guliko mWedliZe

qvaTaxevis monastris istoriidan

XIX saukunis qarTuli istoriuli masalebis mixedviT

qvaTaxevis samonastro kompleqsi agebulia XII-XIII saukuneTa mijnaze

da Tamaris epoqas ganekuTvneba. Sida qarTlSi, mdinare kavTuras
xeobaSi mdebare qvaTaxevis monasteri samarTlianad iTvleba qarTuli
xuroTmoZRvrebis erT-erT SesaniSnav da ulamazes Zeglad.
qvaTaxevis monastris Sesaxeb arsebuli naratiuli da epigrafikuli
masalebi mcirericxovania. araferi viciT rodis da vis mier iqna
agebuli es mSvenieri taZari. saamSeneblo warwera SemorCenili ar aris.
Zeglis daTariRebis safuZveli misi arqiteqturuli analizia. rac Se-
exeba qvaTaxevis monastris istorias, mis Sesaxeb msjeloba ZiriTadad
qarTuli istoriuli dokumentebis meSveobiT gvixdeba.
qvaTaxevis samonastro kompleqsi Tamaris epoqaSi, 1184-1210 wlebSi
unda aegoT. laSa-giorgis mefobisas qvaTaxevi ukve moqmedi monasteria.
qvaTaxevi sakmaod mdidari da Zlieri monasteria XV-XVI saukuneebSic.
XVIII saukuneSi yizilbaSobam da osmalobam, lekTa gauTavebelma TareSma
da Sinafeodalurma omebma monastris Zveli Zliereba dasca. am periodSi
monasteri cixe-simagred aris qceuli. XVIII saukunis erTi dokumentis
Tanaxmad, qvaTaxevis monastris winamZRvari, arqimandriti aTanase
TarxniSvili `ebrZola Zlierad lekTa jars~. am periodSi monasters
Zalian gauWirda, gaxSirda Semwirvelis mier Sewiruli mamulebis ukan
gamowirva. monastris winamZRvrebi sasamarTlos meSveobiT cdiloben
dakarguli yma-mamulis dabrunebas. XVIII saukunis qvaTaxevis monastris
Sesaxeb arsebuli dokumentebis didi nawili swored amitom saCivris
wignebs warmoadgens. msgavsi viTarebaa XIX saukuneSic.
XVIII saukunis miwurulis erT saintereso istoriul dokumentidan
Cans, rom qvaTaxevi samefo monasteria da samefo xelisufleba zru-
navs masze. es aris 1797 wlis 4 Tebervals erekle mefis mier gacemuli

336
 qvaTaxevis monastris istoriidan

brZaneba nafareulSi mcxovrebi qvaTaxevis ymebisadmi1. sainteresoa is

faqti, rom 1600 wlis axlo xanebSi, rodesac osmalebma qveyana daipyres,
sofel qvaTaxevidan, rogorc Cans, qvaTaxevis monastris ymebi, sul 214
suli nafareuls, kavTisxevs, kurdRelaurs, Tbiliss, bebnissa da ruisSi
gadaasaxles.2 rogorc irkveva, sxvadasxva adgilebSi gadasaxlebulebs
qvaTaxevis monastris samsaxuri kvlavindeburad evalebodaT, rogorc
qvaTaxevis monastris ymebs. ase rom, nafareulSi qvaTaxevis monastris
ymebs TiTqmis ori saukune ucxovriaT da Zveleburad evalebodaT monas-
tris samsaxuri. erekle mefe maT isev qvaTaxevis monastris samsaxurs ak-
isrebda. qvaTaxevi samefo monasters rom ar yofiliyo mefes ar eqnebo-
da ufleba maTTvis monastris samsaxuri ebrZanebina, winaaRmdeg SemTx-
vevaSi gankargulebas kaTalikos-patriarqi an monastris patroni is Ta-
vadi gascemda, romlis mflobelobaSic iqneboda aRniSnuli monasteri.
am dokumentiT da kidev sxva sabuTebiTac aSkarad Cans, rom qvaTaxevi
kvlavindeburad samefo monasteria.3 aRsaniSnavia is faqtic, rom erekle
mefis dakrZalvis ceremonialze qvaTaxevis arqimandriti SuamTis arqi-
mandritis win, kaTalikosis marjvniv da mitropolitis gverdiT idga,
rogorc RirsebiT da pativiT mRvdelmTavrebSi gamorCeuli4.
XIX saukunis dasawyisidan qvaTaxevSi samonastro cxovreba Seicvala.
igi samefo monasteri aRar aris. 1801 wels ruseTma daipyro qarTl-kaxe-
Tis samefo da qarTuli saxelmwifoebriobis moSlis mizniT intensiurad
Seudga rusuli koloniuri politikis gatarebas. ruseTis mier saekle-
sio mmarTvelobaSi gatarebuli cvlilebebi rusifikatoruli koloniu-
ri politikis nawili iyo. maT qarTuli eklesia-monastrebi Seaviwroves
da bevric daxures, saeklesio qoneba aRweres, xolo misi didi nawili
miiTvises. qarTul eklesia-monastrebs, erovnuli kulturis am kerebs,
didi safrTxe daemuqraT. qvaTaxevi XIX saukunis dasawyisSi sakmaod mdi-
dar samonastro korporacias warmoadgenda, bevr yma-mamuls flobda da
rusebma Tavidanve ver SesZles misi daxurva. es iyo didi tradiciebis
monasteri da erT-erTi mniSvnelovani saganmanaTleblo da samwignobro
centri, sadac araerTi cnobili qarTuli swavluli da mwignobari moR-
vaweobda. sayovelTaod iyo cnobili qvaTaxevis biblioTeka da monas-
terSi arsebuli kaligrafiuli skola.

