5G Technology Introduction,

Market Status Overview and Worldwide Trials

5G & IoT Seminar, May 2017, Italy

Günter Pfeifer
Technology Manager – Wireless Communication
Outline

Introduction Standardization Physical Layer Trials eMBB

What is 5G ? Timeline Testing Verizon Datarate
Considerations SKT Use cases
KT
NTT DOCOMO
Etc.

2
Outline

Introduction Standardization Physical Layer Trials eMBB

What is 5G ? Timeline Testing Verizon Datarate
Considerations SKT Use cases
KT
NTT DOCOMO
Etc.

3
What is 5G? – It’s a paradigm shift

1G 1980s
2G 1990s
3G 2000s
4G 2010s
5G 2020s

• Define use case

• Analyze requirements
• Define technology
Transition
from analog
to digital…
eMBB

www

www

• Define technology framework

• Find a use case mIoT URLLC

4
What is 5G?

Ultra-Dense Broadband Public Safety IoT Sensor

Networks Access Networks

Broadcast Mobility Automotive E-Health

Services

Evolutionary Wide Area Networks < 6GHz Revolutionary mmWave Data Networks

Energy Savings System Capacity Data Rates Low Latency Device Capacity
10-200X 100X 10-100X < 1 ms 100X

5
The Triangle of 5G Use Cases
eMBB remains Priority 1
Massive IoT
enhanced Mobile
ı A diverse ecosystem
(operators, manufacturers,
Broadband (eMBB)
local authorities, certification
only for some technologies)
ı Mix of technologies
(GSM, Lora, Zigbee, WLAN,
Bluetooth, Cat M1, NB-IoT,…)
ı It’s all about cost efficiency
and massive connectivity
massive Machine
Type Communication
(mMTC)
eMBB – the known playground
ı Established ecosystem (operators, manufacturers,
certification of devices)
ı Evolution from existing technologies (LTE-A, 802.11 ad)
and revolutionary additions (cm- / mm-wave)
ı It’s all about data (speed and capacity)
URLLC
ı A significantly enhanced and
diverse ecosystem (operators (?),
manufacturers, verticals,
certification not existing (yet))
ı Existing technologies do not
Ultra Reliable &
provide sufficient performance
Low Latency
ı It’s all about reliability and security
Communication
(data and capacity)
(URLLC)
6
Outline

Introduction Standardization Physical Layer Trials eMBB

What is 5G ? Timeline Testing Verizon Datarate
Considerations SKT Use cases
KT
NTT DOCOMO
Etc.

7
5G - Continuing the Success of LTE Evolution
Service: Data+Voice Mobile Broadband (MBB) eMBB / mMTC / URLLC

CAT
M1 NB- mMTC
IoT
Cat0 PSM
eICIC MTC

Voice
20 LWIP
MHz CoMP 256 SC-
OFDM CA CA QAM LAA
PTM
eMBB
enh. DC
MIMO WLAN LWA
MBMS
offload
8x8 CA FDD
MIMO D2D D2D
+ TDD V2X URLCC
enh.

Rel8 Rel9 Rel10 Rel11 Rel12 Rel13 Rel14

2009/10+ 2013+ 2016+ Commercial operation

8
Where do we stand with 5G?

ı After research phase and early 5G prototype /

demonstrator stage transition towards concrete
specification and implementation work

ı 3GPP RAN started NR = 5G work item in

March 2017 and accelerated its timeline due to
industry activities outside 3GPP

Pre-commercial field trials are anticipated

mid of 2017 with proprietary standards
based on agreements between network
operator(s) and their vendors

9
 3GPP Standardization
Timeline after 3GPP RAN#75 (March 2017)
2015 2016 2017 2018 2019

NR Phase 1 (Specification) 5G Phase 2 (Specification)

Release 13 Release 14 Release 15 Release 16

3GPP 5G
Workshop
5G Scope and
Requirements 5G NR Work Items Phase 1 5G NR Work Items Phase 2

Channel modeling > 6 GHz TSG-RAN#78, December 2017:

- Stage 3 for NSA 5G-NR TSG#80, June 2018:
(NSA option 3 family) - Stage 3 for SA 5G-NR
TR 38.900 - ASN.1 freeze in March 2018 - ASN.1 freeze in September 2018
finalized
TR 38.913 NR: New Radio
SA: Standalone
NSA: Non Standalone

