘nd the resolution was exrried with acclamation, Dr. K: Mallineux Walmsley, the Principal of the Northampton Institute, briefly replied, stating that they were very pleased to see the members of the Society there. Tun Lioeary. (One ofthe latest additions tothe Library ofthe London Society, is Pettigrew's Manual of Locomotive Eogi neering?” This “volume bas been purchased. by the Society out of the Capital Fund. Members will find this 4 most useful locomotive bool, dealing, as it does, very fally with s great variety of details, he number of is book will be say other recent additions being ~ “at= Locomotives and Railways, Vol. I ‘42 First Principles of the Locomotive, By Michac! Reynolds ‘3p. The Incandescent Lamp. By Gilbert S. Ram. 45. The A\B.C. of Dynamo Design, By Alfred 11. Avery. “46. Practical Lessons in Metal Turning. By Percival Marshall, 47. Tht Mopet ENoiNueR, Vol. 11 New Model Railway Track. ‘The Track Committee have decided upon the construc. tion of anew track, and Mr. H. S, Boorman bas the plans and epecifications in hand, "It will be a great im: provement on the present track in every way, and will be About g ft. high, which will enable members and visitors to have a better view ofthe models. It is hoped that it will be in operation on the frst meeting after the summer oaths, To defray the cost of this new track, a subserip. jon list has been opened, which Mr. Lowy has beaded with guinea. Further amounts are promised, and Messrs. ‘Crebbin and Boorman will be pleased to hear fom any other members who feel disposed to contribute towards this work. Provincial Branches. Glasgow.—The usual fortnightly meeting of the Gtasgow branch was held in the Grand National ITalls, on Friday, April 12th, Mr. Andrew Lang presiding her the minutes of the previous mesting fad been approved, ways and means were discussed as how best to iterease ihe membership of the Society. Mr, Sarauel ae exhibited patterns for & marine engine.— ANDREW LANG, Hon. Secretary, 11, Dale Street, Bridgeton, Glasgow. ‘Sheffield. —There was no meeting of this branch in April, owing’ to the usual meeting night. (the second Monday in each month) falling oa Baster Monday, and dificully was experienced in getting the room for any ther night. ‘The next meeting is ahnowneed for Mon day, May 13th, at the usual time and place, —C. E, Sourne, Hon. Secretary, 4or, Staniforth' Rosd, Atter- cliff, Shefield. ‘Manchester.—The usual monty mecting was held st the Marsden Cafe-on April ist, nineteen” members being present, Mr- Atherton in the chain. The minutes ofthe previous meeting were read by the chairman and Afr lng denon whe desided oat 3 Feary, and several members. promised to give copies o well-known technical books. Mr. Becen exhibited some Enished alominism cylinders and irames for a model ‘American locomotive, Me. uckley a finished crankshaft fore stationary engine, and Mz. Thompstone an inverted vertical engine. ‘The meeting closed at 9,30 with a vote ofthanks to the chairman. oe ‘Those who supply castings, fitings and tools, ete. for model engineering work are invited to send a copy of their catalogue to the following addres for the ase of members of this beanch—W. €. Hiectxs, Hon, Seore- tary, Monton Lodge, Montos, Manchester, Birmingham,—The third ordinary meeting of the Birmingham branch was held atthe Wete Forse Hotel, Gongetve Stanton Api aSthy at 7.90 pm, Twenty soembers and vistors were present. The iimate of the ious meeting having Veen read and. accepted, the eneral business was transacted, and three new members Sieted. "The Chairman (Mr. H. Coxon) then, called on Mt. J. Hi Robottom to fead his paper on™ Dynamo Electie Machines History--Consiraction,” which was most Interesting and fly appreciated by members ar also the few model pars of dynamos exhibee. ‘Me, Fab proposed a vote of thanks to Mr, Robottom, Mr, Knipe stconded. The metiog closed at 9.45 p-me ‘The last meeting of the half-year wil be held on May i6thy 7.30 pny at the White Horse Hotel. (A general disetaion on "members models wil take piace, Knoancements for. Janey Toig, and. Augoat wil be aotiged Iater-—Tuostas IH. Cooxe, Hoke Secretary, 117, Bevington Road, Aston, Birmingham. Leeds.