1
xec, Ad-3008.
2
Д. Бакрадзе, Кавказ В древних памятниках христианства, Тбилиси, 1875, с. 71-78.
3
g. mWedliZe, qarTuli istoriuli dokumentebi qvaTaxevis monastris Sesa­
xeb, mravalTavi, XXI, 2005, gv. 356-363.
4
xec, S-105.

337
guliko mWedliZe

axla ki gavecnoT XIX saukunis istoriul dokumentebs qvaTaxevis

monastris Sesaxeb.
sainteresoa 1801 wlis 24 apriliT daTariRebuli erTi istoriuli
dokumenti, romelic warmoadgens qvaTaxevis monastris ymad TavSewir-
vis wigns5. svimon xoluaSvili, romelic Tavisufali glexi iyo, sakuTari
nebiT gaxda qvaTaxevis monastris yma. sazogadod, saeklesio glexebis
(maTSi Sedioda samonastro glexebic) kategoriaSi yofna ufro presti-
Juli iyo, vidre sabatono da saxelmwifo glexTa kategoriaSi, radgan
maT marto eklesia-monastrebis samsaxuri evalebodaT da faqtobrivad
ganTavisuflebulni iyvnen saxelmwifo gadasaxadebisagan. Cvenamde moaR-
wia svimon xoluaSvilis kidev erTma sabuTma. es aris 1807 wels svimon
xoluaSvilis mier dawerili pirobis wigni qvaTaxevis monastris arqiman-
drit dosiTeosisadmi valis vadaSi gadaxdis Sesaxeb6. svimon xoluaSvils
vali auRia qvaTaxevis monastris arqimandrit dosiTeosisgan, romelsac
pirobas aZlevs, rom aucileblad gadaixdis vals vadis gasvlisTanave.
dosiTeos ficxelauri arqimandrit aTanase TarxniSvilis Semdeg
gaxda qvaTaxevis monastris winamZRvari. igi Tavisi droisaTvis sakmaod
cnobili mwignobari da gadamweri iyo. dosiTeos ficxelauris (1774-1830)
saero saxeli iyo dimitri. mamamisi arjevani qsnis erisTavis aznauri
iyo, romelic 1794 w. gardaicvala, dedamisi – marine maRalaSvili.
dimitri 1791 wels aRikveca berad da iwoda dosiTeosad. 1801 wels
igi dainiSna qvaTaxevis monastris arqimandritad, sadac friad nayofier
moRvaweobas eweoda. arqimandritma dosiTeosma aRadgina lekTagan dar-
beuli da ganadgurebuli qvaTaxevis monasteri, aaRorZina iq saganmana-
Tleblo muSaoba. qvaTaxevi isev kulturisa da ganaTlebis kerad iqca.
arqimandrit dosiTeos ficxelaurs uTargmnia rusulidan `svinaqsari
oTxSabaTsa ganzogebisasa~, xolo rusulad `i. gedevaniSvilis anderZi~.
i. bagrationis daxasiaTebiT igi iyo: `werilTa Sina gamocdili da ubno-
baTa Sina ritori~7.
1810 wels ruseTis saimperatoro karma gaauqma qarTuli eklesiis
avtokefalia da kaTalikos-patriarqi anton II ruseTSi gaiwvia. arqiman-
driti dosiTeos ficxelauri Tan gayva anton kaTalikoss peterburgSi.
Semdeg kaTalikosi sacxovreblad gadaiyvanes niJni-novgorodSi, xolo
dosiTeos ficxelauri peterburgSi datoves qarTuli enis maswavle-
blad da dauniSnes 2000 maneTi pensia. male pirvel egzarxosad daniSnes

