wyaroTmcodneoba

elene cagareiSvili

stefanos orbelianis cnobebi

saqarTvelos Sesaxeb

XIII-XIV saukuneebis somexi istorikosis, politikuri da kulturuli

moRvawis stefanos orbelianis istoriografiuli memkvidreoba war-
moadgens mniSvnelovan pirvelwyaros rogorc somxeTis, aseve misi mo-
sazRvre qveynebis, gansakuTrebiT ki saqarTvelos istoriis Sesaswavlad.
`somex istorikosTa Soris stefanos orbeliani – werda iv. javaxiSvili
– araCveulebriv movlenas warmoadgens. is sxva danarCen istorikosTa-
gan, rogorc saistorio masalebis SerCeviT, iseve moTxrobis SinaarsiT
TvalsaCinod gansxvavdeba. arc erTs maTgans imis measedi cobebic ara
aqvs, rac stefanos orbelianma somxeTis Sinauri yofa-cxovrebisa da
wes-wyobilebis Sesaswavlad Seagrova Tavis TxzulebaSi. saqarTvelos
istoriaSi cnobil orbelTa sagvareulos im Stos erTi CamomavalTa-
gani, romelic giorgi III-isagan eqsoriaqmnis Semdgom somxeTSi Seixizna
da gasomxda, stefanos orbeliani, XIII s. damlevs sivnieTis episkoposad
yofnis dros Tavisi samwysosa da Temis istoriis aRweras Seudga.~1
XIII saukunis somexi istorikosebis grigol akanecis, vardan aRmosav-
lelisa da kirakoz ganZakecis TxzulebebTan erTad stefanos orbelianis
`sisakanis saxlis istoria~ ZiriTadi pirvelwyaroa monRolTa batonobis
periodis amierkavkasiis xalxTaA da, maT Soris, qarTvelTa istoriis Ses-
aswavlad. rogorc cnobilia, stefanos orbeliani TiTqmis erTaderTia
Zvel somex istorikosTa Soris, romelmac socialuri moZraobis faqtebi
SeniSna somxur feodalur samefo-samTavroebSi.
aqve unda aRvniSnoT, rom orbelTa Zlieri feodaluri saxlis Ses-
axeb, romelTanac dakavSirebulia XII-XIII saukuneebis saqarTvelos so-

iv. javaxiSvili, glexTa moZraobis istoriis erTi furceli Zvel somxeTSi,

1

tfilisi universitetis moambe, II, 1922, gv. 249.

274
 stefanos orbelianis cnobebi saqarTvelos Sesaxeb

cialur-politikuri istoriis mravali sayuradRebo faqti Tu movlena,

TiTqmis araferi gvecodineboda, rom ar Seqmniliyo stefanos orbelia-
nis `sisakanis saxlis istoria~.
stefanos orbelianma sakmaod didi roli iTamaSa Zveli somxeTis
erT-erTi uZlieresi mxaris – sivnieTis anu sisakanis politikur-eko-
nomikursa Tu saeklesio-kulturul cxovrebaSi. igi sivnieTis mit-
ropoliti iyo da, rogorc Tavisi droisaTvis uaRresad ganaTlebuli
da sakmaod ganswavluli moRvawe, kargad erkveoda ara marto Tavisi
qveynis, aramed maxlobeli aRmosavleTis xalxTa istoriaSic.
stefanos orbeliani iyo orbelTa feodaluri gvaris warmomadgene-
li, Ze tarsaiW orbelianisa da aruz xaTunisa. igi iSvila misma uSvilo
biZam (mamis Zmam) sumbatma, romelmac tarsaiWTan erTad saTanadod iz-
runa mis swavla-ganaTlebasa da momaval saqmianobaze. stefanos orbeli-
anis biografiis aRdgena xerxdeba rogorc misi `sisakanis saxlis isto-
riidan~, aseve taTevSi stefanosis mier grigol ganmanaTleblis saxelze
aSenebuli eklesiis warwerebidan.
avtobiografiuli cnobebi gansakuTrebiT Warbobs stefanos orbe-
lianis Txzulebis im nawilSi, romelSic istorikosis Tanadrouli xa-
naa aRwerili. `sisakanis saxlis istoriis~ 71-e Tavi mTlianad avtobio-
grafiuli xasiaTisaa.
rogorc xelTarsebuli masalebidan irkveva, tarsaiW da sumbat or-
belianebma Tavidanve gadawyvites stefanosi sasuliero moRvaweobisaT-
vis moemzadebinaT. stefanos orbelianis swavla-ganaTlebis saqmeSi didi
roli iTamaSes taTevis monastris vardapetebma. igi male daeufla maT
moZRvrebas da miiRo diakvnis wodeba (jer iyo medaviTne). tarsaiWi amiT
ar dakmayofilebula. mas surda stefanoss ufro maRali sasuliero wo-
debisaTvis mieRwia da 1280 wels, sruliad axalgazrda kidec akurTx-
es mRvdlad. Semdeg stefanosma swavla ganagrZo vaiocZoris gavarSi
daarsebul glaZoris universitetSi, nerses mSecisTan, romelmac igi
vardapetad akurTxa.
rogorc cnobili, glaZoris universitetma mecnierTa da politi-
kur moRvaweTa Taobebi arzarda, romelTa Soris erT-erTi yvelaze
saxelganTqmuli pirovneba stefanos orbeliani iyo. tarsaiW orbeli-
anma Tavisi vaJi 1286 w. (zogi mecnieris azriT, 1285 an 1287 wels) gaag-
zavna kilikiaSi somexTa kaTalikosTan mitropolitad xeldasasxmelad.
`sisakanis saxlis istoriis~, epigrafikuli masalebisa da xelnawerTa
minawerebis Seswavlis Sedegad irkveva, rom man ori Tve dahyo kilikiaSi,
1286 wlis 12 Tebervlidan 14 aprilamde. missave Txzulebidan naTelia,
rom tarsaiWis survili iyo misi vaJi mTeli sivnieTisa da misi mosaz-
Rvre mxareTa sasuliero gamgeblad, mitropolitad daeniSnaT, meTaurad

275
elene cagareiSvili

yvela somexi episkoposisa, rogorc aRniSnavs TviT stefanosi.2 1286 wlis

dasawyisSi stefanos orbeliani samRvdelo dasis TanxlebiT gaemgzavra
romkluSi kaTalikos iakob I klaecisTan (1268-1286), magram igi gardacv-
lili daxvda da stefanosi eaxla mefe levon III-s (1270-1289), adanaSi,
rogorc mefis stumari. igi axlos gaecno kilikiis somexTa samefos sa-
Sinao da sagareo viTarebas da sakmaod mdidari masala Seagrova Tavisi
naSromisaTvis `sisakanis saxlis istoria~.
kilikiaSi yofnisas stefanosma Tavisi niWiTA da codniT didi STabe-
Wdileba moaxdina mefeze, romelmac mas sakaTalikoso taxti SesTavaza,
magram man am winadadebaze uari ganacxada mizezis dausaxeleblad. kaTa-
likosad airCies konstantine II (1286-1289), meore dRes stefanosi sivni-
eTis eklesiis episkoposad daniSnes, maleve ki airCies mitropolitad
da somexTa patriarqis protofrontesi uwodes.3 stefanosi gazafxulze
Tavis qveyanaSi dabrunda. am droidan iwyeba misi moRvaweobis meore pe-
riodi (1286-1305). Tavisi nayofieri politikuri, diplomatiuri, sazoga-
doebrivi da saeklesio moRvaweobiT, didi energiis daxarjviT, tarsaiW
aTabagTan erTad, stefanos orbelianma moaxerxa opoziciurad ganwyo-
bili sivniel episkoposTa dawynareba.
stefanos orbelians gansakuTrebiT didi Rvawli miuZRvis xel-
nawerebisa da epigrafikuli warwerebis Segrovebisa da dacvis saqmeSi.
misi dakveTiT bevri somxuri xelnaweri gadaiwera. zogierTma maTganma
Cven dromdec moaRwia. erT-erTi aseTi xelnawerTagania 1300 wliT da-
TariRebuli saxareba, romelic gadawera ovanesma da gadaeca taTev-
is monasters. amave ovanesma 1302 wels stefanos orbelianis TxovniT
gadawera meore saxareba, romelic moxata mxatvarma momikma, aseve ste-
fanos orbelianis TxovniT, axTamarSi Toma arwrunis `arwrunTa saxlis
istoria~, romelic dRemde SemorCenil nusxaTa Soris uZvelesia. 1303
wels stafenosis dakveTiT esaia nCecim Seadgina `ezekielis winaswarm-
etyvelebaTa krebuli.~4 stefanosis davalebiTa da misi TanxebiT mohqon-
daT xelnawerebi sxvadasxva regionebidan.
rogorc cnobilia, garda `sisakanis saxlis istoriisa~, stefanos or-
belianis kalams ekuTvnis: `godeba wminda eklesiaze~, `bunebis Sesaxeb~,
`JamTaaRmwerloba~, `qalkedonis krebis mowvevis mizezebi,~ `protes-
tis sityva diofizitTa winaaRmdeg~. magram aqve unda aRvniSnoT, rom

2
Badmov;ivn nahancin, Sisagan araryal Sdydanosi )rpelyan arkybisgobosi
Sivnyax7 :ifis5 1910 Semdgom: stefanos orbeliani, sisakanis saxlis isto-
ria, Tiflisi, 1910, gv. 479-480 (somx. enaze), gv. 479- 480.
3
iqve, gv. 479, 493.
4
С. Тер-Аветисян, Каталог армянских рукописей Новой Джульфи, т. I, Вена, 1910.

276
 stefanos orbelianis cnobebi saqarTvelos Sesaxeb

stefanosis istoriul-literaturuli memkvidreobidan gansakuTrebiT

gamoirCeva `sisakanis saxlis istoria~.
avtoris mizani iyo daewera sisakanis anu sivnieTis istoria, rom-
lis bolo gamgeblebi orbelianebi, misi gvaris warmomadgenlebi iyvnen.
Txzulebis qronologiuri sazRvrebi uZvelesi periodidan 1304 wliT
SemoisazRvreba. `sisakanis saxlis istoria~ Taviseburadaa agebuli,
riTac sakmaod gansxvavdeba stefanosis winamorbed istorikosTa nawar-
moebebisagan. Sesaval nawilSi avtoris mier aRniSnulia wignis daweris
mizani da mniSvneloba. Semdeg istorikosi ixilavs sisakanis tomis war-
momavlobis sakiTxs da sivnieTis istoriis gadmocemamde mis geografi-
ul aRwerasac ar tovebs uyuradRebod. `sisakanis saxlis istoria~
ZiriTadad 71 TavSia gadmocemuli. 72-e TavSi sivnieTis episkoposTa Ada
somex kaTalikosTa siaa daculi uZvelesi periodidan mis dromde. 73-e
Tavs ewodeba `stefanosis matianes anderZ-mosaxsenebli~, saidanac vge-
bulobT, rom Txzuleba Seqmnilia noravanqis monasterSi 1299 wels ar-
Runis Zis yazan yaenis (1295-1304), qarTvelTa mefis daviT demetres Zisa
(1293-1311) da somexTa mefis heTum levonis Zis (1289-1307) gamgeblobis
dros. bolo, e. i. 74-e TavSi moTavsebulia sivnieTis Tormeti sanaxis
sia TavianTi mravalricxovani soflebisa da saeklesio gadasaxadebis
aRniSvniT. `sisakanis saxlis istoriaSi~ gansakuTrebuli yuradReba eT-
moba samonastro mSeneblobis, vardapetebis moRvaweobisa da samonastro
skolebis saqmianobis aRweras. TxzulebaSi ufro metad gamokveTilia
taTevisa da noravanqis monastrebis, maTi samflobeloebisa da gamge-
blobis istoria.
sisakanis sagvareulo stefanos orbelianisaTvis axlobeli iyo,
radganac orbelianebi uSualo memkvidreni iyvnen am cnobili sanaxara-
ro gvarisa da Tan mflobelni maTi qveynisa. sivnieTSi 1231 wlis Semdeg
sisakanis gvarma Sewyvita arseboba da misi adgili orbelianebma daika-
ves. swored amitom stefanos orbelianma saWirod miiCnia Tavisi uSualo
winaprebis – orbelianebis istoriis aRweramde sisakanis gvaris warmo-
Sobisa da misi istoriuli Tavgadasavlis gadmocema. Txzulebis erTi
yvelaze didi Tavi (66-e) eTmoba sakuTriv orbelTa istoriis aRweras,
romelic iq Tavmoyrili sayuradRebo cnobebis mniSvnelobis gamo cal-
ke Txzulebis saxiT damoukidebladac ki arsebula rogorc somxurad,
aseve qarTulad. `sisakanis saxlis istoriis~ 66-e TavSi stefanos or-
bliani rogorc werilobiT wyaroebze, ise zepir gadmocemebze dayrdno-
biT, dawvrilebiT mogviTxrobs orbelTa istorias qarTlsa da sivnieTSi
XIII saukunis dasasrulamde.
stefanos orbelianis TxzulebaSi adrindeli periodis istoria – da-
sabamidan IX saukunemde (33-e Tavamde) emyareba winamorbed istorkosTa