10
3GPP RAN#75: Start of NR (5G) work item in 3GPP
ı 3GPP naming convention:
→ GERAN („2.xG“) → UTRAN („3.xG“) → E-UTRAN („4.xG“) → NG-RAN („5.xG“)
 3GPP document convention: 38.xxx series will cover NR
ı Application scenarios:
 Enhanced mobile broadband (eMBB) – Top Prio in Rel-15
 Ultra reliable and low latency communications (URLLC) – (at least partly) incl. in Rel-15
 Massive machine-type-communications (mMTC) – shifted to Rel-16
ı Most likely radio technology innovations towards NEW RADIO (NR)
 New spectrum: cm and mm Wave spectrum („beyond 6 GHz“)
 Investigation of new spectrum (incl. channel modeling) ongoing
 Massive MIMO on downlink
 Focus on spatial domain deployment to increase capacity (3D view on coverage area)
 CP-OFDM based transmission scheme on downlink
 New <TBD> non-orthogonal transmission scheme on uplink

11
 3GPP officially launched New Radio (NR) specification work
Option 3/3A is prioritized for NSA (connectivity options in TR 38.801)
ı Dual connectivity between NR and LTE Option 3: EPC Option 3A: EPC
 E-UTRA master, NR secondary
 Via EPC (Option 3)
S1U
 Via NGC (Option 7)
S1MME S1U S1MME S1U
 NR master, E-UTRA secondary*
Xxu
 Via NGC (Option 4)
ı Single connectivity to Next-Generation XxC XxC
Core (NGC) - option 2 eNB gNB eNB gNB
Option 4:
Option 2: NGC Option 7: Option 7A:
NGC NGC NGC
NGU NGU gNB: A node
NGU NGC NGU NGC NGC NGU NGC which supports
NGU
the NR as well
as connectivity
gNB gNB eNB to NGC
eNB gNB eNB gNB
*Lower priority - started after the work on option 2, 3 series and 7 series are completed

May 2017 12
Outline

Introduction Standardization Physical Layer Trials eMBB

What is 5G ? Timeline Testing Verizon Datarate
Considerations SKT Use cases
KT
NTT DOCOMO
Etc.

13
 New spectrum for mobile communications: cm and mm waves

∗
Frequency bands Frequency range Wavelength range λ 1 𝑚 𝑑𝑖𝑠𝑡𝑎𝑛𝑐𝑒 𝐹𝑆𝑃𝐿
UHF Ultra High Frequency 300 MHz – 3 GHz 10 – 1 dm 22 dB – 42 dB
SHF Super High Frequency 3 GHz – 30 GHz 10 – 1 cm 42 dB – 62 dB
EHF Extra High Frequency 30 GHz – 300 GHz 10 – 1 mm 62 dB – 82 dB

ITU band Range ITU band Range FSPL example

X 8 – 12 GHz Q 33 – 50 GHz (cell range 1km):
Ku 12 – 18 GHz U 40 – 60 GHz 900MHz  91dB
26GHz  121dB
K 18 – 27 GHz V 50 – 75 GHz
Ka 27 – 40 GHz E 60 – 90 GHz
Free Space Path Loss
4𝜋
∗ 𝐹𝑆𝑃𝐿 = 20𝑙𝑜𝑔
Source: ITU: Recommendation ITU-R V.431-7: Nomenclature of the Frequency and Wavelength Bands Used in Telecommunications λ

14
3GPP TR 38.803 NR RF Testability

Conducted testing OTA measurements

Re-use LTE UE 6 GHz 24 GHz in far field*

Testing methodology *Note: Alternative near field methods are not precluded

Only Antenna performance Everything to be

tested Over The Air (OTA) tested Over The Air (OTA)
[TRP, TIS, …]

Source: 3GPP TR 38.803 V2.0.0

15
Testing of 5G devices – Just removing cables?

16
Basic conducted LTE UE certification setup
RF test setup conditions:

SS splitter Σ RX • DL simulation from the UE‘s

TX
perspective, incl. AWGN,
AWGN multipath, interference, etc.
Gen 1 UE
under
test
• UL „ideal“ conditions,
AWGN i.e. shall not add errors
Gen 2
TX/RX to UE UL signal
Σ
RX
• Reference point:
UE antenna connector

Tester / Test system

Source: 3GPP TS 36.508 V12.9.0 (2016-03)

17
Removing the cables …. it sounds simple, but it‘s not ….

SS RX
splitter Σ
TX

AWGN • Introduces antennas !