5
xec, GAd-201.
6
xec, Ad-205.
7
l. menabde, Zveli qarTuli mwerlobis kerebi, t. I, nak. I, gv. 240.

338
 qvaTaxevis monastris istoriidan

varlam qsnis erisTavi, romelsac Tan gamohyva arqimandriti dosiTeos

ficxelauri. male igi daniSnes goris qorepiskoposad da daavales
saeklesio mmarTvelobis axali wesebis SemuSaveba.
1814 wels daarsda qarTl-kaxeT-imereTis sinodaluri kantora, rom-
lis wevric iyo dosiTeos ficxelauri. amave dros igi dainiSna oseTis
marTlmadideblobis aRmdgeneli komisiis xelmZRvanelad. dosiTeosma
aTasobiT osi moaqcia qristes rjulze. misi aqtiuroba SeumCneveli ar
darCa ruseTis saimperatoro karze, sadac CaTvales, rom qarTvelebs
oseTis (vladikavkazis mxare, dRevandeli Crdilo oseTi) saqarTvelos
saxelmwifo SemadgenlobaSi Semoyvana surdaT da qarTveli misionerebi
rusebiT Secvales. xolo dosiTeosi ruseTSi, moskovSi gaiwvies. marTa-
lia, ruseTis saimperatoro karma dosiTeos ficxelauri daajildova
Zvirfasi panageiT, 1000 maneTi (qaRaldis fuli) da 500 maneTi vercxliT,
magram mas samSobloSi dabrunebis neba ar misces. dosiTeosi gardaicva-
la 1730 wels, dasaflavebulia wminda darias monasterSi8.
Cvenamde moRweulia dosiTeos ficxelauris mier gacemuli ramdenime
istoriuli sabuTi, romelic man gasca qvaTaxevis monastris arqimandri-
tobis dros. magaliTad, 1809 wlis 21 agvistos arqimandritma dosiTeosma
mamuli uwyaloba giorgi da daviT kotetiSvilebs9. saintereso cnobebs
Seicavs 1810 wlis sabuTi, romelSic kaTalikosi antoni CamoTvlis Tu
ra wvlili dasdo dosiTeos ficxelaurma lekTagan aoxrebuli qvaTax-
evis monasters10, Tu rogor aRadgina da ganaaxla qvaTaxevis samonas-
tro kompleqsi da ra didi muSaoba gaswia, raTa qvaTaxevSi aRorZinebu-
liyo samonastro cxovreba da literaturuli saqmianoba. arqimandriti
dosiTeos ficxelauri, rogorc ukve iTqva, Tan gahyva ruseTSi 1810
wels anton II kaTalikoss.
rusebma saqarTvelos eklesiis avtokefaliis mospobisTanave qvaTax-
evSi daiwyes saeklesio da samonastro qonebis aRwera. 1815 wels sinoda-
luri kantoris wevri aTanase dainiSna qvaTaxevisa da SiomRvimis monas-
trebis mmarTvelad da daevala samonastro qonebis aRwera11.
1815 wlis brZanebiT, qvaTaxevis axlad daniSnuli winamZRvars, aTanas-
es fuli gamouyves12. sul male, 1817 wels aTanases qvaTaxevis monasteri

8
m. berZniSvili, masalebi XIX saukunis I naxevris qarTuli sazogadoebis is-
toriisaTvis, Tbilisi, 1980, gv. 217-220.
9
xec, Ad-1541.
10
xec, Ad-2572.
11
scssa, f. 488-29.
12
scssa, f. 489-61875.