277
elene cagareiSvili

naSromebs (movses xorenaci, agaTangelosi, Razar farpeci, Revondi,

uxtanesi, ioane drasxanakerteci, mxiTar aneci, qarTlis cxovreba),
Tqmulebebs, xolo 33-e Tavidan ukve saarqivo masalebs iyenebs avtori.
stefanos orbelianma ara marto gamoiyena es saarqivo da epistolaruli
masalebi, aramed bevr SemTxvevaSi Tavis TxzulebaSi ucvleli saxiT Sei-
tana da amiT Semounaxa isini momaval Taobebs.
gansakuTrebiT sayuradReboa `sisakanis saxlis istoriis~ is nawili,
romelSic gadmocemulia stefanos orbelianis Tanadrouli xanis ambebi.
zog SemTxvevaSi igi TviT gvevlineba aRwerili faqtebis TviTmxilvelad
da monawiled. iziarebda ra movses xorenacis debulebas: WeSmariti is-
toria ar arsebobs qronologiis gareSe, stefanos orbeliani gansa-
kuTrebul yuradRebas uTmobda mniSvnelovani movlenebisa da faqtebis
qronologias.
rogorc ukve aRvniSneT, Tavisi Txzulebis 66-e TavSi stefanosi
dawvrilebiT mogviTxrobs orbelTa istorias qarTlsa da sivnieTSi
XIII  saukunis dasasrulamde. Tavisi gvaris etimologias istorikosi
ukavSirebs orbeTis cixe-simagres, romelic aaSena qarTlosma. stefanos
orbelianis mixedviT, Targamosis rva vaJTagan uxucesi iyo haosi, meore
– qarTlosi, mesame – bardosi, meoTxe – movakani, mexuTe – lekosi, me-
eqvse – herosi, meSvide – kavkasosi, merve – egrosi.
Targamosma Tavisi samkvidrebeli gauyo vaJebs: somxeTis qveyana
yvela sazRvriT misca haiks, CrdiloeTis qveyana ki qarTlossa da sxva
Zmebs. xolo qarTlosi wavida armazis mTaze, iq damkvidrda da aaSena
saxli da erTi auRebeli cixe Sesaferis adgilas da uwoda mas orbeTi.
da am qveyanas xunanidan speris zRvamde ewoda saxelad qarTli.~5
orbelTa uZvelesi Tavgadasavlis gadmocemisas stefanos orbelianma
moiSvelia legenda CineTidan qarTlSi orbelTa winaprebis Camosaxlebis
Sesaxeb; misi gadmocemiT:

am dros warmoiSva SfoTi da didi areuloba CineTis samefoSi ...

rodesac gardaicvala jambakur mefe, mefis Svilebma daiwyes erTmaneT-
Tan brZola. erTi mxare gaZlierda, meore ki gaiqca. es iyo kaci marjve
da lamazi, Zlieri da tanadi, igi Tavisi saxleuliT, samefo gundiT,
saganZuriT, haerSi moTamaSe cxenebiT gamoemarTa da gamovlo mravali
qveyana iseTi sazareli saxiT, rom win veravin ver aRudga. man gamoiara
dariali. isini uzesTaesis gangebiT movidnen qarTlis qveyanaSi mcxeTis
mamasaxlisTan da ixiles isini Sewuxebulni da sparsTagan didi safrTx-

stefanos orbeliani, sisakanis saxlis istoria, gv. 368-369.

5

278
 stefanos orbelianis cnobebi saqarTvelos Sesaxeb

iT SeRonebulni. maSin gamoelaparaknen mamasaxliss da ufros kacebs da

uTxres: `Cven CinelT mefisaganni varT, movwydiT Cven Zmebs, movediT
aq da movendveT Tqven magar qveyanas. Tqvenma RmerTebma Tqveni urvis
gamo dasaxmareblad mogviyvanes. aq Cveni survili aseTia: an davdgeT
sparsTa gamgeblobaSi, an wavideT berZenTa TviTmpyrobelTan. xolo
Tqven Tu saTnod miiCnevT, gagvimzadeT gansasveneblad adgili, davmkvi-
drdebiT aq, gixsniT maWirvebelTa xelTagan da Tu ki ara, wavalT Cveni
gziT, sadac RmerTi inebebs~. rodesac qveynis uxucesma mamasaxlisebma
ixiles aseTi mxne da Zlieri kacni da moismines maTi saTno sityvebi, di-
dad ganixares, moawyves Rreoba, maRali didebiTa da didi pativiT mi-
iRes isini da Zlier Seiyvares. auRebeli cixe-simagre orbeTi, romelic
qarTlosis xelTagan iyo aSenebuli, misces saxlad samkvidreblad da
magar adgilidan, uwyalobes samemkvidrod mravali sanaxi, didi dabebi
da cixe-simagreebi. maSin daTanxmdnen isini da damkvidrdnen orbeTSi da
cixis saxelis gamo SemdgomSi maT orbelianebi ewodaT, e. i. orbeTelni,
radganac Cveuleba aris gvarTaA da mTavarTa saxelis Serqmeva adgilis
mixedviT, rogorc mTiulTa – mTiulni, mraWvelTa – mraWvelni, hereTisa
– herisTavni, javaxeTisa – javaxni, kaxeTisa – kaxelni, lixTa – lixelni
da sxva mravalni, dRemde swored am mizeziT am gvars orbelebi ewoda,
romelTac Tavdapirvelad Ceneulni e. i. Cinelebi erqvaT. da vidre es
ase iyo, maT TviTon Semoikribes qarTvelTa saxli, Sekribes jari, Tavs
daesxnen yvela Semaviwroebels, amowyvites, gandevnes da win aRudgnen
sparselebs, damyarda am qveyanaSi mSvidoba, isini ki ganaweses mTeli qa-
rTlis sparapetebad da ZalTmTavrebad.6

aqve unda SevniSnoT, rom stefanosis cnobaTagan orbelebis Sesaxeb

umravlesoba mis Tanadroul xanas Seexeba, amitom ufro sarwmunocaa.
araTanadrouli periodis ambebis gadmocemisas ki istorikoss rogorc
qarTuli, aseve somxuri wyaroebi gamouyenebia.
stefanos orbelians miTiTebuli aqvs, rom qarTvelTa pirveli mefis
farnaozis gamefebisas orbelianebma ufro meti pativi miiRes misgan da
qarTvelTa qveyanaSi aravin iyo maTi msgavsi mefis garda.
somex mkvlevarTa umravlesoba (m. CamCiani, g. zaminiani, g. aliSani,
s. akofiani, g. miqaeliani, n. abeRiani, l. babaiani) saerTod arafers am-
bobs stefanos orbelianis cnobaze orbelTa gvaris etimologiis orbe-
Tis cixesTan dakavSirebis Sesaxeb, romelic qarTlosma aaSena. zogierTi
somexi mkvlevari marTalia asaxelebs am cnobas, magram damaxinjebuli

6
stefanos orbeliani, sisakanis saxlis istoria, gv. 369-372.

279
elene cagareiSvili

saxiT. magaliTad s. aleqsaniani aRniSnavs: `Происхождение имени своего рода

Степанос Орбелян связывает с крепостью Орбет, которую построили в Грузии
потомки Торгома.~ igi qarTlosis saxels, romelic qarTvelTa eTnarqad
aris wyaroebSi dasaxelebuli, saerTod ar axsenebs.
somxur saistorio mwerlobaSi (favstos buzandi, movses xorenaci,
sebeosi, stefanos orbeliani) daculi cnobebiT, mamikonianTa da or-
belinTa sagvareuloebi CinelTa tomis STamomavlad arian warmodgeni-
li. qarTuli wyaroebi ki arafers gvawvdian maTi warmomavlobis Sesaxeb.
zemoT dasaxelebuli oTxive wyaros legendiT ZiriTadad aRiarebulia
mamikonianTa da orbelTa Cinuri warmomavloba. maT Soris gansxvaveba
mxolod calkeul detalebSia. magaliTad favstos buzandi da stefa-
nos orbeliani amtkiceben TavianTi gmirebis mefur warmomavlobas. se-
beosi da movses xorenaci maT didgvarovan pirebad ki asaxeleben, ma-
gram arafers amboben mefur STamomavlobaze. favstos buzandis mixed-
viT mamikonianebi somxeTSi uZvelesi droidan Canan. stefanos orbelia-
nis Tanaxmad, orbelebi mefe farnavazamde (III s. Cv. w.-aR-mde) movidnen.
movses xorenaci da sebeosi mamikonianTa dabrunebas Cv. w. aR-is III sauku-
niT aTariReben. favstosisa da stefanosis mixedviT, CineTis datovebis
mizezi iyo brZola samefo karze, sebeosis mixedviT ki – ajanyeba mefis
winaaRmdeg.
qarTul da somxur samecniero literaturaSi mravali mosazreba da
varaudia gamoTqmuli rogorc mamikonianTa, aseve orbelianTa warmoma-
vlobis Sesaxeb. TiToeuli mkvlevari aRniSnul legendebze dayrdnobiT
msjelobs. Tavdapirvelad am sakiTxis garkveva scada n. adoncma Tavis
wignSi `Армения в эпоху Юстиниана~. misi mosazrebiT `ma ma ki~ mamikoni-
anTa gvaris sakuTar saxels warmoadgenda. adre igi wodeba iyo, Semdeg
ki gvarad iqca: mama k an ma mik – aqedan mamiko nean. somxuri legen-
dis mixedviT, mamikonianebi `Wen~-ebisagan warmoiSvnen. saxelwodebaSi
`Wen~ igi gulisxmobs ara Cinelebs, aramed mezobel `wanebs~, romlebic
arcTu ise Sors cxovrobdnen mamikonianTa sagvareulos mamulSi taoSi.
wanebs somxebi `Wan~, `Waniebs eZaxdnen. n. adoncis azriT mamikonianTa
sagvareuli Tvisebebi – ficxi temperamenti da mamacoba anaTesavebs
maT ufro wanebTan, vidre wynar CinelebTan. n. adoncisaTvis cnobilia
agreTve orbelTa Cinuri warmoSobis legendac. igi am damTxvevas SemTx-
veviTad ar Tvlis da orbelTa sagvareulo mamikonianTa Stod miaCnia.7
n. adoncis mosazreba am sagvareuloTa Wanurobis Sesaxeb sxva mec-
nierebmac gaiziares. l. meliqseT-begis mtkicebiT, `Wen-bakuri Cin-ba-

7
Н. Адонц, Армения в эпоху Юстиниана. Ереван, 1971, с. 402-404.