—The notice r¥ the formation of a Leeds branch of the Sociely of Model Engineers has been suc- cessful in bringing about the desired result. We have hhad three meetings, and already have twenty members and several applications for membership, and it is very probable we auall add to our number considerably at our ext meeting. This will be held on Tuesday evening, May 14th, in St. Andrew's Church Schools, of Burly Street, Leeds, and those who are interested in model and electrical engineering in the Leeds district, who have not already joined us, will benefit largely by doing s0, a8 we have a good programme before us and plenty of good material fo work from,—W. H. BROUGHTON, Sectelary, 1262, Carlton Terrace, York’ Road, Leeds. Bradford.—The fortnightly meeting of the Bradford ranch was held at the Coffee Tavern, Tyrrell Strect, The chair was occupied Bradford, on April 15th, 1901, by Mr. A. P. Drake. meeting were passed, Vical tabular boiler, 12 ing. by § ins, heated by charcoal. Mr, Wilson gave a fow interesting’ remarks on how he made it. The meeting closed at 10. p.m.— JAMES H Lams, ‘Hon, Secretary, Holly Bank, to9, Rushton Road, Thornbury, Bradford, Vorks. May 15, 1901. The Model Engineer and Amateur Electrici a19 Dublin.—The third ordinary meeting of the Dublin branch was held on. Tuesday, the 16th ult, atthe Society's rooms, 3, Burgh Quay. The_business before the meeting being’ transacted, the President read Mr. Crebbin’s paper on ‘* Model Boilers,” which led to an ‘teresting discussion on boilers generally. A vote of haoks being passed co Mr, Crebbin, the mecting ad- gure se Hoge ode “4. E, Wincawoxrs, 149, south Circular Road, Dublin. To Readers in Cheltenham, ‘A nani of the Society of Model Engineers is pro- posed to be formed in Cheltenham. Mr, ‘Charles NM. Gwilliam, who has long been a member of the ‘London Sick aking spon him the gata of he pre liminary labour, and'& good response from model eng cs nthe dit shou ole bao sepet the fr tation ofa strong branch. The address of the Acting ‘Seereary ib 4, Osborne Terrace, Cheltenbam. For the Book-shelf. ‘Tus PHorocrariic DEALRR’s ANNUAL FOR 190%. ‘London * Marshall & Brookes, Harp Alley, Faring. don Street. Price 1s, (To thetrade only.) ‘This isthe second ineve of this seful anneal, and we have 0. doubt 1 will prove highly acceptable to the Photographie trade, for whom it is intended, Tes rincipl contents include a directory of trade adresses} Frow fo Stare Photographic Department ; an article oa sidelines for dealers, deveibing miroscopes and seca: tories and apparatus for colour photography 7 Tow to pen’ up Business with the Colonies; shipping informa: {Edn instructions fr patenting an invention and ign and trade marcy and large amount of it~ mation concerning photographic forma, formation, trade. marks, recipes, scientific For those dealing in photographie goods, a photographie department, this sonal legal societies, &e. ‘oF about to 0 Isa valuable book of reference. Mussas, RicHAxD MELHUISH, SONS AND Co, inform us that they have secured an excellent space at the forth. coming Glasgow Hxhibition. ‘The principal interest of their exhibit will be a show of engineers’ tools and light machinery of the latest labour saving design, with some Special apparatus for particular classes of work, and a selection of tools and appliances. for various, other mechanical arts, The exhibit, which our North Country feaders in particular should make a point of inspecting, will be found at No. 145 Machinery Fall i ‘Tue RAWWaY Cion—The April meeting of the London Centre of the Railway Club was held at the Memorial Hall, Farringdon Steet, B.C., on Thursday, the 11th inst.,'the chair being taken, in'the absence of Mr. Bruce, by'Mr. J. F. Gairns at 7.30 pm. Mr. G. F. ‘Tyas had Been announced to give a lecture, but at almost the last moment was prevented from fulfiling his promise. Mr. A. J. Chisholm, however, very efficiently took his place at very short notice, and gave an account of some Of his experiences during: his Very extensive