339
guliko mWedliZe

CamoarTves da mis winamZRvrad daamtkices antoni13, romelic male gar-

daicvala. 1818 wels winamZRvrad isev aTanase aRadgines, magram isev
male gaaTavisufles da qvaTaxevis arqimandritad daniSnes naTlismcem-
lis arqimandriti iriniosi14. XIX saukunis damdegs qvaTxevis monasterSi
moRvawe qarTvel swavlulTagan gamoirCeoda cnobili mwignobari ioane
xelaSvili.
1820 wels rusebma qvaTaxevis monasteri daxures da monastris in-
ventari TbilisSi, axlad daarsebuli naTlismcemlis monasterSi gadai-
tanes. manamde, 1817 wels maT TbilisSi mcxovreb saeklesio ymaTa sia
Seadgines, romlis 11-12-e furclebze Camowerilia qvaTaxevis monastris
ymebis nusxa15. qvaTaxevi umoqmedo da mitovebuli monasteri gaxda. samo-
nastro cxovreba am mZlavr kulturul-saganmanaTleblo keraSi Cakvda.
sabednierod, es iyo droebiT. 1845-1855 wlebSi giorgi XII-is asulis
sofios Svilma, ivane luarsabis Ze Tarxan-mouravma, Tavisi safasiT
ganaaxla da SeakeTa qvaTaxevis samonastro kompleqsi ise, rom taZars
SeunarCunes Tavdapirveli proporciebi da zomebi. qvaTaxevis monas-
terSi isev aRorZinda cxovreba da misi arqimandriti gaxda cnobili
mwignobari, kaligrafi da sasuliero moRvawe tarasi aleqsi-mesxiSvili
(1793-1874). misi mama solomoni – anCisxatis dekanozi, kaligrafi da
mwignobari iyo. tarasi 15 wlisa aRikveca berad. 1817 wels igi ruseTSi
gayva saqarTvelos pirvel egzarxoss varlams, romelic ukan gaiwvies
rusebma. 1826-1830 wlebSi iyo Teimuraz batoniSvilis karis eklesiis
moZRvari. 1820 wels tarasi aTonze qarTuli bibliis gadmosawerad unda
gamgzavrebuliyo, magram TurqeTSi momxdari areulobis gamo, es misia
ver ganxorcielda. 1830 wels igi TbilisSi dabrunda. tarasi 1832 wlis
SeTqmulebaSi monawileobis sababiT daapatimres. igi CaTvales im kat-
egoriis damnaSaved, romelmac icoda SeTqmulebis mzadebis ambavi, ma-
gram ar monawileobda SeTqmulebaSi, amitom datoves samSobloSi mkacri
meTvalyureobis qveS. tarasi 1854 wlidan qvaTaxevis monastris arqiman-
dritia. man bevri iRvawa qvaTaxevis monastris keTilmowyobisaTvis da
isev aaRorZina es didi samwignobro kera, ganaaxla monastris Sinagani
morTuloba, aago axali senakebi berebisaTvis, sasamarTlos meSveobiT
daubruna qvaTaxevis monasters dakarguli yma-mamuli. misi msgavsi en-
ergiuli da aqtiuri winamZRvari monasters ar hyolia.

13
scssa, f. 489-726.
14
scssa, f. 489-1122.
15
scssa, f. 488-127.