280
 stefanos orbelianis cnobebi saqarTvelos Sesaxeb

kurs anu CinelTa bakurs ki ar unda niSnavdes, aramed Waian-bakurs anu

WanelTa bakurs, rac orbelTa Wanur-lazuri warmoSobis maCvenebeli
unda iyos.~8
m. abeRiani Tavis naSromSi `Zveli somxuri literaturis istoria~
Semdegs miuTiTebs orbelianTa da mamikonianTa sagvareuloTa Sesaxeb:
`Степанос Орбелян пишет историю дома Сиcaкан, то есть Сюника, говорит о
князьях и епископах этой области Армении. Последними ее правителями были
Орбеляны, сам же Степенос был епископом тех мест, поэтому он рассказывает
не только свою биографию, но и посвящает одну большую главу роду Орбеля-
нов, помимо того, что и в других местах упоминает о них и о себе. Предание
о возникновении этого рода совершенно аналогично истории возникновнения Ма-
миконянов. Их предок, царский отпрыск, бежав, согласно Степаносу, из Китая
вместе с семьей от соплеменников, обосновался в Грузии, где удостоился боль-
ших почестей. Они поселяются в крепости Орбет и поэтому зовутся Орбеулк,
то есть Орбетцы. Потомки этого царевича становятся спасаларами Грузии и
владельцами многих поместии..~9
CvenTvis saintreso sakiTxTan dakavSirebiT s. kakabaZe wers: `XIII sau-
kunis orbelebi winaT Wenelebad iwodebodnen. es termini dakavSirebu-
li unda iyos samegreloSi axlac arsebul saxelwodebasTan weni-wyari,
igive Weni-wyari (mdinare Walenjixa) mxare da cixe Toris analogiiT,
sadac provinciis saxelis namonagonrad XIII saukuneSi darCenili iyo
mdinaris, mTis da soflis saxeli (Toris wyali, Toris mTa, Tori). Sei-
Zleba vigulisxmoT, rom dasaxelebuli saxelebi (wenis anu Wenis wyali)
warmoadgenen saTanado provinciis saxelis namonagonars. maSin miviRebT,
rom Wanelni (Weneulni) iyvnen provinciis Wenis (igive wenis) da wen-jixis
(Wen-jixis) anu wenis (Wenis) cixis (megrulad jixa-cixe) mflobelni.~10
orbelTa Wanur-lazur warmoSobas uaxloes qarTul da somxur isto-
riografiaSi eTanxmebian S. mesxia da gr. grigoriani.
S. mesxia miuTiTebs: `orbelTa warmomavlobis gasarkvevad yuradRa-
bas iqcevs liparitis `afxazoba~ (dasavleloba) da agreTve stefanosis
cnoba orbelTa winaprebis WenSi cxovrebis Sesaxeb. Tu am `Wens~ (ste-
fanosis mixedviT niSnavs Cins, CineTs) SuasaukuneebSi Cveulebriv miRe-
bul legendarul garss SemovacliT, SeiZleba masSi `Wani~ gvegulisxma

8
l. meliqseT-begi, sisakanis istoriis qarTuli versia, saistorio moambe,
VI, 1952, gv. 43.
9
М. Абегиан, История древнеармянской литературы, Ереван, 1975, с. 457-458.
10
vefxistyaosani, s. kakabaZis winasityvaobiT, 1927, gv. X-XI, SeniSvna 4.

281
elene cagareiSvili

da igi orbelTa Wanur-lazuri warmoSobis mowmobad migveCnia, rogorc

es Tavis droze savsebiT marTebulad SeniSna l. meliqseT-begma.~11
mamikonianTa Sesaxeb movses xorenacis gadmocemis gaTvaliswinebiT
jer kidev didi xnis win s. janaSia maT warmoSobiT Wanebad miiCnevda:
`am feodalur sagvareulos winapari somxeTSi mamguni Wenia, – dasZenda
igi, – `Wen gvaris~ anu `Wen-Teslisa~. Tumca ueWvelia, rom am gadmo-
cemis uSualo momTxrobelT `Wen~ aq esmiT, rogorc `Cin~-i da es fuZe
Zvel somxur mwerlobaSi marTlac CineTsa da Cinelebze miuTiTebs.
magram safuZvliani unda iyos literaturaSi araerTgzis gamoTqmuli
mosazreba, rom es mwignobruli konstruqciaa, sadac xalxuri Tqmule-
bebis realuri `Wani~ Secvlilia `Wen~//`Cin~-iT, risTvisac, davumatebT
Cven, iqneb xeli Seewyo `Wan~-is adgilobriv cocxal variants `Wen~-sac.
mamikonianebi rom marTlac warmoSobiT Wanebi iyvnen, es savsebiT sar-
wmunoa. amas gvaris saxelis fuZis mamikis (←mama+kninobiTi sufiqsi)
garda daboloeba on, Wanur-megruli afiqsi adasturebs.~12
a. abdalaZis azriT, mamikonianTa da orbelTa warmomavlobis Taobaze
msgavsi gadmocemebis arseboba imiT ar unda iyos gamowveuli, rom or-
belebi maincdamainc mamikonianTa erT-erT Stos warmoadgendnen, aramed,
SesaZloa aixsnebodes orive sagvareulos Wanuri warmoSobiT.13
q. quTaTelaZe naSromSi `qvemo qarTlis socialur-politikuri is-
toria (IX saukunis bolo – XIII saukunis dasawyisi)~ aRniSnavs: `orbelTa
sagvareulo samSvildeSi damkvidrebul baRvaSTa ganStoebas warmoad-
gens, romlis gvar-saxeli samSvildis Zveli saxelwodebis `orbis~ cixi-
dan momdinareobs.~14
rogorc vxedavT, mecnierTa erTi jgufi aRiarebs orbelTa da
mamikonianTa sagvareuloebis Wanur-lazur warmoSobas. somexi mkvl-
evari m. Tumaniani eWvmiutanlad miiCnevs somex istorikosTa cnobebs
mamikonianTa sagvareulos Cinuri warmomavlobis Sesaxeb. zemoxsenebul
mkvlevarTagan gansxvavebuli mosazreba aqvs gamoTqmuli q. patkanovs,
romlis Tanaxmad `Wen~-ebi ar SeiZleboda yofiliyvnen Cinelebi. maTi wi-
naprebi iyvnen Turq-finuri warmomavlobis tomebi, romlebic somxeTSi

11
S. mesxia, saSinao politikuri viTareba da samoxeleo wyoba XII saukunis
saqarTveloSi, Tbilisi, 1979, gv. 23.
12
s. janaSia, Sromebi, III, Tbilisi, 1959, gv. 33.
13
movses xorenaci, somxeTis istoria, Zveli somxuridan Targmna, Sesavali
da SeniSvnebi daurTo al. abdalaZem, Tbilisi, 1984, gv. 278.
14
q. quTaTelaZe, qvemo qarTlis social-politikuri istoria, avtorefera-
ti, Tbilisi, 1999, gv. 13.

282
 stefanos orbelianis cnobebi saqarTvelos Sesaxeb

saxlobdnen. mamikonianTa da orbelianTa sagvareuloTa Turquli warmo-

Sobis Teorias iziareben agreTve d. veremeevi da p. Skoldi.
orbelTa sagvareulo mamikonianTa Sto rom yofiliyo, stefanos or-
beliani aucileblad sadme TviTonve miuTiTebda. Cveni azriT, pirvelwy-
aroTa gaTvaliswinebiT ufro realuria orbelTa da mamikonianTaA sagva-
reuloTa damoukidebeli warmomavloba. unda aRvniSnoT, rom rogorc
adreuli xanis, aseve Tanamedrove somex mecnierTa msjeloba orbelTa
feodaluri saxlis warmoSobis Sesaxeb umTavresad stefanos orbelianis
`sisakanis saxlis istoriis~ monacemebisadmi tendenciurad midgomazea
damyarebuli. orbelTa sagvareulos qarTuli warmoSobis miCqmalvis
surviliT unda aixsnas is garemoebac, rom somexi mkvlevrebi arsad,
arasdros ar axseneben stfanos orbelianis mier qarTuli enis codnis
faqts: rodesac istorikoss moaqvs qarTvel didebulTa werili ivane
orbelianTan da ivanes sapasuxo werili didebulebisadmi, dasZens, rom
`Tumca werilebi qarTul enaze daweres, magram Cven somxurad Sevcva-
leT da ganvawyveTo~.15
zemoT aRniSnul faqtTan dakavSirebiT isic sayuradReboa, rom ste-
fanos orbeliani qarTvel didebulebs qarTuli formiT `didebuls~ ix-
seniebs da ara somxuri formiT `mewamewq~, rogorc sxva SemTxvevaSi is-
torikosi ixseniebs somex didebulebs. aucileblad migvaCnia gavixsenoT
kidev erTi nawyveti mefe daviT demetres Zis mimarTvidan didebulebi-
sadmi, romelSic sityva `taxti~ somxuri sityviT `aTor~ ki ar weria,
aramed qarTuliT – `taxti~. daviTi wers: `Zmao Cemo, giorgi, rogorc
mamaCemma miboZa me sakuTrebad es samefo taxti, aseve vuboZeb mas Cems
Zes demnas.~16
stefanos orbeliani qarTvel mTavarTA Tu sxva moRvaweTa saxelebs
qarTuli formiT gadmoscems, somxurs ki – somxuriT. ase magaliTad,
ivane orbeli da ara hovhanes orbeli; ivane aTabagi da ara hovhanes
aTabagi; ivane abuleTis Ze da ara hovhanes, Ze abuleTisa; ivane, smbat
orbelianis Ze da ara hovhanes, smbat orbelianis Ze. ivane, liparit or-
belianis Ze da ara hovhanes, liparit orbelianis Ze da sxva mravali.
xolo rac Seexeba somex an sivnieTSi moRvawe gasomxebul orbelianTA
`ivaneebs~, stefanos orbeliani somxuri formiT `hovhanes~ ixseniebs:
hovhannes – SapanoRlis episkoposi, hovhannes – stefanosis biZaSvili,
hovhannes – taTevis episkoposi, hovhannes – sivnieTis episkoposi, hov-
hannes – kotaiqis episkoposi, hovhannes– somexTa kaTalikosi da sxv.

stefanos orbeliani, sisakanis saxlis istoria,. gv. 388 (somxur enaze).

15

iqve, gv. 380.