wanderings fer the railways of the United Kingdom, Mr. Chisholm dealt more particularly with unasual incidents which had ome under his notice, and with the curious features of some of the railways he had travelled on, but also spoke at considerable length on the Irish railways, which have been his special study. Altogether the lecture proved very interesting and dastrictive, and the hearty vote of thanks accorded to the lecturer was well merited, Model-making for Beginners. (Thereof tice 1s exeily Intended Jor thn, erntenrs SoA Leyte Se ead ota hegre er emake ta arte cake pole hth ace Ci ese tt ee tht tees ee ice rate tee Ete he oa etn ye Fe ones King neural entre for tt. Where thread Sunale ete adel foot las the fat Th ee Thould be sent carriage aid loth wags ohn asoee om teell iret ees Prete eens rye reader wil be gratefully received, and the BALE il pad to har rome ese eh wide ake ‘any geste et, “Suck raegcions tll chee pcb form BEE aes arte How to Make a Simple Electric Beam Engine. By “Ventas” (Continued from page 203.) “Tm sepcmn tg Sept o e me mere hag, Sayre eo Aree come eee af oa sp aes and idly zat thet ay camer ag 4 we Sen en cmp eh ae thick. Cut this out carefully with a fetsaw to get an accurately circular disc. Find a large French nally one about 3 ins. long. and 3-16ths in, diameter will be right. ‘AL the centre of the wood disc (marked by the compass leg) drill 2 small hole as carefully as possible to get it exactly at right angles. ‘Try if it is correct by means of a Straight wire fiting the hole, and a set square or ordinary steel square. If correct, drill the hole larger, being exce- fal to follow the frst hole, and make it big enough #0 allow the French nail to be driven in tight. 220 ‘The Model Engineer and Amateur Electrician. Before puting the nail sbout J in, of ts point end shold be'eat off square. "The hole the woot fone side mest then be countersunk Title to allow the fread of the nal to gon almost ashe T say “almosty> becastet wil be better anything forthe head fo stand outa tif. Drive the nail init should go. in quite Ugh, an then patho id over the de, which shuld, crore, ft intde fail tighly. Reference to Fig. § sr hep to make racers cles. . Taig. ¢ may also be seen at a 4, (wo Tite tacks. ‘There should be halfacdonen of these disposed equally sound the wheel, and they may be driven straight though {he tin into the dise of wood ithe latter be supported on fomething solid just underneath, Round-headed. bast tacks, of eoure, look hes, but are not indispensable, everything has been carefully done, the wheel should an prety truly wilh the nal as 2xley bat if earlesly oF Anlvekily mounted, #t may “wobble” or tun eesentte: ally. Tn the fist case the remedy isto keoek the nail Square with the disc, and fix it therewith apiece of brass inte or even wood, screwed to the disc’ and bearing l'on the nail on the side towards which it tends incline. In the other casey if the cecenrcty i ile, it ‘must be pit up with, Ifimuch, anew wood disc, more tefaly cutout, Hs the only remedy. ‘oe test hing i ton he cere of the lywheel, ‘This can be done by means of & pair of calipers. Thy should be opened at near as can be guessed to the hall ameter, one leg placed st (Fig, 6) and the are 2,9, struck on the tiny ‘Then one leg is. placed at and the arc w, = is marked, This i done agtin at cand 3, when the conte ofthe wheel is quite apparent. Ata distance of §-r6ths in. from the centre (see Fig. 7) make a mark tod drills hole stable to take a No.0 wood serew. This hole can he punched and simered out with a tng end of a fle.” Prepare a round:headed No. 6 brass ot {ron screw by Sling the round head down to’ a dice, and filing this again to a hexagon (Wig. 8)3 sade fs not an esse, bat fe adds to appearances cots ut ile time, and is good practice, This screw has to. be driven niet and square into the hole in Aywheel; it should projeet About’ in and forms the era pin ofthe engines "The beatings may be made ia one stiff piece of brass gins Tong, in wide, and 1 16th ip. to tin, thick ‘his should be bid to the shape shown at A Fig. oy and the two ends