340
 qvaTaxevis monastris istoriidan

qvaTaxevis RvTismSoblis saxelobis eklesiaSi Crdilo kedelTan

aris aseTi warwera16:
moixsene, ufalo, mona Seni, arqimandriti tarasi, aman da­
ucxromelman mSromelman maRliTa monazonobiTa, moRvaweo-
biTa, mkacriTa zneobiTa da krZalulebiTa ganvlo monazno-
basa Sina 66 weli, ganisvena 1874 wels, maisis 2-s SobaTagan 81
wlisa. didmSvenieri ganaxleba qvaTaxevis monastrisa, Sinagani
morTuloba misi da simravle garSemo misisa axalTa SenobaTa,
ars nayofi tarasis winamZRvrobasa mis monastersa Sina.
mis saflavs amkobs Semdegi Sinaarsis epitafia:
lodi ese faravs mtversa arximandritis tarasisa, romeli gar-
daicvala Cyods wels, maisis b-sa, dResa, mqone SobiTagan pa (81)
wlisa.
l. menabde qvaTaxevis arqimandritis tarasi aleqsi-mesxiSvilis Ses-
axeb werda: `tarasi friad nayofieri Semoqmedi yofila. mas dauweria
originaluri Sromebi, uTargmnia araerTi Txzuleba, gadauweria mravali
Zegli.~
t. mesxiSvilma Targmna: `wesi TanamdebobaTaTvis samrevloTa
mRudelTasa~, efrem asuris `werilni sulier-yofaqceviTni~, saxarebidan
`netarebaTa~ ganmarteba, axali aRTqmis geografiuli leqsikoni, vrceli
katexizmo, ioane oqropiris `sityua mRudelobisaTvis~ da sxva17.
arqimandriti tarasi, aramarto Targmnida, aramed werda kidec orig-
inalur Sromebs. magaliTad, 1864 wels gamoaqveyna `mokle aRwera saqa-
rTvelos monasterTa~ da originaluri Txzuleba `quHynieri samoTxe~.
1825 wels man dabeWda: `qarTuli anbani saswavleblad yrmaTa~. amave
dros nayofierad muSaobda qarTuli xelnawerebis gamravlebaze.
unda iTqvas, rom arqimandriti tarasi, aramarto kargi swavluli
da sasuliero moRvawe, aramed kargi organizatori iyo. man izruna ga-
naxlebul qvaTaxevis monasterSi 1855 wels biblioTekis (wignTsacavis)
Seqmnaze.
qvaTaxevis monastris biblioTekisaTvis arqimandrit tarasisaTvis
wignebi gaugzavnia ioane Tarxan-mouravs, nawili Tavisi wignebi miumate-
bia, zogic Sewiruli yofila monastrisTvis, zogic iq gadawerili. man es
wignebi (sul 189 wigni) TaxCebze daalagebina, mcvelad ki miuCina iero-

16
m. berZeniSvili, masalebi XIX saukunis I naxevris qarTuli sazogadoebrio-
bis istoriisaTvis, Tbilisi, 1980, gv. 119-121.
17
l. menabde, Zveli qarTuli mwerlobis kerebi, tomi I, nakveTi I, Tbilisi,
1962, gv. 240.

341
guliko mWedliZe

monaxi gaiozi, romelic ganagebda am wignTsacavs. xelnawerTa erovnul

centrSi inaxeba xelnaweri Q-1438, saTauriT – `quaTaxevis monastris
biblioTeka.~ masSi CamoTvlilia is wignebi, romlebic inaxeboda am
wignsacavSi. nusxas aqvs tarasi arqimandritis minaweri Tavfurcelze:
`aqa aRwerilni werilSi romelnime Cemi sakuTarni, siyrmiTgan mogebu-
li, romelnime Cemi samSoblos saxlisagan gamotanilni, romelnime Cemi
xorcielis ZmaTagan mosxmulni da sxuanica. Tavad ioane Tarxanovisagan
Cemda warmogzavnili peterburgidam, davxsna aqa, Cemsa naRvawsa wignsa
sacavsa Sina saxmarad eklesiisa da sakiTxavad aq mkvidrTa monazonTa da
ZmaTaTvis, romelTaca enebos warkiTxva, romelsame werilsa mosTxovdes
igi mcvelsa amas bibliotikisasa, miiRebdes senaksa Sina Tvisisas, ix-
marebdes sifrTxiliTa da ganuryvnelad da Semdgomad warkiTxvisa,
ikiTxvides yuradRebiT da gulisxmiTa vinmem ikadros am monastrisagan
erTi gatana romelsame wignisa, soflad Txoveba, anu Cuqeba visadme un-
eburad winamZRvrisa, sityvismgebeli iyos igi winaSe saSinelTa codvaTa
CemTa wil, vinaiTgan qarTvelTa Tvisebad sWirdeT, iTxovon da aRar mis-
cemen patrons, romelsa Sina gamocdil var me, visac vaTxove Cemi saku-
Tari wigni wasakiTxavad, SeiTvisa da aRar damibruna.~ 18
am biblioTekaSi tarasi arqimandritis kuTvnili yofila 74 wigni,
24 wigni eklesiis saxmarad yofila gaTvaliswinebuli, 7 wigni SeuwiravT
monastrisTvis, xolo ioane Tarxan-mouravs, romelmac isedac didi amagi
dasdo monasters (misi saxsrebiT ganaxlda monasterSi cxovreba), 84  wig-
ni Seumatebia. ase rom, qvaTaxevis biblioTekaSi sul 189 wigni yofila
Tavmoyrili. amdenad, xelnaweri Q-1438 saintereso cnobebs Seicavs XIX
saukunis qvaTaxevis monastris istoriisaTvis, aseve mniSvnelovania xel-
nawerTa erovnul centrSi daculi tarasi aleqsi-mesxiSvilis werilebi,19
sadac sul 67 werilia Tavmoyrili; maTgan ori rusul enaze dawerili,
danarCeni – qarTul enaze. am werilebidan Cans tarasi aleqsi-mesxiSvi-
lis adamianuri, Tbili buneba da gulisxmiereba moyvasisadmi. werilebi
1828 wlidan 1874 wlamde periods moicavs. igi werilebs ugzavnis ioane
TarxniSvils, iRumen filastes da sxvebs. werilebs asrulebs Semdegnai-
rad: `uRirsi Seni tarasi~, `Tqveni msaxuri,~ `Seni sakuTari oreste~ da
sxva.
sasuliero moRvaweobasTan erTad, arqimandriti tarasi energiulad
uZRveboda monastris sameurneo saqmianobas da ibrZoda monastris da-
karguli mamulebis dasabruneblad. tarasi arqimandritis dawerilma