16

283
elene cagareiSvili

niSandoblivia, rom stefanos orbeliani Tavis TxzulebaSi qarTuli

sityvebiT (somxuri dawerilobiT) gadmoscems warmomavlobisa Tu Tanam-
debobis aRmniSvnel mTel rig terminebsa Tu sityvebs; magaliTad, ivane
tbels `ivan dpelad~ ixseniebs. memna jayels sazogado saxelad miiCnevs,
amitom mas patara asoTi wers; qarTuli formiTaa warmodgenili agreTve
Semdegi sityvebi: `Wyondideli~, `varZiis winamZRvari~, `pRnZahanqis wi-
namZRvari~, `mamamTavari~, `mwignobari~ da sxv.17
rogorc zemoT ukve aRvniSneT, stefanos orbelianis `sisakanis
saxlis istoria~-Si gansakuTrebuli yuradReba eqceva sisakanianTaA da
orbelianTaA gvarebis istorias. rogorc m. abeRiani aRniSnavda: `Этого
требовала часть великого княжества Орбелянов, нужно было дать знать миру
и оставить память не только об Орбелянах, но и о том, владетелями какого
большого княжества они были, а сам Степанос на каком великом престоле вос-
седал. Следовательно, его „История~ порождена любовью к своему роду, что в
древние времена было общей чертой для власть имущих.~18
stefanos orbelianis `sisakanis saxlis istoriis~ masalebis Seswav-
lidan naTelia, rom istorikosi flobda qarTul enas, kargad icnobda
saqarTvelos istorias, erkveoda mTel rig sakiTxebSi da iyenebda `qa-
rTlis cxovrebis~ cnobebs Tavis TxzulebaSi. `sisakanis saxlis isto-
riaSi~ mravali sayuradRebo masalaa Semonaxuli saqarTvelos rogorc
sagareo, ise saSinao viTarebis Sesaxeb.
XII saukune feodaluri saqarTvelos istoriaSi sakmaod saintereso
periodia Sinaklasobrivi brZolebiT, dapirispirebebiTa da winaaRmdego-
bebiT samefo xelisuflebasa da didgvarovan feodalTa, eklesiasa da
saxelmwifos Soris (daviT aRmaSeneblis dros baRvaSTa da abuleTis ZeTa
winaaRmdegoba da brZola saqarTvelos samefo xelisuflebasTan, uTanx-
moeba demetre pirvelsa da daviT mexuTes Soris, orbelTaASeTqmuleba,
yuTlu-arslanis politikuri dajgufeba, feodaluri da maRali fenebis
mefis xelisuflebis sawinaaRmdego moqmedeba).19
rogorc cnobili, saqarTvelos politikur gaerTianebas ewinaaRm-
degebodnen didaznaurni da eklesiis reaqciuli frTa. aRniSnuli viTa-
reba jer kidev bagrat III-is dros (975-1014 ww.) gamomJRavnda, romlis
politikis winaaRmdeg gamovida rati baRvaSi qarTlis didaznaurTa mx-
ardaWeriT. mas didi teritoria hqonda mitacebuli. rati baRvaSs arc

17
stefanos orbeliani, sisakanis saxlis istoria, gv. 355, 380, 381, 383, 387,
396, 418, 427, 476.
18
М. Абегян, История Древнеармянской литературы. Ереван, 1975, с. 459.
19
r. metreveli, Sinaklasobrivi brZola feodalur saqarTveloSi (XII s.),
Tbilisi, 1973.

284
 stefanos orbelianis cnobebi saqarTvelos Sesaxeb

Zamelebi, korinTelebi, tbelebi, fxvenelebi da sxva aznaurebi CamorCe-

bodnen.20 sagvareulos arsebobis mTel manZilze (XI-XIII ss.) baRvaSebi
(liparit IV, liparit V, rati I, ivane liparitis Ze) TiTqmis mudmivad
ewinaaRmdegebodnen saqarTvelos mefeebs. daviT aRmaSenebelma baRvaSTa
Stos ukanaskneli warmomadgenlis ratis gardacvalebis Semdeg gaauqma
baRvaSTa kldekaris saerisTavo. xolo baRvaSTa raWis Stos ukanaskneli
warmomadgeneli, kaxaber kaxaberis Ze daviT VI (1245-1293 ww.) mkacrad
dasaja monRolebTan kavSiris gamo.
rac Seexeba abuleTisZeTa kaxeTis didgvarovan feodalTa sagva-
reulos, igi flobda mamulebs aragvisa da TeZamis xeobaSi da, rogorc
es miTiTebulia qarTul istoriografiaSi mniSvnelovan rols asruleb-
da saqarTvelos politikur cxovrebaSi XII-XIII saukuneebSi. abuleTisZeTa
Soris gamoirCeodnen saxelganTqmuli samxedro da saeklesio moRvaweni,
cnobili erisTavT-erisTavebi, romlebic garkveul periodSi erTgulad
emsaxurebodnen samefo xelisuflebas, aqtiur monawileobasac iRebdnen
qveynis saSinao da sagareo politikur cxovrebaSi, magram xSirad Tavi-
anTi moqmedebiT, iseve rogorc sxva qarTul sagvareuloTa warmomad-
genlebi, upirispirdebodnen saqarTvelos mefeebs, aSkarad mtrobdnen
maT. XIII saukunis Semdeg abuleTisZeTa sagvareulom dakarga Zalaufleba
da gavlena. maT mamuls abazasZeTa sagvareulo daeufla. abuleTisZeTa
kaxeTis sagvareulos XII saukunis I naxevarSi safuZveli Cauyara kaxeTis
didgvarovanma feodalma abuleTma, daviT aRmaSeneblisa da demetre I-is
sardalma, romelmac 1110 wels ivane orbelTan da giorgi Wyondidelis
diswul TevdoresTan erTad TurqTagan gaanTavisufla samSvilde.
daviT aRmaSeneblis istorikosis gadmocemiT, 1123 wels daviT aR-
maSenebelma somxeTis winaaRmdeg gailaSqra da aiRo `cixeni somxiTisani:
gagni, terunakani, [qav]azinni, norbedi, manasgomni da talinjaqari.~21
aRniSnul cnobas somexi istorikosebi: vardan aRmosavleli da stefa-
nos orbelianic adastureben. vardanis miTiTebiT `daviTma gaafarTova
saqarTvelos sazRvrebi, SemoierTa uxtiqi da misi mosazRvre raionebi
– gagi, terunakani, tavuSi, kaiani, kaiwoni, lore, taSiri, mahkanaberdi,
daimorCila mTeli somxeTis samefoebi.~22 stefanos orbeliani ki aRniS-
navs tavuSis, gagis, terunakanisa da lores SemoerTebas.23

20
n. berZeniSvili, v. dondua, m. dumbaZe, saqarTvelos istoria, Tbilisi,
1958, gv. 139.
21
cxovreba¡ mefeT-mefisa daviTisi, teqsti gamosacemad moamzada, gamokvl-
eva, leqsikoni da saZiebeli daurTo mzeqala SaniZem, Tbilisi, 1992, gv.  196.
22
vardan arevelci, msoflio istoria, gv. 139-140.
23
stefanos orbeliani, sisakanis saxlis istoria, gv. 379 (somxur enaze).

285
elene cagareiSvili

daviT aRmaSeneblis istorikosis cnobiT 1124 wlis 20 agvistos da-

viT aRmaSenebelTan `movides mewigneni anelTa TavadTani da moa£senes
mocema¡ qalaqisa da cixeTa[¡] boJanas wyaroTa zeda mdgomsa. da myis
wignebi wuevisa¡ momodaisrbola da mesamesa dResa sameoci aTasi m£edari
winaSe udga. waremarTa da mesamesa dResa aRiRo qalaqi anisi da cixeni
misni uWirvelad da queyanani mimdgomni anisisani.~24
anisis amira abulsuari manuCarisZe `rvaTa ZeTa misTAa Tana da
m£evalTa da sZalTa TanxlebiT datyvevebulni mefem dasavleT saqarT-
veloSi gagzavna~.25 vardan aRmosavlelis cnobiT `mefem abuleTi da misi
Ze ivane datova anisSi, dabrunda Tavis qveyanaSi, Tan Camoiyvana abul-
suari Tavisi SvilebiT, romlebic aRar dabrunebulan, iqve gardaicval-
nen ... xorasanSi myofma abulsuaris vaJma (fadlonma] gaigo ra mamis da
Zmebis ambavi da daviTis sikvdili, movida da vedrebiT sTxova abuleTs
da qalaqis uxucesebs mamiseuli qalaqi anisi. radganac qalaqi did saSiS-
roebaSi iyo TurqTagan, abuleTma dauTmo mas [anisi], zrunavda ra qris-
tianebze da ufro metad Tavis Svil ivaneze, rom ar daRupuliyo xSiri
brZolebis dros, TviTon ki dabrunda saxlSi.~26
ivane abuleTis Zem demetre I-is mefobis periodSi TurqTagan gaan-
Tavisufla dmanisi. aRniSnuli faqti miTiTebuli aqvs stefanos orbe-
lians. sabolood ivane abuleTis Ze Seewira samefo xelisuflebasTan
dapirispirebasa da politikur uTanxmoebas. abuleTisZeTa sagvareulos
warmomadgeneli iyo ivane abuleTisZis vaJi, XII saukunis II naxevris kax-
eTis didgvarovani feodali TirqaS abuleTisZe, romelmac 60-ian wlebSi
amiraxor liparit orbelianTan da beqa suramelTan erTad daamarcxa
Turqebis jari da daeufla qalaq aniss.
abuleTisZeTa sagvareulos araerTi warmomadgenelTagani dapirisp-
irebuli iyo samefo xelisuflebas. maT Soris unda gavixsenoT XII sau-
kunis I meoTxedis mRvdelmTavari, modistos abuleTisZe, romelic da-
viT aRmaSeneblis saeklesio politikis winaaRmdegi iyo da Tavis ZmasTan,
Zagan abuleTisZesTan erTad gmobda qveynis centralistur politikas.
Zagan da modistos abuleTisZeTa samefo karis winaaRmdeg gamosvlis Ses-
aswavlad sayuradReboa daviT aRmaSeneblis anderZi, gacemuli SiomRvi-
mis monastrisadmi 1123 wels.27

24
cxoreba¡ mefeT-mefisa daviTisi, gv. 196-197.
25
iqve, gv. 197.
26
vardan arevelci, msoflio istoria, gv. 139, 140.
27
Ф. Жордания, Завещание Давида Возобнавителя, данное Шиомгвимской Лавре в
1123  г., Тифлис, 1895, misive, istoriuli sabuTebi SiomRvimis monastrisa,
Tbilisi, 1896, gv. 14-18.

