Virtual Operating

Systems
(Sistemi operativi virtuali)
Introduction (introduzione)
VS

2
VS

3
VS

4
Sistemi operativi virtuali
Virtual Operating Systems

VS

5
What is a Virtual Operating System?
Creates a virtual environment where we can install
another operating system and use it almost as if we were
running it normally.

6
We can switch between these and
use them for different tasks!

7
OOPS…What do we do?

8
Why is it useful(utile)?
● Trial software and updates

● Web surfing

● Sensitive logins (Banking)

● Older software

● Backups (packaged as files)

9
Pros!
● Cheaper

● Predictable Costs

● Reduces workload

● Faster deployment

● Energy Savings

10
11
Downsides?
● Takes time to learn

● Less Physical Hardware User

● Dependent on host system

● Could conflict

● Slower

12
13
Approaches to Virtualization

14
Partitioning services on top of
a standard operating system
and supports the broadest
range of hardware
configurations, less cost, no
additional drivers, easy to
use.
Ex. VMware Player
First layer of software installed on a
clean x86-based system. Direct
access to the hardware resources,
more efficient, security, scalability,
robustness and performance.
Ex. Microsoft Hyper-V 15
In the real world

16
In the real world

Can be copied and moved;

adaptive IT management for
business!

17
In the real world

18
Virtualization for Server Consolidation and
Containment
Server containment reduces existing
infrastructure “box count”, retiring older
hardware or life-extending legacy
applications. Reduction in the overall
number of systems and related recurring
costs (power, cooling, rack space, etc.)

Server containment uses an incremental

approach to workload virtualization,
whereby new projects are provisioned with
virtual machines rather than physical
servers, thus deferring hardware purchases.

19
20
Other approach – Multi/Dual Booting
●Good for gaming

●Separates your drive into partitions

●Run two OS on one computer

●Completely separate!

○(As if it was the only OS, won’t slow down!)

21
Downsides
●Have to restart completely each switch

●Can’t run both together

●Harder to share files

22
Back to the beginning….
Mainframe Operating
Systems
23
Jobs

SLOW TO DO one at a
time!!
24
Jobs

SLOW TO DO one at a
time!!
25
Simultaneous Jobs!
Mainframe

26
Mainframe OS
● Computer that can support
thousands of applications and I/O
at the same time for thousands of
users!

●Example: IBM’s z/OS

27
Timeline
● 1950s: Physically large computers, $$$$

●1960s: Standardized mainframe, customers can write business

applications

●1964: IBM S/360 made it general purpose

28
Why do we use it?
●Encrypt sensitive data across
network

●Reduce operation time

●Automatic job sequencing

29
30
Why do we use it?
●Web sites use it to store
production databases on a
mainframe host

●Encrypt sensitive data across

network

●Reduce operation time

●Automatic job sequencing

31
What do they do?
1. Access same data on shared resource
2. Batch jobs without user interaction thousands of times!
3. Ensures no conflicts!

32
33
34
Today

IBM says z13 can

easily support
distributed systems
that have become
synonymous with big
data analytics

35
How Virtualization Complements New-
Generation Hardware
●Processors with 64-bit extensions supporting very large memory capacities

●Can host large, memory-intensive applications

●Allow many more virtual machines to be hosted by a physical server deployed

within a virtual infrastructure.

●Dual-core processor technology significantly benefits IT organizations by

dramatically lowering the costs of increased performance.

●Virtualization hardware assist enables robust virtualization of CPU and is more

efficient
36
Para-virtualization
●Operating system compatibility is traded off against performance for certain
CPU-bound applications running on systems without virtualization hardware assist

●Offers potential performance benefits when a guest operating system or

application is ‘aware’ that it is running within a virtualized environment, and
has been modified to exploit this.

●Downside: Modified guests cannot ever be migrated back

to run on physical hardware.

37
Quiz time!
●Which should you use if you are a gamer?

38
Quiz time!
●Which should you use if you are a gamer?

39
Quiz time!
●Which should you use if want to access your clipboard between OS?

40
Quiz time!
●Which should you use if want to access your clipboard between OS?

41
Quiz time!
●What are mainframe OS good for?

1. Job batching

2. Storing data

3. Supporting multiple users

4. Sending emails

42
Quiz time!
●What are mainframe OS good for?

1. Job batching

2. Storing data

3. Supporting multiple users

4. Sending emails

43
Next time: Laboratory
How to build and configure a VM!
Ex. VMWare Workstation Player!

44
Virtual Appliances
●A preconfigured software solution that makes it possible to package,
maintain, update and manage one or more virtual machines together as a single
unit.