Gen 1 UE
• Introduces cross-talk ! under
• Near/Far field conditions ? test
• UE position matters !
AWGN
• Measurement reference point ?
Gen 2
• Anechoic environment !? TX/RX
• Maintain ideal uplink ?
Σ
RX

Test system
Source: 3GPP TS 36.508 V12.9.0 (2016-03)

18
5G testing … it‘s NOT just removing cables

ı More measurement variables:

 DoA (Direction of Arrival)
 DoD (Direction of Departure)
 Antenna polarization
ı Calibration procedures, accordingly
ı Evaluation of measurement uncertainties
ı Specification of measurement reference points incl. appropriate requirements
ı Meeting far field condition requirements in limited space (NF-FF transformation)
ı Creation and implementation of beamforming related test standards
ı MIMO performance testing under interference and multipath conditions
ı Different anechoic test setups required for different test purposes?
ı …

19
Outline

Introduction Standardization Physical Layer Trials eMBB

What is 5G ? Timeline Testing Verizon Datarate
Considerations SKT Use cases
KT
NTT DOCOMO
Etc.

20
5G Market Status
ı Testing and trialing of new pre-standard 5G technologies is already well underway

ı At least 25 operators from 15 countries have demonstrated 5G technologies

or announced 5G tests / trials

ı Recent announcements about 5G intentions or pre-standards 5G launch timetables

 Verizon intends to start pre-commercial services
with customers during the first half of 2017
 TIM plans to launch a network
in Turin during 2017
 Sonera Finland plans to launch a 5G network
in Helsinki in 2018
 Etisalat has announced a
launch in 2019
Source: GSA evolution from LTE to 5G report, April 2017 update

21
Global 5G Trial Activities
5G Open Trial Specification Alliance
Network Operators 2018, South Korea (SKT/KT): OEMs
(pre)commercial operation
ı Verizon for Winter Olympics [Feb. 9-25 2018] ı Ericsson
ı SK Telecom ı Huawei
ı Korea Telecom ı Nokia
ı NTT DoCoMo ı Cicso
ı AT&T ı Intel
ı TIM ı Qualcomm
ı TeliaSonera ı Samsung
ı Optus ı ZTE
ı China Mobile ı NEC
ı Vodafone 2017, US (Verizon): ı Fujitsu
ı Dt. Telekom commercial operation ı …
ı Orange for fixed wireless access 2020, Japan (NTT DoCoMo):
ı Telefonica commercial operation
for Summer Olympics [24.07.2020]
ı …

22
5G Trials Sub-6GHz cmWave: 10-20 GHz mmWave: 30-90 GHz
Sub 6GHz spectrum
Coverage High Capacity
Mobility Massive Throughput
Reliability Ultra-Dense Networks

0 GHz 1 GHz 2 GHz 3 GHz 4 GHz 5 GHz 6 GHz

Country Operator Frequency (GHz) Total Spectrum (MHz) OEMs Involved
USA AT&T 3.4-3.6 200 Ericsson, Intel
USA AT&T 3.7-4.2 500 Ericsson, Intel
Japan NTT Docomo 4.6 Fujitsu
Japan NTT Docomo 3 to 6 NEC
Norway TeliaSonera 0.8, 1.8, 2.1, 2.6 159.6 Ericsson
China China Mobile 2.6 100 Huawei, ZTE, Qualcomm
Australia Optus Mobile 0.7, 0.9, 1.8, 2.1, 2.5 100 Huawei
IWPC Workshop 2016 Korea & Mobile Experts 5G Broadband Forecast: July 2016

23
5G Trials Sub-6GHz cmWave: 10-20 GHz mmWave: 30-90 GHz
cm- / mm-wave spectrum

15 GHz 20 GHz 25 GHz 30 GHz 35 GHz 40 GHz 70 GHz

Country Operator Frequency (GHz) Spectrum Used (MHz) OEMs Involved

Ericsson, Intel, Nokia, Samsung,

USA Verizon 28 425
Alcatel-Lucent, Cisco, Qualcomm
USA T-Mobile 28, 39 200, 200 Ericsson, Nokia
USA AT&T 15, 28 850, 200 Ericsson, Intel
Japan NTT Docomo 11, 15 400, 900 Huawei & Ericsson
Japan NTT Docomo 28, 70 1000 Samsung & Nokia
Korea SK Telecom 15, 28 400 Nokia & Samsung
China China Mobile 10 to 12, 15 2570, 1050 ZTE Corporation
IWPC Workshop 2016 Korea & Mobile Experts 5G Broadband Forecast: July 2016

24
 eMBB
5G Trials and Network Deployments Focus of 5G trials and early
network deployments is on
Use Cases enhanced Mobile Broadband