286
 stefanos orbelianis cnobebi saqarTvelos Sesaxeb

zemoT aRniSnuli anderZis mixedviT SiomRvimis monastrisaTvis da-

viT aRmaSenebels didZali qoneba Seuwiravs, amasTanave ganusazRvravs
monasterSi cxovrebis da samsaxuris wesi da rigi. anderZidan irkveva,
rom daviT aRmaSeneblisagan gandevnili da SiomRvimes TavSefarebuli
Zagan abuleTisZe memRvimeebs SeupyriaT da gadauciaT mefisaTvis. maT
mier gaweuli samsaxurisaTvis daviT aRmaSenebelma ber arsenis monas-
tris Sua adgilas aagebina eklesia. rogorc qarTul istoriografiaSia
miTiTebuli, Zaganisa da modistosis mier daviT aRmaSenebelis sawi-
naaRmdego moqmedebis faqts (aRsarTan kaxTa mefisaTvis muxranisa da
zedaznis cixeebis gadacemas) adgili unda hqonoda daviT aRmaSeneblis
mier zedaznis aRebis (1103 wlis) SEemdeg. sabolood daviT aRmaSenebelma
muxrani da zedaznis cixe SiomRvimis monasters uwyaloba.
saqarTvelos samefo karze xelisuflebisaTvis mebrZolTa Soris
urTierTdapirispireba gansakuTrebiT gaZlierda daviT aRmaSeneblis
gardacvalebis Semdeg. rogorc qarTuli, aseve somxuri werilobiTi wy-
aroebis Tanaxmad, demetre I-s (1125-1155) araerTxel daupirispirda misi
Svili daviT V, romelic grZnobda mamis keTilganwyobas ufro metad
umcrosi vaJis, giorgi III-sadmi (1156-1184). daviTi samefo taxtis dapa-
tronebisaTvis ibrZoda. man ramdenjerme SeTqmulebac ki moawyo deme-
tre I-is winaaRmdeg, romlebSic abuleTisZeTa sagvareulos zogi warmo-
madgenelic ki iRebda aqtiur monawileobas. somexi istorikosi vardan
aRmosavleli Tavis `msoflio istoria~-Si erT-erTi aseTi SeTqmulebis
Sesaxeb gadmogvcems: `daaxloebiT im dros (1130 wels – e.c.) ivane abu-
leTisZem moisurva demetresa da misi (daviTis) Zis giorgis mokvla.
mamamisi abuleTi mis winaSe TeTr wvers iglejda da ukrZalavda amas.
isini dmanisis cixeSi gamoketes ZmaTa Soris sicruis gamo, rac gaigo
demetrem. ivanem uTxra: ratom damiWire mama?~ man gagulisebulma uTxra:
`ara mefev, me xelSi Cagigde Sen Seni Zma, romelsac surda mefoba~.
[mefem] Seipyro is, Tvalebi dasTxara da gauSva.~28 imave vardanis gad-
mocemiT, 1132 wels demetre mefis brZanebiT ivane abuleTisZe mokles.
qarTul istoiografiaSi vardan aRmosavlelis zemoT aRniSnuli cnoba
bolomde sarwmunod ar aris miCneuli. Tundac is, rom daviT demetres
Zes arcerTi wyaro usinaTlod ar moixseniebs. magram aqve unda aRvniS-
noT, rom demetre I-is winaaRmdeg meamboxed, romelsac abuleTisZeni uW-
erdnen mxars, ufliswuli daviTi igulisxmeba. imave vardanis miTiTebiT,
ivanes Svili TirqaSi Sah-armenTan wavida, romlisganac miiRo arSaru-
nis qveyana da daiwyo saqarTvelos aoxreba. sabolood demetre mefem

vardan arevelci, msoflio istoria, gv. 142.

28

287
elene cagareiSvili

Seipyro TirqaS abuleTisZe. xolo samefo taxtis mitacebis Semdeg daviT

demetres Zem cixidan gaaTavisufla TirqaSi da amirspasalarad daniSna.
aRniSnuli faqti swored imaze unda mianiSnebde, rom ivane da TirqaS
abuleTisZeni daviTis mokavSireni iyvnen demetre I-is winaaRmdeg brZo-
laSi da madlierma daviTma samagiero ivanes Svils TirqaSs miuzRo.29
n. berZeniSvili X-XII saukuneebis abuleTisZeTa samflobelod asax-
elebs muxran-zedazens da miuTiTebs: `mefis xelisuflebis central-
isturi tendenciebis winaaRmdeg TavgamodebiT ibrZoda didaznauruli
saqarTvelo: baRvaS-abuleTisZeni qarTlidan, Sinagamcemeli taoelni,
`mterTave Tana garemodgomili~ her-kaxni, `urCni~ da `orgulni~ afxazni
da yvela `mabralobelni~ ibrZodnen xmliT~.30
XII saukunis arabi istorikosis ibn al-azrak al farikis Txzulebis
`maiafarikinis da amidis istoriis~ cnobebze dayrdnobiT arabisti goCa
jafariZe aRniSnavs, rom `abuleTisZeTa feodaluri saxli XI saukunis
damdegs ara marto ubralod arsebobda, aramed is ukve sakmaod Zlieri
da gavlenianic iyo~.31
saqarTveloSi saxel `abuleTis~ jer kidev adre gavrcelebas adas-
turebs X saukuniT daTariRebuli Sida qarTlis sof. zedalisis (yo-
fili znauris raioni) eklesiis samSeneblo warwera.32 aq saxeli `abuleTi~
pirvelad aris moxseniebuli. qarTul istoriografiaSi damkvidrebuli
TvalsazrisiT abuleTisZeTa sagvareulos damfuZneblad aRiarebulia
abuleTi, romelic 1110 wels daviT aRmaSeneblis mier samSvildis aRe-
baSi aqtiurad monawileobda, igi daviT aRmaSeneblis istorikosis Tx-
zulebaSic aris moxseniebuli. aRniSnul brZolaSi abuleTis aqtiuri
monawileoba imaze miuTiTebs, rom mas ufro adrec unda hqonoda daw-
yebuli moRvaweoba samefo karze. rogorc goCa jafariZe aRniSnavs, `Tu
gaviTvaliswinebT imas, rom saxeli `abuleTi~ xSirad meordeba abule-
TisZeTa sagvareuloSi, al-farikis mier moxseniebuli maliqi ueWvelad
SeiZleba miviCnioT am sagvareulos erT-erT adreul warmomadgenlad.

29
iv. javaxiSvili, qarTveli eris istoria, wigni II, Tbilisi, 1948, gv. 224-227;
r. metreveli, Sinaklasobrivi brZola feodalur saqarTveloSi, gv. 116-
118.
30
n. berZeniSvili, saqarTvelos istoriis sakiTxebi, t. II, Tbilisi, 1965,
gv. 29.
31
g. jafariZe, abuleTisZeTa sagvareulos istoriisaTvis, saistorio Stud-
iebi, V. Tbilisis il. WavWavaZis sax. enisa da kulturis saxelmwifo uni-
versiteti, Tbilisi, 2004, gv. 30-37.
32
n. SoSiaSvili, lapidaruli warwerebi, V-X ss., Tbilisi, 1980, gv. 190-191;
a. gogolaZe, daviT aRmaSeneblis anderZi SiomRvimisadmi, Tbilisi, 2001,
gv. 149-150.

288
 stefanos orbelianis cnobebi saqarTvelos Sesaxeb

savaraudoa, rom 1110 wlisTvis abuleTisZeTa saxls aranakleb erTi sau-

kunis istoria mainc hqonda.~ erT-erTi dokumenti, romelic adasturebs
abuleTisZeTa sagvareulos moRvaweobas XIII saukunis II naxevarSic, aris
Zagan abuleTis Zis dawerili mRvimisadmi, romelic 1259 wliT TariRd-
eba: 1405 w. dokumentis cnobiT abuleTisZeTa mamuls abazasZeTa sagva-
reulo daepatrona.
XII saukunis feodalur saqarTveloSi Sinapolitikuri dapirisp-
irebebisa da winaaRmdegobaTa amsaxveli masalebi Semonaxulia rogorc
somxur, aseve qarTul wyaroebSi.
stefanos orbelianis `sisakanis saxlis istoria~-Si giorgi III-is wi-
naaRmdeg 1177 wels giorgis Zmiswulis, demna ufliswulisa da orbelTa
SeTqmulebis Sedegi asea gadmocemuli:

giorgi mefem Sehfica da aRTqma dasdo [ivane orbelis] winaSe, ris

gamoc gabeda man masTan misvla. xolo mefem didad ganixara, didi si-
yvaruliT Seiwynara da ganadida didi pativiT, sanam xelT ar igdo misi
yvela Ze da tomnaTesavni. Semdeg ki giorgim daarRvia Tavisi aRTqma
da SesaZrwunebeli fici. man Seipyro ivane da Tvalebi dasTxara, [aseve]
Seipyro demna, ivanes siZe, masac dasTxara Tvalebi da daasaWurisa, raTa
ara hyoloda memkvidre. ivanes umcrosi Zma, qavTari, misi Ze sumbati,
Zmiswuli ina moaklvlevina. yoveli tom-naTesavi maTi, yoveli yrma da
qali mTlianad amoxoca da warwymida zogierTni moSTobiT, zogni wyalSi
CagdebiT, sxvebi ki kldeze gadagdebiT. ase aRmofxvra maTi saxeli qarT-
velTa saxlidan da brZana orbelianT tomis saxseneblis aRxocva isto-
riidan. Semdeg ki daavala aReweraT es ajanyeba ara ise, rogorc iyo misi
namdvili mizezi, aramed didi ciliswamebiT. Semdgom ganawesa SeCvenebac,
raTa aRar moexsenebinaT maTi saxeli da maTgan aravin daetovebinaT qa-
rTvelTa qveyanaSi. es boroti anderZi man Seinaxa Tavis saganZurSi. es
moxda 626 (1177) wels.33
vardan aRmosavlelis da stefanos orbelianis cnobebi orbelTa
amboxebis Sesaxeb xSirad emTxveva erTmaneTs, magram stefanosis mier
faqtebi da movlenebi sxva wyaroTagan gansxvavebiT ufro mwvave forme-
biTaa gadmocemuli. vardanis `msoflio istoria~ stefanos orbelianis
TxzulebasTan erTad mniSvnelovnad avsebs qarTul wyaroebs zemoT
aRniSnuli sakiTxis Seswavlisas. vardan aRmosavleli aRniSnavs:

im dros gamoavlina ivanem Tavisi boroteba. man gadmoibira me-

fis ZmisSvili demna da bevri aznauri, gadawyvita moekla mefe, vidre

stefanos orbeliani, sisakanis saxlis istoria, gv. 388-389 (somxur enaze).

33

289
elene cagareiSvili

igi udardelad imyofeboda saxateSi. [mefem] Seityo ra [mosalodneli

safrTxe] erTi kacisagan, gaiqca TbilisSi, radgan mcirericxovani xalx-
iT iyo. iq RmerTis CagonebiT masTan bevri Segrovda, romlebmac uaryves
[TavianTi] boroti zraxvebi. roca gaZlierda mefis mxare, moisurva was-
vla ajanyebulebze. isini saxatedan gaiqcnen TavianT cixe-simagreebSi,
Semdeg Sevidnen loreSi liparitis garda, romelic Tavis or vaJTan
erTad sparseTSi wavida. mefem xelSi Caigdo orbelianebis mTeli avla-
dideba. mefesTan gamocxaddnen da fexebSi Cauvardnen misi ZmisSvili
da masTan erTad yvela sxvani, TviTon ivanec ki, romelic daabrmavebi-
na. misi umcrosi vaJi qavTari da liparitis Ze ina moakvlevina. moispo
yvelaferi boroti.34

stefanos orbelianisa da vardan aRmosavlelis Txzulebebidan ze-

moT motanil masalebSi giorgi III-is winaaRmdeg mowyobil SeTqmulebaSi
dasjilebad dasaxelebulni arian mxolod orbelebi, da araferia Tqmu-
li sxva SeTqmulebzec romlebic aseve daisajnen. sinamdvileSi orbelTa
SeTqmulebis diapazoni sakmaod farToO iyo, masSi monawileobas iRebdnen
saqarTvelos mravali kuTxis mcxovrebni. Tamar mefis istorikosis Tx-
zulebaSi `istoriani da azmani SaravandedTani~ sakmaod dawvrilebiTaa
gadmocemuli orbelTa SeTqmulebis mTeli istoria.35
laSa giorgis droindeli mematiane, Tamaris istorikosisagan gan-
sxvavebiT, Tavis TxzulebaSi orbelTa ajanyebis Sesaxeb mokled gad-
moscems: `amis daviTis Svili da giorgis Zmiswuli demetre darCa, da
odes orbelni ukuadges giorgi mefesa, igi Tana ukuitanes da lores
Sedges. muniT gamoasxna orbelni mefeman da ipyrna da da£ocna da deme-
tre kldekarTa dasues, ukanis Tualni daswunes da mokuda da mcxeTas
damarxes.~36
zemoT CamoTvlili rogorc qarTuli (Tamar mefis istorikosi, laSa-
giorgis droindeli mematiane), ise somxuri (stefanos orbeliani, vardan
aRmosavleli) wyaroebis avtorebi cxovreba-moRvaweobis qronologiuri
sazRvrebiT (XIII-XIV ss.) aranakleb erTi saukuniT arian daSorebuli
orbelTa amboxebis droidan. isic unda aRvniSnoT, rom dasaxelebuli
wyaroebi xSirad ama Tu im faqtisa da movlenis aRwerisas sakmaod gan-
sxvavdebian erTmaneTisagan: `istoriani da azmani SaravandedTanis~ av-

34
vardan arevelci, msoflio istoria, gv. 149.
35
istoriani da azmani SaravandedTani, qarTlis cxovreba, s. yauxCiSvilis
gamocema, t. II, gv. 18-20.
36
laSa giorgis droindeli mematiane, qarTlis cxovreba, s. yauxCiSvilis ga-
mocema, t. I, Tbilisi, 1955, gv. 367.

