2254 - 1 - Page 1

Name: ____________________________________________

1) Four pieces of laboratory equipment are shown below. Which piece of equipment should be used to obtain the most accurate
measure of the volume of a liquid?

1) 2) 3) 4)

2) Which group of measurement units is correctly arranged in order of increasing size?

1) millimeter, micrometer, centimeter, meter 3) micrometer, millimeter, centimeter, meter
2) meter, micrometer, centimeter, millimeter 4) micrometer, centimeter, millimeter, meter
3) A student measured a larva using a metric ruler, as represented in the diagram below. What is the approximate length of the
larva?

1) 25 cm 2) 15 mm 3) 25 mm 4) 15 cm
4) What must a student do to obtain a volume of 12.5 milliliters of liquid in the graduated cylinder shown below?

1) Add 1.5 mL of liquid. 3) Remove 0.5 mL of liquid.

2) Add 0.5 mL of liquid. 4) Remove 1.5 mL of liquid.
Questions 5 and 6 refer to the following:

A student was using a microscope with a 10x eyepiece and 10x and 40x objective lenses. He viewed the edge of a metric ruler under
low power and observed the following field of vision.

5) What is the diameter of the low-power field of vision in micrometers?

1) 1,000 mm 2) 1 mm 3) 2 mm 4) 2,000 mm
 2254 - 1 - Page 2
6) The diameter of the high-power field of vision of the same microscope would be closest to
1) 0.05 mm 2) 5 mm 3) 500 mm 4) 0.5 mm
7) A student using a compound microscope measured the diameter of several red blood cells and found that the average cell length
was 0.008 millimeter. What is the average length of a single red blood cell in micrometers?
1) 8 2) 800 3) 80 4) 0.8
8) The diagram below shows a section of a metric ruler scale as seen through a compound light microscope. If each division
represents one millimeter (mm), what is the approximate width of the microscope's field of view in micrometers (mm)?

1) 4,500 mm 2) 3,700 mm 3) 4,200 mm 4) 5,000 mm

9) If the microscope's field of view represented by the diagram below measures 1,400 micrometers (mm) in diameter, what is the
approximate length of the microorganism within this field of view?

1) 250 mm 2) 1,000 mm 3) 150 mm 4) 600 mm

10) A student tossed a coin five times and observed four tails and one head as results. He concluded that when a coin is tossed,
there is an 80% chance of getting a tail and a 20% chance of getting a head.

This conclusion would be more valid if

1) a greater number of tosses had been used
2) the weight of the coin had been taken into consideration
3) only two tosses of the coin had been used
4) the surface on which the coin landed had been taken into consideration
11) Of the following, which instrument is most commonly used to observe the external features of a grasshopper's abdomen?
1) electron microscope 3) dissecting microscope
2) ultracentrifuge 4) microdissection instrument
12) The structure of a cell nucleus would be seen in the greatest detail by use of
1) a compound light microscope 3) an ultracentrifuge
2) an electron microscope 4) a dissecting microscope
13) A slide of the letters F and R is placed on the stage of a microscope in the position shown in the diagram below.

How would the image of the letters appear when the slide is viewed under the low power of a compound microscope?
1) 2) 3) 4)
 2254 - 1 - Page 3
14) A student prepared two slides. One was a wet mount of onion tissue. The other was a wet mount of the letter "f" which the
student placed on the microscope stage in the position shown in the diagram below.

After viewing both slides through the compound microscope, the student drew the images observed. The student's diagrams
would most closely resemble which two diagrams shown below?

1) B and D 2) B and C 3) A and C 4) A and D

15) The diagram below represents a single layer of cells as seen in the low power (110x) field of a compound light microscope. If kept
in this layer, what is the total number of these cells that could be viewed in the high power (400x) visual field of this microscope?

1) 2 2) 8 3) 1 4) 32
16) Which organelles can be observed only with the aid of an electron microscope?
1) cell walls 2) chloroplasts 3) nuclei 4) ribosomes
17) Which instrument could be used to prepare a slide of xylem and phloem tissue for observation with a compound light
microscope?
1) a graduated cylinder 3) a scalpel
2) an ultracentrifuge 4) a balance
18) The diagram below represents a microscope field that has a diameter of 2.5 millimeters. A protist is shown in this microscope field.
Which action would center the specimen in the field of view?