bent up at the dotted lines, so that each end le'Pin. high, and the middle piece 12 ins. long. t's ceatre line (2,8) has been marked on whet wil be the outside of the bearing it willbe an advantage in setting Out the holes for the shaft These holes must both he marked off at the same height, and drilled to. sult the shaft. The beginner will doubiles dil ce largest hole hhecan to start with, and rimer It out. withthe tang end ofthe fle—the motor built for the purpores ofthis atcle fs as innocent of lathe work as any “machinery,” and the dling was no exception —yet i runs, and ra well “The holes in beatings must be no. bigger than will allow the shaft to rin ip them quite ess they musty of course, be in line. "Drill two holes inthe base partof tne bearing (6 4 Fig. 9), close to the edge, and blg enough to take any ordinary serew, say, 3 long May 15, 1901. In eg oh pn ea aici ae moa eae piece of brass, filed to shape, and about 34 in. diam. It Ge are pene Steg tapas A vce ae et Sri facie pene bse eet eet eile sade ule hese ier soto portions of sod aded tn si ieee toe ee oer Tas isting te elle, Ge ss here een ante hts see He gew a ey ee a sna Bag aes re eam ee ely May 15, 1901. the consraction is shown in several views in Fig 15, fa whieh is shown bra plate with thee Boles The {op one eatres the French al shaft bin ig: tt whit IR other wore counters or crews whieh go heh the upright and into a neat wood’ block, “The base "ted xacly at right angles to. che spghtpleces with glue and’ out pins, while & web ie Atte and Fixed by glue and pins fo the structure. A hole isdrilled to ake atin French al tightly at 2 Two standards as desrribed are needed, and most be identical. Allis now ready for building up. A baseboard of any smooth’ flat wood, ios, long, 44 ins. wide, and not tunder 34 in. thick’ is to be made, and also an ‘upper Fig 26. floor,” 6b ins. by 4h ins. by 3 in. "These are made into thelr sketenedth Fig. 160 two sides (8) of ost Atco bat belre ding Togethers sot ax shown must be Exoutol the top foot for fhe bywaeel, and strengthening pieces ac given in the drawing, Fig. fy mow be affaed Endemeath, “These nesd nt be nicely fished of bat Inuet be stout enough to fake stews without spiting. hy ate Secured toto, Stony sa ies of box By Take the fywhel (to the crak pin of which the con- necing tol bas. been atached) tod tread the shat Tough one of the Jouraal hole im the bearing, Now dive the ecottceontact due oa the that fo about 0. ffom the outward ends The escent. mat bate deine postion with tegard tothe crak, the logeat sldeof the ecortic beiy at right angles tothe aie Issie, "Ths positon is shown fo Figs adie such that when theleraak i ats lowest plat and the arma fare ats highest the exeentie just egies to male con- tact with Spring sad connges in eootact til the rant has fenced is highest and the armatare it lowest fn ‘Thread the sbat Uough he second. basi, Thich must cme closeup to the eccenie. ut the ff thee! init place in the sit F (Pig 16) ao that Bas an ual space On enc side of i, and trew down the beat Sn with two rosnd-heael scm. Spe beam (Fig. 11) ay be lld on the bedplate, and its psion maid hI will then be easy toate where thelsandards (Fig, 15) are to be pat to mipport i and sho hee fie elatrormagact, "The French ‘al Se ted in thelr erpetive places, joining up the con: Dectng rod, armature standards’ and beam, and so ining the shor links (Fig. nq) © standards and rma: ‘ire. “K contact spring of very thin springy brass or copper, as shown in Now 8, igs ie ted inthe postion shows in the general view. “Ht has one hole nex the end, by which "Tend to the wood ok, «copper ie Tg looped ander the spring. here. Another hole Tutor aloog takes stzrem, which pases into The bse, ad tig stew is ed to relate the presore. AS tlretdy hinted, the positon ofthe contact sping should ievuch that contal mate Guring halle tevalion of the Bywheel. The wie from contact atow goes dret {o'er of the terminals onthe base boards Another wire, std wl ee hang Spores alt ceezmagret wing ise eco eed ad asin fs el er ee ane Tae need oe doe ne te tebliteryyo cerca iu