290
 stefanos orbelianis cnobebi saqarTvelos Sesaxeb

tori mefis centralisturi xelisuflebis damcvelad gvevlineba da

yvelaferSi demna ufliswulsa da mis momxre orbelebs adanaSaulebs.
vardan aRmosavleli ivane orbels borots uwodebs, xolo saerTod or-
belTa amboxebas – borotebas.
stefanos orbeliani orbelTa sagvareulos interesebis dacvis
poziciidan cdilobs amboxebulTa saqcielis gamarTlebas. orbelTa
amboxebis amsaxvel somxur wyaroTagan gansakuTrebiT sayuradReboa
aRniSnuli amboxebis Tanamedrove da TviTmxilvelis XII saukunis somexi
moRvawis daviT qobairelis anderZ-mosaxsenebli. daviTi sofel qoberSi
daibada, xolo moRvaweobda axpatSi, ris gamoc igi axpateladac iwode-
boda. anderZ-mosaxsenebels matenadaranSi 1951 wels miakvlies. igi ori
nawilisagan Sedgeba. pirvel nawilSi daviT qobaireli Tavis avtobio-
grafias aRwers, meore nawilSi ki gadmoceulia orbelTa amboxeba. sam-
wuxarod mosaxseneblis meore nawils aklia, Txroba Sewyvetilia lo-
res cixidan demna ufliswulis gamoparvis aRweriT. daviT qobairelis
anderZ-mosaxsenebeli gamoaqveyna somexma mkvlevarma vazgen hakobianma,37
misi qarTuli Targmani ki gamoaqveynes jer g. maisuraZem,38 Semdeg ki
a. abdalaZem.39 daviT qobairelis `mosaxseneblis~ teqstis dasawyisSive
aSkarad Cans avtoris arakeTilganwyobileba amboxebulTa mimarT, rom-
lebsac igi borotganmzraxvelT uwodebs. sxva wyaroTagan gansxvavebiT
daviT qobaireli borotTa saxeliT ixseniebs ara marto orbelebs, ar-
amed yvela maT, romlebic gamovidnen giorgi III-is winaaRmdeg.
daviT qobairelis `mosaxseneblis~ qarTuli Targmanis orive gamom-
cemlis (g. maisuraZe, a. abdalaZe) mier safuZvlianad aris Seswavlili
aRniSnuli wyaro, gansazRvrulia misi istoriul wyaroTmcodneobiTi
mniSvneloba demna ufliswulis amboxebis amsaxveli sxva werilobiTi
Zeglebis monacemTa gaTvaliswinebiT.
unda aRiniSnos, rom demna ufliswulis amboxeba mravalmxrivaa Ses-
wavlili qarTvel da somex mecnierTa mier (m. brose, T. Jordania, iv.
javaxiSvili, n. berZeniSvili, s. janaSia, l. meliqseT-begi, i. abulaZe, g.
povsefiani, v. hakobiani, m. lorTqifaniZe, S. mesxia, z. aleqsiZe, j. odiSe-

37
W7Hagop3an7 Tawi; Kopa3ryxov hi,adagaranu7 Dy.ygacir ha3gagan Cidov;3ovnnyri ag-
atymia3i7 Yrywan5 1952, v. hakobiani, daviT qobairelis anderZ-mosaxsenebeli,
somxeTis mecnierebaTa akademiis sazogadoebriv mecnierebaTa moambe, t. 8,
erevani, 1952, gv. 114, 120 (somxur enaze).
38
g. maisuraZe, erTi somxuri wyaro demna ufliswulis ajanyebis Sesaxeb,
saqarTvelo rusTavelis xanaSi, Tbilisi, 1966, gv. 153-166.
39
a. abdalaZe, somxur xelnawerTa X-XII saukuneebis anderZ-minawerebis cno-
bebi saqarTvelos Sesaxeb, Tbilisi, 2005, gv. 36-40, 90-104.

291
elene cagareiSvili

li, j. stefnaZe, r. metreveli, T. barnaveli, g. maisuraZe, a. abdalaZe, q.

quTaTelaZe).
n. berZeniSvili naSromSi `klasobrivi da Sinaklasobrivi brZolis
gamovlineba saqarTvelos sagareo-politikur urTierTobaSi~ naTlad
warmoadgens gaerTianebul saqarTvelos didgvarovanTa, maT Soris, am-
jerad CvenTvis saintereso orbelTa amboxebis arss da Semdegnair Se-
fasebas aZlevs mas: `karze ajanyeba xSiri Seqmnila, rom didgvarianebs
Cvevad SemosvliaT (ufro sworad maTi klasobrivi brZolis formad
qceula) brZola mefis karisaTvis. es brZola axla ar dawyebula. is
jer kidev XI saukunidanve modis, raki saqarTvelo gaerTianda. didma
aznaurebma iwyes brZola gaerTianebuli qveynis mefis karis dauflebi-
saTvis: sakuTari klasobriv-wodebrivi interesebis uzrunvelsayofad es
sruliad aucilebeli Canda. amisTvis ibrZoda lipariti misi momxreebiT,
amisTvis ibrZodnen liparitisa da mis momxreTa mowinaaRmdegeni ... da
ara marto didgvarianebi cdilobdnen karze gavlenis mopovebas, aramed
wvril aznaurTa Tu wvrilmolaSqreTa fenebic.~40 demna ufliswulisa
da orbelTa amboxeba, romelic qarTul istoriografiaSi stefanos or-
belianisa da laSa giorgis droindeli mematianes cnobaze dayrdnobiT
1177 wliTaa daTariRebuli, rogorc irkveva, didi xnis ganmavlobaSi
mzaddeboda.
1125 wels, daviT aRmaSeneblis gardacvalebis Semdeg, misi vaJis deme-
tres gamefebis periodSi, gamwvavda taxtisaTvis brZola demetresa da
mis ufros vaJs daviTs Soris. demetre, rogorc cnobilia, Tavis umcros
vaJs giorgis swyalobda. qarTvelma didebulebma mama-Svilebs Soris
urTierTobis gamwvavebiT isargebles, daviT ufliswuls daudgnen mxar-
Si da 1150 wels mamis winaaRmdeg aamxedres. demetrem sZlia meamboxeebs,
dasaja isini, magram amiT brZola ar Sewyvetila. 1155 wels meamboxeebi
kvlav ajanydnen. demetre ki iZulebuli iyo berad aRkveciliyo.
daviT V-m eqvsi Tve imefa. zogis cnobiT, igi gardaicvala, zogis va-
raudiT – igi mokles.
somxur wyaroTagan vardan aRmosavleli `msoflio istoriaSi~ Semde-
gnairad gadmogvcems daviT demetres Zis mkvlelobis faqts: `zogi ambobs,
rom [is moklul iqna] sumbat da ivane orbelianebis mzakvrobis Sedegad,
radgan maT adgilas daayena TirqaSi. isini SeTanxmebuli iyvnen daviTis
ZmasTan giorgisTan, rom [is] daniSnavda [maT] mxedarTmTavrad. giorgim
miiRo samefo gvirgvini 605/1156 wels.~41 daviT V-is Semdeg samefo taxts

n. berZeniSvili, saqarTvelos istoriis sakiTxebi, t. II, gv. 34-35.

40

vardan arevelci, msoflio istoria, gv. 145 (somxur enaze).

41

292
 stefanos orbelianis cnobebi saqarTvelos Sesaxeb

isev demetre I daubrunda. man mefed akurTxa Tavisi umcrosi vaJi gior-
gi. misi gamefeba kanonierad ar iyo miCneuli, vinaidan daviTs darCa vaJi
demetre (demna). daviTis droindel ajanyebasa da giorgi III-is winaaRm-
deg demetre (demna) ufliswulisa da orbelTa SeTqmulebas Soris raRac
kavSiri unda arsebuliyo. stefanos orbelianis Tanaxmad:

mravali warmatebisa da didi vaJkacobis gamoCenis Semdeg garda-

icvala demetre mefe 607 (1158) wels, taxts daeufla misi vaJi, davi-
Ti, mamis msgavsad mxne da brZeni kaci. man icocxla ori weli da gar-
daicvala. aRsrulebis Jams demetrem moixmo kaTalikosi da did-didni
didebulni, Tavisi Zma giorgi da Tavisi mcirewlovani yrma demna. man
win daidva macxovris xati, cxovelmyofeli jvari, wminda saxareba da
Tqva: `hoi, didebulno qarTvelno, Tqven Tavad mxned iciT, Tu rogor
iRvawa mamaCemma TqvenTvis da kvlav ganaaxla es samefo da sikvdilis
Jams didi aRTqmiTa da anderZiT me miboZa es samefo. xolo amJamad me
miaxloebuli var aRsasruls da Sen, Zmao Cemo, giorgi, arc wili da arc
sityva ar gekuTvnis am taxtisTvis. aw, rogorc mamaCemma me miboZa sa-
kuTrad samefo taxti, msgavsadve me Cem pirmSos demnas vuwyalobeb mas
yvela TqvenTaganis mowmeobiT. xolo Sen, giorgi, Zmao Cemo, dadeq Cems
adgilze da daeufle qveynis ZalTmTavrobas da iyos Seni nawili memkvi-
dreobisa, romelic mamaCemma mogca, vidre aRizrdeba Cemi yrma~. [Semdeg]
man moixmo [win daiyena] ivane, smbat orbelianis vaJi, daafica yrmisaTvis
anderZis aRTqmis dacva, yrmas xeli Seaxo, ivanes xelSi misca, Sevedra
mas da daafica didebulni, rom ar emzakvraT yrmisaTvis da roca asaks
miaRwevda, mefed ekurTxaT. yovelive es ra aRasrula, TviT aResrula.
da daefla mamaTa TvisTa Tana gelaTs.42

zemoTmotanili cnobis WeSmaritebaSi eWvi epareboda iv. javaxiSvils,

radgan mas SeuZleblad miaCnda Zmebs Soris aseTi daZabuli urTierTo-
bis dros daviTs Tavisi Svilis demnas mzrunveloba giorgisaTvis mien-
do. iv. javaxiSvilis azriT, stefanos orbelianma orbelTa SeTqmulebis
gasamarTleblad TviTonve SeTxza anderZi.43 savaraudebelia, rom Tavda-
pirvelad orbelebsa da giorgis Soris keTilganwyoba arsebobda, or-
belebi giorgis mxareze iyvnen, misgan ivane orbelma amirspasalarobac
miiRo. demna ufliswuli ivane orbelTan izrdeboba, romlis siZec gaxda.
ivane orbelma moindoma anisis mmarTveloba, radgan anisi mis sagamgeb-
los lore-taSirs esazRvreboda.

stefanos orbeliani, sisakanis saxlis istoria, gv. 380-381 (somxur enaze).