Fixed Wireless Access (FWA) Mobile Networks

pre-5G SA pre-5G SA 5G NR
NSA

25
 5G Trials and Network Deployments
Timeline Today
2016 2017 2018 2019 2020

LTE Advanced Pro 5G NR Phase 1 5G NR Phase 2 5G NR Evolution

Release 13 … 14 Release 15 Release 16 Release 17

5G NR Phase 1
Technology Spec Field Network Specification approved
Trials published Trials Launch

5G Network (pre-3GPP, FWA)

Technology Field Network
Trials Trials Launch
Samsung
KT, SKT
5G Network (pre-3GPP, SA)
Technology Field Trials Field Trials Network
Trials (pre-3GPP) (3GPP 5G NR) Launch
Japanese
Operators 3GPP compliant 5G NR Network (NSA, LTE interworking)

26
LTE and Verizon pre5G PHY comparison (I)
Subframe Length
LTE divided by 5
PHY parameter LTE (Rel.8-14) Verizon pre5G Subcarrier Spacing
5 times LTE
Downlink (DL) OFDM OFDM
Uplink (UL) DFT-s-OFDM OFDM
Subframe Length 1ms 0.2ms
Subcarrier Spacing 15 kHz 75 kHz
Sampling Rate 30.72 MHz 153.6 MHz
Bandwidth 20 MHz 100 MHz Sampling Rate
5 times LTE
NFFT 2048 2048
OFDM symbol duration, no CP 66.67 us 13.33 us
Bandwidth
Frame Length 10 ms 10 ms 5 times LTE

#Subframes (#slots) 10 (20) 50 (100)

CP Type Normal & Extended Normal Only
Symbol Duration:
Multiplexing FDD / TDD Dynamic TDD LTE divided by 5

Max RBs 6,15,25,50,75,100 100

DL/UL Data coding Turbo Code LDPC code

27
 LTE and Verizon pre5G PHY comparison (II)
ı LTE Rel.10-12: 5 carriers up to 20 MHz each ı VzW Pre5G:
ı LTE Rel.13: 32 carriers up to 20 MHz each Aggregation of up to 8 carriers 100 MHz each

Carrier
#5(32)

e.g. 18 MHz

28
 LTE and Verizon pre5G PHY comparison (III)

l TD-LTE: fixed UL/DL configuration l VzW Pre5G [TDD]:

one out of seven different configurations(0…6) Dynamic switch on a subframe basis
between four fixed configurations (a, b, c, d)
Uplink- Downlink-to-Uplink Subframe number
downlink Switch-point
configuration periodicity 0 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9

0 5 ms D S U U U D S U U U

1 5 ms D S U U D D S U U D

2 5 ms D S U D D D S U D D

3 10 ms D S U U U D D D D D

4 10 ms D S U U D D D D D D

5 10ms D S U D D D D D D D

6 5 ms D S U U U D S U U D

3GPP TS36.211 Table 4.2-2

29
Fixed Wireless: V5GTF@28 & 39 GHz R&S®FSW Signal & Spectrum Analyzer

R&S®SMW200A Vector Signal Generator

• Generate Downlink at 28 & 39 GHz • Analyze Uplink at 28 & 39 GHz

• Used as REF for DL signal • Used as REF for UL signal

» Up to 40 GHz with up to 2 GHz

modulation bandwidth » Up to 43.5 GHz with 1200 MHz
» Automatic correction of frequency CPE internal bandwidth
response independent of » EVM < 1% across 10 dB sweep at
frequency, power level, and 28 GHz
bandwidth

30
Some 5G NR physical layer parameter considerations
ı Frequency bands considered
 3.4 - 3.8 GHz with up to 100MHz carrier bandwidth
 26 - 28 GHz with up to 400MHz carrier bandwidth
 (24 - 52,6GHz with up to 1GHz carrier bandwidth considered)

ı Carrier aggregation up to 16 carriers

ı Modulation up to 256QAM (1024QAM FFS) for DL data

ı MIMO/Beamforming
 For 1 to 4 layer transmission: 1 codeword
 For 5 to 8 layer transmission: 2 codewords

ı Frame length
 10ms with
 7 or 14 subframes sub 6GHz
 14 subframes in mmWave

31
Duplex Mode - Flexibility is Key!
NR supports paired and unpaired spectrum (TR38.802)
TDD FDD
• TDD operation on an unpaired spectrum • FDD operation on a paired
• Transmission direction of time resources is spectrum with different
not dynamically changed transmission directions in either
• Transmission direction of most time part of a paired spectrum
resources can be dynamically changing
• Data DL/UL transmission directions can be
dynamically assigned on a per-slot basis

Subcarrier Spacing: 15kHz ∙ 2n (at least from 15kHz to 480kHz)