cel eee ox patsing wp, wich cnt dove beans or cu xen apy gh don te at ciieteatey amet gor ined eds sire ee he of Ea sega rotone ated the tema | iy gy of lon ach of he earner i gemini. and doe ot epee ie ih Beton afte ough hall Sa Ices Te mah rs he cna et ran wepolaly Fyre males iar te ik toe ot rr ut atu na ae wae fv a SE Pi Pie te eset emer imouto hematin eet wal Sistema sum ed tase The slesro mage pu seal tn ema, ena love pons dace ein by ind ed coe ld seg rae eng ons oth ot ns cabal peel, dhactg teen agow |, Ply oh 2 pear seme a tesa ny ane te peor oi Mae oostine ated BERET iia aloe belay tag Motor Cycles and How to Con- struct Them. By T. 1, Hawuey. ( Continuad from poge 202.) ‘VI—Fiune anp Pouisuine vie Frame, Borupine up THE Front ForKs, rc, ASSUMING tat the work ip sonsin withthe yazing up and aligoment of the bridged axle been ato Smee the nh tp tate frame construction wil be the inasing ofthe fae tothe byldge piece atthe til end of the 194 in. tabes Dut bets this done, every care must be taken to envtre absolute completion of all brazing and setting of each pieces as Once this joints made, the frame becomes very unwieldy hd dificatt to operate on fn the basing heath: Before brazing this joint, therefore, it will be well to reper tg and examine al ote and word here may be offered on the subject offing ap and poi the frame joints, sp and polishing “his might apps matron whch no ination op suggestion were fequiredy bat, on the sther handy nen inclined wo think that one'naccustomed tothe work wotld be in danger of seriously impairing the strength of the frame suture trough injudicious feat in the se of the Sle, particulary so as the brazing ls not likely to be oo neatly done asi performed bys skilled hand, ‘When the work comes from the brazing. heart its ‘more than likely that there will bea considerable quantity 22 ‘The Model Engineer and Amateur Electrician. May 15, 1901. cof surplus brass on the oster suface of both tube and Socket, aad eso conidersble hard sales, and the sight of this is apt to render the workman impatient, and-enuse him fo tse coarse and unstable es for the quicker re tmoval ofthe surpis stuf Apart, however, from merely Cdeaning the Jomty the Gling up ie more’or less of & Shaping operation, forthe onside ct the socket eatings have not been tachinedy and fe sore than key that {he bore fs somembat cecentie to the outade, in, which tase the socket must be equalled by the es then, ago, thevsocket lip wl be thie at the edge, and i regres tapering away to Kalle edge altwost, or, ay, inthe case ofa meior ivieyee Trameysuch a8 the one ander di fssion, 104 thickness not exceeding. t-t6thof an inch, ‘This tapering operation fx not done eniely for apps: ance sake, though the work is vaily proved ta appear nce by it and there is room for the eahiition of some Site feting in bringing. out the curves, sweeps, and aight lines thus, socket might be equaled and re ‘iced fo the necestny thickness ll round the mot by caving the sirke of the Gle only some quarter of an {inch Bucky but in such case the socket would have hump-bacted appearances and would moreover be un ‘equal i the thickness ofits walls at any one. poly if ‘Sdeentricty of bore existed. The stroke ofthe fle shoud ‘eretore te earied the fll length ofthe socket, 0 a0 icavea sinigit line snd an equal body of mets, grado. Ally increasing in thickness fom the Kaife edge fo the ‘Shoulder ere also being taken to leave a nice roxnding fr weep tthe filet or fonction between the fines of th adjoining tubes, A 10-n. bastard fe of square scton, is about the night thing for this work, an ok fle of chs fee being waed st to remove the seales afew half Found and ya-tall files are also requited in both coare- ‘Sat and halfsmooth for working out the sweeps it'is, however, in clesuing up the tubes afound the socket mouths thst the real ene ie requitedy andthe tbe ial should never be touched with * coarse cat fey 20 that the brass or spelter iin lumps or in considerable uantiy, andi is necessary to employ coare-cit fe fn Wetenval, every care mutt bs taken that the coarse fie Alpes not penetrate