42

iv. javaxiSvili, Txzulebani, II, Tbilisi, 1983, gv. 243.

43

293
elene cagareiSvili

anisis sakiTxTan dakavSirebiT giorgi mefesa da ivane orbels So-

ris uTanxmoeba warmoiSva. anisis aRebis Semdeg giorgi mefem anisis
gamgeblad ivane orbeli daniSna, romelic mahmadian mflobelebs dau-
kavSirda. giorgim daamarcxa sulTani, anisis moqalaqeebma ivane orbels
xeli SeuSales mahmadianebisaTvis qalaqis gadacemaSi. amieridan mas
CamoerTva anisis gamgeblobis ufleba. ivane orbelsa da giorgi mefes
Soris kidev ufro gamwvavda urTierToba ivane orbelis ojaxSi siZed
demna ufliswulis Sesvlis Semdeg. giorgi III-s feodalTa didi nawili
daupirispirda imis gamoc, rom igi SemoerTebul da dapyrobil qveynebSi
qarTvel didebulebs xelisuflebas ar aZlevda. swored zemoTaRniSnul
viTarebis gamo mefis winaaRmdeg demna ufliswulisa da orbelTa mier
mowyobil ajanyebaSi bevri didebuli monawileobda.
rogorc qarTul ise somxur werilobiT wyaroebSi, aseve istorio-
grafiaSi demna ufliswulisa da orbelTa SeTqmuleba sxvadasxvanairad
aris daTariRebuli. stefanos orbelians miTiTebuli aqvs: `mama smbati
moxucebuli mokvda. dakrZales igi mamaTa [samarxSi], xelisuflebas ki
daeuflnen misi vaJebi: ivane da lipariti. xolo somexTa welTaRricxvis
626 (626+551=1177) wels atyda SfoTi da areuloba qarTvelTa samefoSi,
Zirfesvianad aRmoifxvra da daeca orbelianTA saxli giorgis mefobis
21-e wels.~44
laSa-giorgis droindeli mematianec, stefanos orbelianis msgavsad
demna-orbelTa amboxebas 1177 wliT aTariRebs: `odes orbelni gadges,
qronikoni iyo samas oTxmocdaCvidmeti (397+780=1177).~45 demna-orbelTa
ajanyebas 1177 wliT aTariRebs giorgi III-is sigelic, romelic daculia
xelnawerTa instututSi (Ad-15). giorgi mefis brZanebis teqsti Sesrule-
bulia XII saukunisaTvis damaxasiaTebeli mdivanmwignobruli xeliT.
giorgi III-is sigelis teqsti aRadgina da gamoaqveyna Teimuraz barnavel-
ma.46 aRniSnuli sigeli zustad demna ufliswulisa da orbelTa ajanyebis
dros ekuTvnis. mis Tanaxmad, amboxeba momxdara giorgi III-is mefobis `ka~
wels. giorgi gamefda 1156 wels, aqedan gamomdinare amboxebis TariRia
1177 (1156+21) weli. ajanyeba, rogorc T. barnaveli miiCnevs, unda dawye-
buliyo 1177 wlis ivnis-ivlisSi, sigeli ki dawerilia 1178 wlis pirvel
naxevarSi. giorgi III-is sigeli imiTac aris sayuradRebo, rom masSi aR-

44
stefanos orbeliani, sisakanis saxlis istoria, gv. 383 (somxur enaze).
45
laSa giorgis droindeli mematiane, qarTlis cxovreba, s. yauxCiSvilis ga-
mocema, t. I. gv. 367.
46
T. barnaveli, ufliswul demnas amboxebis TariRisaTvis, saqarTvelos sax-
elmwifo muzeumis moambe, t. XXI-XXI, Tbilisi, 1957, gv. 107-111.

294
 stefanos orbelianis cnobebi saqarTvelos Sesaxeb

werilia amboxebulebze giorgi III-is gamarjvebis Semdgomi periodis am-

bebic.
daviT qobairelis `mosaxseneblis~ somxuri teqstis gamomcemeli v.
hakobiani demnas amboxebis dasawyisad 1178 wlis aprilis Semdgom peri-
ods miiCnevs, dasasrulad – 1179 wlis Tebervlis 10-mde, rodesac gior-
gi III aiRo lores cixe.
Tedo Jordanias mier `qronikebis~ I tomSi aRniSnulia: `es brZola
daiwyo ivniss 1177 wels da gaTavda Tebervals 1178 wlisas: pirvel wels
uCvenebs stefanosi, xolo meores – Cveni qronika (e. i. afxazTa qroni-
ka).~
somexi mkvlevarebi T. hakobiani da s. meliqbaxCiani Tavis naSromSi
stefanos orbelianis cnobaze dayrdnobiT demna ufliswulis ajanyebis
TariRad miiCneven 1177-1178 wlebs.47
a. abdalaZis azriT: `arc isaa gamoriculi, rom daviT qobaireli am-
boxebis dasawyisad gulisxmobdes 1178 wels, Tu marTla am wels daiwyo
amboxeba, sxva wyaroebSi amboxebis TariRad 1177 wlis dadeba unda avxs-
naT imiT, rom gandgomilebi brZolas agrZelebdnen am welsac, rodesac
isini sabolood damarcxdnen.~48
Cven mier zemoT motanili somxuri wyaroebis monacemebisa da qarTul
da somxur istoriografiaSi gamoTqmuli mosazrebebis gaTvalisiwinebiT
ufro misaRebad migvaCnia orbelTa amboxebis TariRad 1177-1178 wlebis
aRiareba. giorgi III-is mkacri centralisturi politikis winaaRmdeg
mimarTuli orbelTa amboxeba, romelic miznad isaxavda ivane orbelis
siZis, demna ufliswulis uflebebis dacvas, mis gamefebas, seriozulo-
biTa da masStaburobiT gansxvavdeboda saqarTveloSi XII saukuneSi war-
moqmnil Sinaklasobriv sxva brZolebisagan. jer erTi igi TiTqmis saqa-
rTvelos yvela mxares moedo da masSi qveynis farTo fenebi iRebdnen
monawileobas ajanyebulTa Tu mefe giorgi III-is mxareze.
cnobilia, rom orbelebi gansakuTrebiT demetre I-is da daviT deme-
tres Zis mefobis periodSi dawinaurdnen. orbelebis saxlis meTauri
ivane sumbatis Ze erTdroulad daeufla amirspasalarobasa da manda-
turTuxucesobas. igi giorgi III-is dros anisis gamgebelic iyo. misi Zma
lipariti ki jer amiraxori, Semdeg ki qarTlis erisTavi gaxda. orbelebma

47
:7Q7 Hagop3an7 S7D7 Mylik – Paq,3an7 Sdydanos )rpyl3an7 Yrywan7 1960, e]7 16-17
T. hakobiani, s. meliq-baxCiani, stefanos orbeliani, erevani, 1960, gv. 16-
17 (somxur enaze).
48
a. abdalaZe, somxur xelnawerTa X-XII saukuneebis anderZ-minawerebis cno-
bebi saqarTvelos Sesaxeb, gv. 97.

295
elene cagareiSvili

giorgi III-is nacvlad misi ZmisSvilis demna daviTis Zis gamefebiT moin-
domes TavianTi uflebebisa da mdgomareobis ganmtkiceba samefo karze.
rogorc zemoT ukve aRvniSneT, orbelTa 1177-1178 wlis amboxeba
giorgi III-is winaaRmdeg erTbaSad ar dawyebula. igi aRmocenda im sak-
maod xangrZlivi urTierTdapirispirebis Sedegad, romelic samefo tax-
tis dauflebisaTvis uTanxmoebis droidan warmoiSva demetre I-is da mis
SvilTa (daviT V, giorgi III-is) Soris.
rogorc stefanos orbeliani aRniSnavs, ivane orbelis karze demna
ufliswulis yofnis periodSi: `giorgi mefem Tavis mxares miimxro dide-
buli mTavarni da kaTalikosi da moisurva gamefeba. magram man ver gabeda
Tavisi ganzraxvis gamxela didi sumbat orbelianisa da misi vaJebisaTvis,
ivanes da liparitisaTvis. erTi Tvis Semdeg yvela didebuli da aznau-
rni Seikribnen giorgisTan, masTan mivida ivanec TavisianebiTurT. maSin
ganucxada giorgim maT Tavisi ganzraxva da mravali mosaferbeli tkbili
sityviT daajera isini, rom `rogorc ki asaks miaRwevs Cemi Zmiswuli, ar
gavanawyeneb mas, aramed Cemi Zmis anderZis Tanaxmad samefo taxtze davs-
vam~. ase yvelani SeTanxmdnen da dasves igi mefed~.49 stefanos orbeliani
Tavis TxzulebaSi `sisakanis saxlis istoria~ orbelTa amboxebis gadmo-
cemamde, sakmaod vrclad aRwers giorgi mefis qvel saqmeebs, warmate-
biT brZolebsa da qveynis Sinaur viTarebas da yvela sagareo Tu saSinao
saqmianobaSi mis marjve TanamebrZolad asaxelebs amirspasalar ivane
sumbatis Ze orbelians. stefanos orbelianis gadmocemiT, marTalia,
ivane qveynisaTvis mraval sasargeblo saqmes eweoda da mudam udidesi
pativiTa da didebiT aRamaRlebda mefes, magram amave dros mudmivad
SiSobda. mamis gardacvalebis Semdeg ivanem da misma Zmam liparitma daim-
kvidres mTavroba. rodesac Wabukobis asaks miaRwia demna ufliswulma,
erTxel ivanes TavisianebTan agarakSi myofs, `eaxlen demna da didebul-
ni da moaxsenes: `gaixsene, ivane, Seni aRTqma da fici, romelic Sehfice
mefe daviTs, nu daarRvev aRTqmas. moiwia Jami yrma demnas gamefebisa.
giorgi zis saxateSi mcire amaliT, Cven ki mtkiced vdgavarT mamamisi-
saTvis micemul ficze~. ivanem ki ganacxada: `RmerTma dagvifaros, rom
ganvizraxoT cxebuli mefis mokvla, Cveni ficisa da aRTqmisaTvis unda
SevipyraT giorgi, vidre gavamefebT demnas, Semdeg ki vTxovoT mas aRTq-
ma da fici da xelwerili Tavisi MZmiswulis morCilebisa. gandevnis Sem-
deg ki igi unda dadges da damkvidrdes Tavisi samkvidreblis im nawilSi,

stefanos orbeliani, sisakanis saxlis istoria, gv. 381 (somxur enaze).