45
Comparison to a dishwasher
●Dishwasher integrates water sprayers,
heating coils, sensors and timers as a
prepackaged solution for washing and
drying dishware

●VS

●Virtualappliances allow virtual machines to

work together as an integrated,
preconfigured solution that provides an
end-to-end service such as email spam
protection.
46
How a Virtual Appliance works

47
Differences

48
Benefits of using Virtual Appliances

49
Benefits for Software Developers and
Appliance Vendors
●Simpler, more cost- effective and more secure way to deliver their
solutions to market

●Helping to reduce development and distribution costs

●Accelerate time to market, expand customer reach, and tighten control over
the security and quality of their products.

50
Benefits for Customers
●Reduce the cost of owning and operating software.

●Using preconfigured software-based solutions, customers can deploy

services more quickly, streamline management and administration tasks,
and leverage their virtual infrastructure as a strategic, standardized computing
platform for application delivery.

51
How to get one

52
How to get one

53
How to get one
●https://marketplace.vmware.com/vsx/

54
Next time…
●Cloud computing…..

55
How to build and configure a VM:
VMWare Workstation Player 12
Lab 1(lezione uno)
Approaches to Virtualization in a PC environment.
●  1st Step: Build a Virtualization Layer over an Host Operative System installed
on PC without modify anything in our computer;

●  2nd Step: Install new Guest Operative Systems, usually different from the
original Host O.S.; each system must have a license, unless they are open source
(Linux for example);

●  3rd Step: Install Applications over new Guest Operative Systems and go !

2
What happen to our computer ?

Step 1 Step 2 Step 3

3
Which Virtual. Products work better with PC ?
Linux Host S.O. :

KVM, Xen, they are Open Source Software (costless);

Windows and MacOSX Host S.O. :

Parallel Desktop, VirtualBox, VMware Workstation Player,

they are Proprietary Software and than they have license costs (costless for
student and non-professional use).

4
Next time… Virtual Appliance download and
installation
● Virtual Operating System +
Software Application
= Virtual Appliance!!

5
 Virtual Appliances

Lecture 2(lezione due)

A dilemma: Jack and Jill
● Jack and Jill want to create a
website and manage it

● They want it be secure and

have a server

● They want to use the same

tool but they have different OS

They are lazy

● 

2
A dilemma: Jack and Jill
● Normally, Content
Management Services are
hard to setup

● They only have a limited

time to set it up

● They only can use free

resources

3
Examples

4
Examples
● Open source Web
application framework and
Web CMS (content
management system)
● Aimed at businesses,
universities, and schools that
need an easy-to-use Web
publishing system
● Publish articles, create
forums, build photo galleries,
conduct surveys and polls
5
Examples
● WebGUI offers a server as a virtual appliance that runs on VMWare

● Allows them to publish content for cheap

6
Examples
● Open source and easy to change!

● Cheap and easy to setup!

7
8
Virtual Appliances
● A preconfigured software solution that makes it possible to package, maintain,
update and manage one or more virtual machines together as a single unit.

9
Comparison to a dishwasher
● Dishwasher integrates water sprayers, heating
coils, sensors and timers as a prepackaged
solution for washing and drying dishware

● VS

● Virtual
appliances allow virtual machines to work
together as an integrated, preconfigured
solution that provides an end-to-end service
such as email spam protection.

10
More explanation
● Pre-configured virtual machine image,
ready to run on a hypervisor
● Installation of a software appliance on a
virtual machine and packaging that into an
image creates a virtual appliance.
● Eliminate the installation, configuration and
maintenance costs associated with running
complex stacks of software.

11
How a Virtual Appliance works
● Let’s do math:
● Virtual Operating System + Software Application
= Virtual Appliance!!

12
How a Virtual Appliance works

13
How a Virtual Appliance works

14
Differences

15
Benefits of using Virtual Appliances
● Simplified deployment: encapsulated dependencies
● Free users from having to worry about resolving potentially complex OS
compatibility issues
● Improved isolation: In case of a crash

16
Benefits of using Virtual Appliances

17
Benefits for Software Developers and Appliance Vendors
● Simpler, more cost- effective and more secure way to deliver their
solutions to market

● Helping to reduce development and distribution costs

● Accelerate time to market, expand customer reach, and tighten control over
the security and quality of their products.

18
Benefits for Customers
● Reduce the cost of owning and operating software.

● Using preconfigured software-based solutions, customers can deploy

services more quickly, streamline management and administration tasks,
and leverage their virtual infrastructure as a strategic, standardized computing
platform for application delivery.

19
Examples

20
How to get one

21
How to get one

22
How to get one

23
How to get one

24
How to get one

25
How to get one
● https://marketplace.vmware.com/vsx/

26
How Virtualization Complements New - Generation Hardware
● Processors with 64-bit extensions supporting very large memory capacities

● Can host large, memory-intensive applications

● Allow many more virtual machines to be hosted by a physical server deployed

within a virtual infrastructure.

● Dual-core processor technology significantly benefits IT organizations by

dramatically lowering the costs of increased performance.