the brass and dig into the tube, for it fut be remembered that a 2ogange tabe i Zur den 7 Inilimetr, or about 1-32nd in tic ong, and tat the foint whete this tbe join the socket isthe point where The geatest sess comes, ao the tobe must not be farther trexkened by "nicking in withthe fe. "The theory of granttation is now well accepted and proved in practices take + moment's thought ato what eeurs in the frame of cycle whichis being propelled ‘ver bampy roads ‘Fhe various tubes are in a constant state of violent sibvationy aud aby sudden cheek to this vibration, will if Constantly repeated at one point, case a granclation ‘or Structural alteration in the arrangement of the molecules ‘Of the metal, which wil in time render the tube brite {his pong andthe line taken i around the tube atthe point where it enters the soekel, precisely where the dsm. Rerexsts of nicking in with the fle ia the process of SXeaning up thejoint PO Bow the mais Hele father and go ack a siage, remembering the orginal thickness of the tube seal’ Tn the dre pace ta impossible to raze the int Trot fosing more or Lessf the tube thicknes by oxida To? then inthe next place, the best required for brazing flee to some extent the natore-of the see, form the proces of wid drawing the tube tendered both hard Tha tough, but in radi the toughness is removed, and the proces hasan annealing effet, unless cooled by quenching, which in (ur i dangerous expedient, unles the charatice ofthe sec fs known, for quencing in some eases would cause hardening and brittleness. ‘Then, after th loss by oxidation (which can hardly be avoided), thete is the further probability or danger of ‘overheating of burning” the tube j 8 fatal condition, because the steel is robbed of certain constituents, chang’ ing its nature entirely, and, ia some case, leaving wih Iifle more strength than cardboard. ‘Then follow the dangers due to pickling, Sling up, and polahing, so that the importance ot protecting ths’ par fieular point in the tate work through all the vaclous Operations, cannot be too strongly impressed, abd the {ction ofthe serrated liner or etvole s now apparent though Tet it be repeated tbat this liner fe something worse than, useless unless it be well razed and in metals Contact with he tobe throughout its length, nd partion ian atthe points of the tongues. “The statements on vibration and granalation hold good for ordinary eyces, bat the importance of the mater is temphasied in the esse of motor-driven vehicles, Wh Sresubjected to much amore severe shocks under 9 com ‘Herably increased weight “Fo rotura tothe Hing ap ofthe joints the lip of the socket ait be trimmed up & elearcxt straight line for Smartncse of appearance. "When with a comse-cut Sle the ball of the peter hasbeen removed, continae with hand’ smooth fat safe edge until the’ tube is almost reached, bat still having brassy” appearance. At Blage take an old, Bat, smooth-eut Gc, one face of which hua been ground ‘down smooth, aod with the edge of this shape up the lip of the socket.” Do not agein touch the tube with ale, bat finish with an emery * stick” ier spec of fiat wood some 2s wile by 15 ins long of irhich is glued satu of Oskey's No, 1 or o engineers tilled emery cloth govering the whole of one face being clean ext witha Knife'on one edge, so that ‘woo well upto the socket lip + this, whes nem, ts almost powerful tsa fle, and shouldbe ase! with iscretion, or emery sticks of different widths and with rounded ‘edges for swerps will be found useful for geting ronnd Sockets and sweeps, and the actual polishing off will be done with long sips of the same emery cloth, bearing fn mind that ifthe best fish is desired al ile marks amas be obliterated, of they will show sp in the enamel, ‘Asa farthe? means of protecting the tube at the joins, the whole of the Sling and polishiog on the outer surface ofthe socket shoul be completed belore the brass is em tirely removed from the tube, betause then the tube i Drotécted from a slip of the fie. Another Tile point in Eonelason ofthis subject. In some jints—such for in. Stance, ara font fork, where ie