49

296
 stefanos orbelianis cnobebi saqarTvelos Sesaxeb

romelic mas mamamisma misca~. es Tqmuli yvelam moiwona da dauyovnebliv

daiwyes jaris Sekreba~.50
mefe giorgis winaaRmdeg, garda orbelebisa, demna ufliswulis si-
mamris ivane orbelis meTaurobiT gamovidnen, rogorc `istoriani da
azmani SaravandedTanis~ avtori uwodebs `ganzrax-gamgebelni da `SinaT-
gamcemelni~: ivane vardanis Ze, SoTa – arTavaCos Ze, mejinibeTuxucesi
qavTar ivanes Ze, anania dvineli, mxargrZelebi, Toreli, gamrekeli, memna
jayeli, kaenis patroni hasani, grigol aneli apiratis Ze, qarTlis eri-
sTavi sumbatis Ze lipariti, sargis mxargrZeli SviliT da ZmiswuliT,
qarTlis erisTavni, yoryorelni, javaxni, kaxni da sxvani 30 000-ze meti
kaci.
daviT qobairelis gadmocemiT: `Tavdapirvelad [ajanyebulebma] miud-
gomeli kaenisa da kaewonis mxareTmmarTvelebi da mecixovneebi daiTanx-
mes [mefis] winaaRmdeg [brZolaSi monawileobis miRebaze], raTa maTTvis
mosaxleobasac xeli Seewyo. roca pirobisamebr Saqis, hereTisa da kaxe-
Tis mxareebis mTavrebi ajanydnen, esenic [kaenisa da kaewonis mmarTvele-
bi] TavianT adgilebSi gamagrdnen da maTi mosazRvre mefis mxareebi
aikles.~51 amboxebulTa ganzraxva erTi yrmis meSveobiT Seityo saxateSi
mcire amaliTurT mSvidad myofma mefem, romelic saswrafod TbilisSi
wavida da laSqris Segroveba daiwyo. SeTqmulebi kojorSi imyofebodnen.
mefe giorgis erTgulad mxarSi edgnen mejinibeTuxucesi Wiaberi da yiv-
CayTa laSqris meTauri yubasari 500 meomriT.
daviT qobairelisive cnobiT: `giorgi mefem, radgan jer kidev xelT
epyra Tavis sakuTar samefoSi qalaqebi da simagreebi da samefo karis
ganZeuloba, saswrafod ... moiwvia saTaTbirod Tavisi erTgulni. maT-
Tan TaTbiris Semdeg gadawyvita damsaxurebis mixedviT gauyos oqrosa
da vercxlis ganZeuli da sapatio samoslebi im narevi qveiTi meomrebis
brbos, dvaleTsa da qarTlis mxaris sazRvrebSi rom arian. Semdeg yvela
eseni, qveiTi meomrebi erT adgilas Seagrova da mxedarTufrosis mam-
eul mxareSi wavida. man iavarhqmna, moialafa da maTi sasaxleebi gadawva.
TviT ki ajanyebulebisaken gaemarTa. ajanyebulebma Soridan rom dainax-
es, gonebadakargulni gaiqcnen da sadac mouxerxdebodaT, iq gamagrd-
nen. mxedarTufrosma ivanem ki SvilebiT, coliTa da mTeli saxleuliT
Tavi Seafara miudgomel lores. misma Zmam liparitma Tavisi xalxiT
waiyvana mefis Ze demetre da miuval kaenis cixes mimarTa. mefis br-

stefanos orbeliani, sisakanis saxlis istoria. gv. 383-384 (somxur enaze).

50

g. maisuraZe, erTi somxuri wyaro demna ufliswulis ajanyebis Sesaxeb,

51

gv. 263.

297
elene cagareiSvili

ZanebiT maT daedevna keTilmsaxuri Tbilisis amirTmTavari qurdi, dae-

wia viwro gzaze Tavis sakuTar mxareSi, romelsac mahkaberdi ewodeba,
dasca maT brZolis yiJina da ukanve gamoaqcia, daedevna da wamoiRo im
jaris davla da alafi. mxolod cxenosnebma daaRwies Tavi da lores si-
magreSi movidnen. yvela ajanyebuli erT adgilas Sehyares. es rom kaenSi
gamagrebulebma naxes, mefes damorCildnen. aseve moiqcnen ... cixis axlo-
maxlos mcxovrebni.~52 bevri meamboxe, maT Soris mxargrZeli, gamrekeli,
grigol aneli giorgi mefis mxareze gadavidnen.53 ajanyebulebi ramden-
ime Tve alyaSemortymulni loreSi imyofebodnen da daxmarebas elodnen
Sah-armenisa da azerbaijanis aTabagis eldiguzis Zisagan, romelTanac
gaagzavnes qarTlis erisTavi liparit sumbatis Ze da anania dvineli,
magram uSedegod. stefanos orbelianis gadmocemiT azerbaijanis aTaba-
gma rodesac Seityo giorgi mefis upiratesoba orbelebTan brZolaSi,
masTan urTierTobis gamwvavebas Tavi aarida da araviTari daxmareba ar
aRmouCina maT. meamboxeebma TandaTan iwyes orbelTagan Camocileba. am-
aTgan pirvelni iyvnen gamrekeli da grigol aneli, romlebic gadaudgnen
demnas da mis momxreebs da giorgis mxareze gadavidnen. xolo ivane
orbelis mxardamWerma didebulebma farulad werili misweres ivanes,
romelsac urCevdnen damorCileboda mefe giorgis da gadaeca misTvis
daviTis Ze demna, maTi azriT, mizezi borotebisa. ivane orbelma waikiTxa
ra orbelTa werili, maSinve gaugzavna sapasuxo werili, romelSic uar-
hyo maTi moTxovnis Sesruleba. sabolood demna ufliswuli gamocxadda
Tavis biZasTan, giorgi mefes Sewyalebis TxovniT eaxla ivane orbelic.
mefem Tavdapirvelad Seiwynara isini siyvaruliT da pativiscemiT, ma-
gram Semdeg, roca TiTqmis yvela gandgomili TavianTi naTesavebiTurT
xelT igdo, daarRvia fici da aRTqma, ar daindo da sastikad dasaja isi-
ni: demna ufliswuls Tvalebi dasTxares da daasaWurises, ris Semdegac
igi gardaicvala. giorgi mefem aseve Tvalebi dasTxara ivane orbels,
misi brZanebiT sikvdiliT dasajes ivane orbelis umcrosi Zma qavTar
orbeli, misi Svili sumbati, damnaSaveTa didi nawili gaaZeves.
giorgi mefis mier darbazis gadawyvetilebiT gamotanili da saekle-
sio SeCvenebiT damtkicebuli es sasjeli sakmaod mZime iyo yvela meam-
boxisaTvis, radgan mas mamulis flobisa da laSqarSi monawileobis
ufleba erTmeoda. meamboxeTa mamulebi da Tanamdebobebi mefe giorgim
Tavis erTgul TanamebrZolebs gadasca. man nayivCayar yubasars amirspas-

52
g. maisuraZe, erTi somxuri wyaro demna ufliswulis ajanyebis Sesaxeb,
gv. 263-264.
53
saqarTvelos istoriis narkvevebi, t. III, Tbilisi, 1979, gv. 292-293.

298
 stefanos orbelianis cnobebi saqarTvelos Sesaxeb

alaroba uboZa, aznauris naymev afridons – erisTavTerisTavoba da msax-

urTuxucesoba. demna ufliswulis amboxebis damarcxebis ZiriTadi Sede-
gi swored mefis `ugvaro~ msaxurTa dawinaureba iyo. feodalTa saerTo
gamosvlas, romelic mefem CaaxSo, eklesiis warmomadgenelTa gamosvlac
mohyva, rac man eklesiis mamulebis sagadasaxado Seuvalobis sagangebo
sigeliT damtkicebiT SeaCera. rogorc cnobilia, 1178 wels giorgi III,
samefo xelisuflebis mowinaaRmdegeTa sastikad dasjis Semdeg, Tavisi
asuli Tamari samefo taxtze aiyvana. aqve unda aRvniSnoT, rom Cven mier
zemoT ganxiluli qarTuli da somxuri wyaroebis monacemTa gaTval-
iswinebiT gazviadebulad da subieqturad ar migvaCnia stefanos orbe-
lianis mier orbelTa amboxebis mTeli istoriis, gansakuTrebiT ki misi
Sedegebis aRwera – sastiki zomebi ajanyebulTa winaaRmdeg: daxocva,
eqsoria, sagvareulo pativis ayra, orbelTa istoriis, saerTod maTi
xsenebis amoZirkva matianeebisa da eklesiebidan. faqtiurad es Zlieri
qarTuli feodaluri sagvareuli, romelic XII-XIII saukuneebSi qvemo qar-
Tlis teritoriasa da mniSvnelovan samoxeleo Tanamdebobebs: (amirspas-
alaroba, mandaturTuxucesoba, aTabagoba) flobda, XIII saukunis Semdeg
qreba istoriis sarbielidan.
orbelTa sagvareulos uZvelesi istoriis da gansakuTrebiT demna
ufliswulis amboxebis aRweris Semdeg stefanos orbeliani momdevno pe-
riodis ambebis gadmocemiT avsebs orbelTa sagvareulo istorias. isto-
rikosis gadmocemiT, orbelTagan fizikur sasjels gadaurCnen mxolod
azerbaijanis aTabagTan Semweobis saTxovnelad gagzavnili liparit
sumbatis Ze Tavisi vaJebiT. amaTgan Tamar mefis dros ivane dabrunda
saqarTveloSi da damkvidrda orbeTis mamulSi, misgan warmomavloben
qarTveli orbelianebi, xolo meore Zma eligumi daeufla ernjakis cix-
esa da daba Wahuks. Tamaris drosve saqarTveloSi daabrunes lipari-
tis SviliSvili liparit eligumis Ze, romelsac sagamgeblod sivnieTi
uboZes.
somxur eTnikur da sarwmunoebriv garemocvaSi moqcevis gamo sivni-
eTSi damkvidrebuli orbelTa Sto gasomxda, romlis erT-erTi warmo-
madgenelia swored gamorCeuli saklesio da sazogado moRvawe, cnobili
istorikosi stefanos orbeliani.

Elene Tsagareishvili

EVIDENCE OF STEPHANOS ORBELIANI ON GEORGIA

S U M M A RY

299
 The historiographic legacy of Stephanes Orbeliani, an Armenian historian, politician
and cultural figure of the 13th-14th centuries, constitutes one of the major primary sources
for the history of Armenia proper and adjacent countries, especially Georgia.
It should be emphasized especially that without the evidence recorded in the work
of Stephanos Orbeliani, we would have known almost nothing about the mighty feudal
house of the Orbelians, with which quite a few serious political developments in the
socio-political history of Georgia in the 12th-13th centuries are linked.
Of the historical and literary legacy of Stephanos Orbeliani special mention should
be made of his History of the Sisakan House. The author had set himself the task of
writing the history of Sisakan whose last rulers were Orbelians, representatives of his
house.
It becomes clear from Orbeliani’s work that he knew Georgian and was acquainted
well with the history of Georgia, was well-aware of a number of questions, and in
writing his work he made use of the evidence of the History of Georgia.
The History of the Sisakan House contains much valuable evidence on Georgia on
the internal and external life of the country.
The History of the Sisakan House conveys the same events connected with the 1177
conspiracy against Giorgi, the accomplices of which were his nephew Prince Demna and
representative of the House of Orbelians.
Taking into consideration the evidence of Armenian and Georgian sources and the
assumptions made in Armenian historiography, the author of the paper believes it more
acceptable to date the rebellion to 1177-1178.
After the study of the above-discussed Georgian and Armenian sources, the picture
of the whole story of the rebellion, described by Stephanos, does not seem exagger-
ated and subjective to the author – the severity of the punishment, reprisals against the
rebels, right up to the expulsion of the representatives of the Orbeli house, as a result
of which this mighty feudal house, in possession of territories in Lower Kartli in the
12th-13th centuries, disappears from the historical arena in the 13th century..

300