● Virtualization hardware assist enables robust virtualization of CPU and is more

efficient

27
Para-virtualization
● Operating system compatibility is traded off against performance for certain
CPU-bound applications running on systems without virtualization hardware assist

● Offers potential performance benefits when a guest operating system or

application is ‘aware’ that it is running within a virtualized environment, and
has been modified to exploit this.

Downside:
Modified guests cannot ever be migrated back to run on
physical hardware.

28
Cloud Computing

29
Cloud Computing
● As virtualization becomes pervasive, a common infrastructure is being laid
across datacenters and bridging corporate boundaries that will enable local
and remote resources to be combined securely into a single compute cloud.

30
Cloud Computing
● Enables companies to liberate themselves from the constraints imposed by
physical datacenters
● Run their businesses without the huge costs associated with over-
provisioning resources for peak demands, failover, or disaster recovery.

31
Why
● Resources are pooled across local datacenters and remote
compute clouds interchangeably, fluidly, and safely shared,
tracked, and charged-back to the user.

32
Why

33
Why

34
Quiz time!
● What are Virtual Appliances?

1.  Virtual Machines + Virtual OS

2.  Software Applications + Virtual OS

3.  Software Applications + Virtual Applications

4.  Virtual Machines + Software OS

35
Quiz time!
● What are Virtual Appliances?

1.  Virtual Machines + Virtual OS

2.  Software Applications + Virtual OS

3.  Software Applications + Virtual Applications

4.  Virtual Machines + Software OS

36
Quiz time!
● Why do Jack and Jill want to use a Virtual Appliance?

1.  Manages server and publishing for them

2.  Is open source and free to use

3.  Helps them automatically generate content

4.  Can be installed easily on a virtual machine

37
Quiz time!
● Why do Jack and Jill want to use a Virtual Appliance?

1.  Manages server and publishing for them

2.  Is open source and free to use

3.  Helps them automatically generate content

4.  Can be installed easily on a virtual machine

38
Quiz time!
● When do you want to use a Virtual Appliance?

1.  Cut costs

2.  Deploy faster

3.  Expand reach

4.  Greater security

39
Quiz time!
● When do you want to use a Virtual Appliance?

1.  Cut costs

2.  Deploy faster

3.  Expand reach

4.  Greater security

40
Next time: Laboratory

How to get your own Virtual

Appliances!

41
Next time…
● Cloud computing…..

42
Installing Virtual Appliances

Lab 2(lezione due)

Virtual Appliances
● A preconfigured software solution that makes it possible to package, maintain,
update and manage one or more virtual machines together as a single unit.

2
More explanation
● Pre-configured virtual machine image,
ready to run on a hypervisor
● Installation of a software appliance on a
virtual machine and packaging that into an
image creates a virtual appliance.
● Eliminate the installation, configuration and
maintenance costs associated with running
complex stacks of software.

3
How a Virtual Appliance works
● Let’s do math:
● Virtual Operating System + Software Application
= Virtual Appliance!!

4
How a Virtual Appliance works

5
Differences

6
Benefits of using Virtual Appliances

7
How to get one ( … a File Server, why not ?)
● https://www.turnkeylinux.org/fileserver
An “easy to use” File Server that combines Windows-compatible network file
sharing (Samba) with a Web Based File Manager over a TurnKey Core as
Guest OS = TurnKey File Server !
TurnKey Core is a Debian GNU/Linux …. Configured just like a J.E.OS !
TurnKey File Server includes support for SMB, SFTP, NFS, WebDAV and
rsync file transfer protocols. The server is configured to allow server users to
manage files in private or public storage. Based on Samba and WebDAV CGI.

8
How to get one …
It’s Free of Charge !
It’s light, only 360 Mb !!
It’s a Rock Steady Linux !!!

9
Let’s install the virtual appliance …
● Be sure that Oracle VM Virtual Box Application is installed on your computer, or
download and installed it (5 minutes) … Launch the VM Application !

● Download “TurnKey File Server” from the site (5 minutes) …

● Launch the .ova file from the folder in which you’ve released the file (5 minutes)
… The Virtual Appliance plugs itself in the VM desktop !

● Launch the VA from the VM desktop and configure the application with
teachers ..

10
Launching the virtual appliance …
● After previous actions, “TurnKey File Server” appears in the desktop of Oracle
VM Virtual Box Application …

● Without changes in parameters,

launch “TurnKey File Server” …

11
Launching the virtual appliance …
● After launch, “TurnKey File Server”
asks for some parametrizations …

12
Launching the virtual appliance …
● After launch, “TurnKey File Server”
asks for some parametrizations …

13
Launching the virtual appliance …

14
Launching the virtual appliance …

15
Launching the virtual appliance …

16
Launching the virtual appliance …

17
Next time … Let’s go to the Exams !

18