ome the crown piece do not clean away the whole ofthe brass to leave a sharp, Squarecat appetrance, Dit round it off with a smal attal fie; this not only gives a beter appearance bit listo he strength of the joint, as the braving suace Contact is slighty increased. Tn connection With Sling and polishing, Thad almost forgotten to pive «word of warning respecting the hand ling of tubes fn the vice. "On no account should the tube ‘wotk be gripped in the ordinary jaws, ot It is sue to be feratched at least, but most likely fattened fn places ave indentations made trough slipping out of the jows on to thesharpy square edges beneath, std either of tete fetes are aifical to remedy in any cae, bat parieclary 0 when there i no access lo the interior ofthe tbe, ‘But, in case such an accent happens, ithe tbe end is open, a deft mast he mae jus the iz of the tube bore ahd driven down with the tabe col, the dit being well Iubricatedy then, with the dif ia poston inside the tabe, theindentation may be further obliterated by gently ham” tering the surface. “When the interior of the tube is closed and the dit cexnnot be used, the only remedy for sharp indentations Storrun some spelter in so as fo bring up the surface; cd May 15, 1901. The Model Bugineer and Amatour Blectrict Fic. 33. Baut Heap 1 Srerton. Comper FRontyFors. 1 ~t MOTOR CYCLES AND HOW TO CONSTRUCT THEM. 225 ‘The Model Engineer and Amateur Electrician, May 15, 1901. but witha fated tube the sap may be retored by rolling or rocking ito and fro fa lead, ion, or hard wood fame cin the vee the Jews beg ore. having lf round channels formed corresponding to the seo the tube to be operated on. For holding the frame tubes during clesning ap, the vice fs Btted with loose hard’ wood oF valeanite Jams having such balf cieular grooves for holding the ibe, and it in-a geen nivantage ifthe vice be a swiveling "As the frame approaches completion and becomes un- wieldy, it wll be neceseary at exch position inthe vies to Prop sp the extremities of the frame, supporting the freight fo. prevent “kinking ” the tube, and for certain Paris of tbe polishing operation. A steel mandtel fixed ‘Vertically inthe vice will be found a convenient support fr the fatze when passed through the heed socket ot down the seat post. Tefore finally brazing the frame front 10 the bridged sale carefully test the postion of the 134-0, bottom tobe fer atignment withthe all ead and seatpost pi of Tong staightedgeslald on each side the frame from the bottom ofthe ball head Gust above the socket) tothe tall of the rear Tube wil leave the seatpost tube standing lear and equt-ditant between the staightedges i the frame is true] butif this isnot the ease, then the tail tube ‘ust be eet over slighty until perfectly tric) and in the tteence of straightedges th test may be equally accurately thade. wilh a length of ordinary ‘white. sewing cotton passed around the head tube and down esch side. ‘The ue may pow be ied and pled nto the socket on the bridged fale, abd if this socket has been comectly bored, the ale wll sand at tre ight angles othe frame, anda test for this had better be made before the joint it ‘sed, as the condition is a most important one. and toust be secuted’at any cos if the alce steering of the tachine is to be ensired. "There are several methods of making this tests it may be done by tammels or by direct meanurement, of by & Jong straightedge laid on the side face of the big gon- melal gear wheel on the balance-geared axle; and the Inter fp the moat reliable if available at this stage, ‘hi gear wheels mounted on the divingesle proper and if when revolved is side face runs perlectly tr, 1 follows that a straightedge laid along that face will be at ‘sive right angle fo the axle and tat, therefore, ifthe frame font be parallel! to the straightedge, the whole fracture is trae. the gear wheel tet, however, we may take the two extreme ebds ofthe axle or bildge pce, oF any to zich points a are equidistant from the frame tube eetre, fod witha trammel or kind of gauge mate fom x length Sr stel rod, uy the mensuement from the font of the