Frame length 10ms, 12 SC per PRB
LDPC and Polar coding (for eMBB)…

32
5G NR scalable OFDM numerology
ı OFDM subcarrier spacing to scale with channel bandwidth
 Otherwise FFT size and processing complexity increases exponentially for wider bandwidths

33
 5G New Radio numerology: 3GPP 5G vs. pre5G (I)
PHY parameter LTE (Rel.8-14) Verizon
pre5G
Downlink (DL) OFDM OFDM
Uplink (UL) DFT-s-OFDM OFDM
m= -2 0 1 2 3 4 5 … (SC-FDMA)
Subframe Length 1ms 0.2ms
Subcarrier Spacing Subcarrier Spacing 15 kHz 75 kHz
3.75 15 30 60 120 240 480 …No
[kHz] 75 kHz Sampling Rate 30.72 MHz 153.6
MHz
266. 66. 33. 16. 8. 4. 2.
Symbol Length [μs] … Bandwidth 20 MHz 100 MHz
67 67 33 67 333 17 08 NFFT 2048 2048
Component Carrier 20 MHz per CC <6 GHz | 80+ MHz per CC <70 GHz | 640 OFDM symbol 66.67 us 13.33 us
duration, no CP
BW [MHz] MHz ≥70GHz
Frame Length 10 ms 10 ms
Cyclic Prefix Length #Subframes 10 (20) 50 (100)
FFS (#slots)
[μs]
CP Type Normal & Normal
Subframe Length [ms] 0. 0. 0. 0.0 0.0 Extended Only
4 1
(= 1/2m) 5 25 125 625 3125 Multiplexing FDD / TDD Dynamic
TDD
Radio Frame Length Max RBs 6,15,25,50,75,1 100
FFS
[ms] 00
DL/UL Data coding Turbo Code LDPC
code

31
 Feature comparison 3GPP 5G vs. pre5G (II)
Pre-5G
3GPP 5G + vision

Ressource grid:
Ressource grid:
Scalable
TT I

Blank subcarriers

D2D

MBB Multicast

time scaling = flexible + various content source Qualcomm

Flexible framework: scalable TTI and subcarrier spacing + fixed allocated constant ressource grid: Δf = 75kHz, #SC per RB = 12
ressources, service oriented #OFDM symbols per slot = 7

33
Feature comparison 3GPP 5G vs. pre5G (III)
3GPP 5G + vision Pre-5G

Beamforming Beamforming

Same as Pre-5G but enhancements possible: beam tracking, beam Concept based on beamforming. static beams, closed
recovery, beam steering etc. loop reporting, beam switching

34
Outline

Introduction Standardization Physical Layer Trials eMBB

What is 5G ? Timeline Testing Verizon Datarate
Considerations SKT Use cases
KT
NTT DOCOMO
Etc.

37
5G performance requirements for IMT-2020

ı User plane latency: 4 ms for eMBB

1 ms for URLLC

ı Connection density: 1 000 000 devices per km²

Data rate Downlink Uplink

User experienced 100Mbps 50Mbps
data rate
Peak 20Gbps 10Gbps
data rate
Peak 30bps/Hz 15bps/Hz
spectral efficiency
Source: https://www.itu.int/md/R15-SG05-C-0040/en

38
Mobile Broadband Trend
Datarate Forecast

You are here…

DL bps
UL bps

1990 1995 2000 2005 2010 2015 2020 2025 2030

39
5G enhanced Mobile Broadband - eMBB

40
5G use cases for eMBB

Sneak preview of KT's 5G Olympics in Pyeong Chang

http://www.netmanias.com/en/?m=view&id=blog&no=11908

41
Summary
Is 5G just the next mobile network? No: It is a paradigm shift!

ı Approach in industry:
 3G (3GPP: UTRA): 1: define a technology for data transmission, 2: “what is the killer app?”
 4G (3GPP: E-UTRA): define a better technology than 3G based on use case (mobile data)
 5G (3GPP: NR): 1: define use cases, 2: requirements, 3: elaborate technologies / solutions

ı From cell-centric (2G - 4G) to user-centric / application-centric in 5G

ı From link efficiency (2G - 4G) to system efficiency in 5G (RAT defined per app)
ı From antenna connectors (2G - 4G) to Over-the-Air testing in 5G (antenna arrays, beamforming)
ı Increasing demand for security / high reliability in 5G (up to mission- and safety-critical use cases)

Rohde & Schwarz is committed to supporting the industry with the T&M solutions
needed to investigate, standardize, develop and implement 5G products

42
Thank you for your attention !