18
xec, Q-1438.
19
xec, Q-2399.

342
 qvaTaxevis monastris istoriidan

araerTma istoriulma dokumentma moaRwia Cvenamde, sadac aRwerilia

misi saqmianoba monastris meurneobis gaZlierebis mizniT. magaliTad,
1856 wlis 13 oqtombers tarasi arqimandritma werili gaugzavna gior-
gi da sxva wiklaurebs saxnavad miwebis gakafvis Sesaxeb20. wiklaurebi
qvaTaxevis monastris ymebi iyvnen, romlebsac miwebis gakafvis gziT unda
gaezardaT qvaTaxevis monastris kuTvnili saxnavi miwebis fondi. giorgi
wiklauri monastris mosaqme kaci an monastris sameurneo saqmianobis
gamgebeli unda yofiliyo. 1862 wels tarasi arqimandritma aseve wer-
ili gaugzavna wiwala da giorgi wiklaurebs da daavala, gagilaSvilebi
sofel sakuTxvisSi ar SeeSvaT,21 xolo 1864 wels werili gaugzavna wi-
wala wiklaurs da daavala TavisTan daeyenebina Coxeli22.
XIX saukunis qvaTaxevis monastris sabuTebSi (romelTa didi nawili
gamouqveynebelia) xSirad gvxvdeba tarasi arqimandritis miwerilobebi,
xelwerilebi, Txovnebi `okrugis sudisadmi~ samamule davis Taobaze da
sxva. magaliTad, miweriloba tarasi arqimandritisa wiwala wiklauri-
sadmi aTi komli kacisaTvis sakurTxisa da maxtis Tanabrad ganawilebis
Sesaxeb,23 xelwerili fulis gacemis Sesaxeb, 1872 wels micemuli konstan-
tine iuroRli kaSmarovis mier qvaTaxevis monastris arqimandrit tara-
sisadmi.24 yvelaze adreuli sabuTi, sadac tarasi aleqsi-mesxiSvilis sax-
eli gvxvdeba, TariRdeba 1854 wlis 1 ianvriT. masSi tarasi ieromonaxad
iwodeba, 1855 wlidan igi ukve monastris arqimandritia. es aris piro-
bis wigni miwis sanaSenod gacemis Sesaxeb micemuli qvaTaxevis ieromonax
tarasis mier ivane xoxonaSvilisadmi.25 aseve aris Txovnebi gagzavnili
tarasi arqimandritis saxelze. magaliTad, Txovna botisis (sofeli Sida
qarTlSi) mcxovreblebisa qvaTaxevis arqimandritisadmi ijariT maTi
gaucemlobis Sesaxeb. rogorc Cans, qvaTaxevis monastris kuTvnil sof-
lebs da yma-mamiuls arqimandriti ijariT gascemda. am soflis mosaxle-
obis Txovna tarasi arqimandritma daakmayofila da aRar gasca ijariT.
tarasi arqimandriti aqtiurad monawileobda saukuneebis manZilze
mimdinare im samamule davaSi, romelic warmoebda qvaTaxevis monastersa
da maRalaZeebs Soris. samamule dava XV saukuneSi daiwyo, mas Semdeg,
rac qvaTaxevis monasters axali mezoblebi gamouCndnen maRalaZeebis
saxiT, romlebic gadaSenebul ivanisZeTa naoxar mamulebze dasaxldnen

20
xec, Ad-2147.
21
xec, Ad-2150.
22
xec, Ad-2178.
23
xec, Ad-2149.
24
xec, Ad-2170.
25
xec, Ad-2145.