ball ead to each ofthe points on the axle in tua, when, ifthe frame is tre, and sapposing the axle proper wild ends centred to be in position, then the poisted end of {he temmel would enter into the ceatre dot on each side, forming a true triangle with the axle as a base and the baad ene Apex ‘A tis point T mighty perbaps, crave the toleration af those readers who ate cuficiently advanced in mechani- fal matters generally to see plainly for themselves the Satna porte a ach mato as the above, and nother minor points touched on. in the present papers but my plea taut be that there are others to whom just Sach information and insruetion is necesary to endure fuccess in the work being undertaken, as the overlook TDgian apparently simple job or test when taken in ie ttt may cause endless rouble or paral lure by ds covery ata ater stage J “ ‘ence, T wish to emphasise the importance of ensuring the greatest tsi degree of accuracy at cach sage, step by sep, as we proceed, so that there shall be no turning back and undoing of work; the stage we bave now artived a in the frame constuction being's ital cate in point Not only, however, must the axle be at true right angles (0 the frame horiontally, but vertically as well. {Tile alo may be arrived at by tammelling tom the axle cezntres (othe top of the seat post, though a. more: deli- fate tert may be made with the plumb-line if really re Kine spirit level sat Band.” Place a trae straight along the top of the tnige, and see thatthe straightedge {truly parallel with, the bore through the bearing brackets place the spirtlevel on top of staightedges and pack up one end of ane antl level showstrae. ‘Now Bangs weit by awit ed tine rom psx post entfe and in a good light a quick eye will detec the Sligitest deviation from parallelism between the while Unfead and black tubing of the seat post. "This ne text however, need scarcely be applied unit ater the joint raged, a6, wilh all possible care, ie is ‘ore thaa likely that some movement ofthe tabe within the socket, ether durog pioning or brazing, will upset the postion somewhaty anda tersin amotoy of aet- ting Pie tobe expected though avoided i possible. ing. succesully "accomplished the’ union. of the ied axle and the frame fron, the next step in order {s the fitting of the seat stays, from the seat clip to the Inge at cack end of axle bridge, If all were geometre cally" corres these stays would, of course, be of equal fengths but inthis ease itis policy to ignore that and ft theslays up separscly. These tubes are shown on the drawing (Fig. 3) in Art. 2 an being 14 9 J6the fa, by Fin, dam, and 16 gauge; but this i not the proper tube Tength, as it does not allow for the increased distance due tothe aprend of the tubes,” ‘Therefore, take ube lengths from the actual frame io progress and cut the tubes slightly long, brazing in the lower end Tugs fst, and be fore ting the apper end loge fx the says in position on the axle bridge by their busy and adjst the angle of Spread nt the two tubes sit correctly in line forthe Satepost lips they may then be timmed. off fo exact dength and the upper lags brazed in. “The next piece of work in comsection with the frame fs one of some importance and demanding carefil te rent thie the bulling up of the font fork, a dimen Honed working drawing’ of which accompanies, tis, find shown ia Fig, 23, dimensions and tube gauges aloo being given in. Fig, 3 Are 2, reference. tothe latter Showing the forward tiber to be 9-16the in. dlameter by 419 gauge, and the rear fork tubes in ameter by 1 ange. “The present drawing (Fig. 22) should be studied in connection with the accompanying drawing of complete ball-head in section (Fig. 23), in which the inner tube or steering post corresponds with the tube d in Fig. 22. ‘Tei possible that m balding up the frame the overall distances of ballshead lags (834 fns., Fig. a3) may have been exceeded, but no damage will be done ifthe Steen + post ( Fig. 22) be made correspondingly longer. "The. frst operation will be machining the “ fork exown” or hesdpiece

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