343
guliko mWedliZe

da monastris kuTvnil mamulebzedac gaiwvdines xeli. maT dava hqon-

daT sasaflaoze, bostan-walkotze da senakebze. 1663 wels nawilobriv
maRalaZeebis sasargeblod es samamule dava gadawyvita ioseb Tbilel-
ma26. dava Semdgomac gagrZelda, 1871 wels tarasi winamZRvars `okru-
gis gamomZieblisaTvis~ warudgenia sia da mowmeTa Cvenebani maRalaanT
samamule davaze27. amas mohyva Txovna qvaTaxevis monastris winamZRvar
tarasisa `okrugis~ sudisadmi mixeil maRalaZesTan monastris davis Ses-
axeb28. Semdeg rogorc Cans, maRalaZeebma moaxerxes monastris dakaveba.
amis sapasuxod tarasi arqimandrits kidev erTi Txovna gaugzavnia `ok-
rugis sudisadmi~ maRalaZeebis mier usamarTlod dakavebuli monastris
gaTavisuflebis Taobaze29. rogorc Cans, es samamule dava qvaTaxevis
monastris gamarjvebiT damTavrda, radgan amis Semdgomac qvaTaxevi kv-
lav moqmedi monasteria da tarasi arqimandritis wyalobiT isev mniS-
vnelovan kulturis keras warmoadgens. 1863 wels tarasi arqimandritis
iniciativiT SeakeTes qvaTaxevis monasteri30.
ase rom, arqimandriti tarasi aleqsi-mesxiSvili Tavisi drois mniS-
vnelovan figuras warmoadgenda. man didi ganswavlulobiTa da aqti-
uri moRvaweobiT, marTlac, fasdaudebeli daxmareba gauwia qvaTaxevis
RmrTismSoblis monasters, romelic dResac moqmedia da araCveulebriv
STabeWdilebas axdens mnaxvelze CuqurTmebis motivebiTa da Sesrulebis
maRali teqnikiT. es taZari WeSmaritad Suasaukuneebis qarTuli xuroT-
moZRvrebis `gumbaTiani, SueniernaSeni~ Zeglia.

26
xec, Qd-8938.
27
xec, Ad-1871.
28
xec, Ad-2140.
29
xec, Ad-2139.
30
scssa, f. 488-70 49.

344
 Guliko Mchedlidze

ON THE HISTORY OF THE KVATAKHEVI MONASTERY

(19TH CENTURY GEORGIAN HISTORICAL DOCUMENTS AND
OTHER MATERIALS ON THE MONASTERY)

S U M M A RY

The Kvatakhevi monastic complex was built in Queen Tamar’s epoch, at the turn
of the 12th-13th centuries. It is situated in the Kavtura Valley, Shida (Inner) Kartli. The
principal church of this complex of the Holy Virgin is correctly considered one of the
most remarkable and brilliant monuments of Georgian architecture.
On the basis of historical documents, narrative evidence and epigraphic data, the
present author has ascertained that Kvatakhevi was from the beginning a royal mon-
astery.
In 1801 the Kingdom of Kartli-Kakheti was annexed by the Russian Empire, whose
policy of colonization affected Georgian churches and monasteries as well. In 1801-1810,
Dosiltheos Piskhelauri, a well-known calligrapher and man of letters of his time, was
archimandrite of the Kvatakhevi monastery. During his abbacy, monastic life revived and
the monastery turned into a powerful cultural and enlightenment seat.
In 1820 the Kvatakhevi monastery was closed down, but thanks to Ioane Tarkhan-
Mouravi, it was repaired and monastic life revived. The monastery was especially pres-
tigious under the well-known Georgian scholar and ecclesiastic, Archimandrite Taras
Aleksaishvili (1797-1874), who ruled the Monastery in 1854-1874. He built new build-
ings and facilities in the monastic complex, embellished the interior of the church, and
founded a library of the monastery. Historical documents show that he was actively and
energetically engaged in the economic life of the monastery, and sought to regain, in
legal form, the lost estates. Due to Archimandrite Taras, the Kvatakhevi monastery was a
significant cultural cenetre in Shida Kartli. It has been functioning to the present day.

345