1) Move the slide 1 mm to the left toward A. 3) Move the slide 2.5 mm to the left toward A.
2) Move the slide 1 mm to the right toward B. 4) Move the slide 2.5 mm to the right toward B.
19) Which statement best explains why a living organism in a wet mount moves into and out of focus within the field of view of a
microscope?
1) The eyepiece is too far from the wet mount.
2) The stage clips are too tight.
3) The opening in the diaphragm is too large.
4) The organism moves to different levels in the wet mount.
 2254 - 1 - Page 4
Questions 20 and 21 refer to the following:

20) While viewing a specimen under high power, a student noticed that the specimen was out of focus. Which part of the
microscope should the student use to obtain a clearer image?
1) A 2) B 3) C 4) D
21) The highest possible magnification that can be obtained when using this microscope is
1) 40x 2) 400x 3) 4,000x 4) 100x
22) A microscope objective is changed from high power (40x) to low power (10x) and a tissue sample is brought into focus.
Compared to the number of cells observed under high power, the number of cell observed under low power would be
1) greater 2) less 3) the same
23) A student viewing a specimen under low power of a compound light microscope switched to high power and noticed that the
field of view darkened considerably. Which microscope part should the student adjust to brighten the field of view?
1) fine adjustment 2) eyepiece 3) coarse adjustment 4) diaphragm
24) Which part of a light microscope would most likely be damaged if the coarse adjustment is improperly used while a specimen is
being observed under high power?
1) light source 2) eyepiece lens 3) objective lens 4) iris diaphragm
25) Which objective of a compound microscope would show the largest field of view?
1) 10x 2) 5x 3) 44x 4) 20x
26) To locate a specimen on a prepared slide with a compound microscope, a student should begin with the low-power objective
rather than the high-power objective because the
1) field of vision is larger under low power than under high power
2) specimen does not need to be stained for observation under low power but must be stained for observation under high
power
3) amount of the specimen that can be observed under low power is less than the amount that can be observed under high
power
4) field of vision is smaller under low power than under high power
Questions 27 and 28 refer to the following:

The diagrams below represent wet mount microscope slides of fresh potato tissue.
 2254 - 1 - Page 5
27) The formation of air bubbles on slide A could have been prevented by
1) using a longer piece of potato and a cover slip with holes in it
2) using a thicker piece of potato and less water
3) holding the cover slip parallel to the slide and dropping it directly onto the potato
4) bringing one edge of the cover slip into contact with the water and lowering the opposite edge slowly
28) A drop of stain is put in contact with the left edge of the cover slip on slide B, and a piece of absorbent paper is placed in contact
with the right edge of the cover slip. What is the purpose of this procedure?
1) It helps increase the osmotic pressure of the solution.
2) It prevents the water on the slide from penetrating the potato tissue.
3) It allows the stain to penetrate the potato tissue without the removal of the cover slip.
4) It prevents the stain from getting on the ocular of the microscope.
29) Twelve bean plants were used to study the effect of nutrients on the rate of plant growth. All the plants used in this
investigation were initially the same height. Starting on day 1, six of the bean plants (Group A) were given 30 milliliters of distilled
water every day for seven consecutive days. Starting on the same day, the other six bean plants (Group B) were given
30 milliliters of distilled water containing 0.1 gram of fertilizer every day for seven consecutive days. The average daily change in
the height of the plants in each group is shown in the data table below.

A variable in this investigation was the

1) amount of nutrient fed to each group of bean plants 3) amount of water given daily to each plant
2) number of bean plants in each group 4) initial height of each bean plant
30) In an investigation of the cycling of environmental gases, a student placed water and bromthymol blue in each of four test tubes
as shown in the diagrams below. No additional items were placed in tube 1, a snail was placed in tube 2, an aquatic plant (elodea)
was placed in tube 3, and both a snail and an elodea were placed in tube 4. The tubes were then stoppered and placed in bright
light for 24 hours.

The function of tube 1 in this investigation is to

1) determine the amount of gases in the water 3) serve as a control
2) demonstrate the transparency of the solution 4) detect the presence of glucose
 2254 - 1 - Page 6
Questions 31 and 32 refer to the following:

An investigation was conducted to observe the effects of glucose ingestion on glucose concentration in the blood. An animal was fed
10 milliliters of a glucose solution. At five different times following ingestion of the solution, the blood glucose concentration was
determined and the results were recorded in the data table below.

31) A variable in this investigation is the

1) amount of ingested 3) size of the animal
2) time the blood sample was taken 4) size of blood samples taken
32) During which interval of time after glucose ingestion did the greatest drop in glucose concentration in the blood occur?
1) 30-60 minutes 2) 60-90 minutes 3) 120-180 minutes 4) 0-30 minutes
33) An investigation was performed to estimate the amount of absorption of different wavelengths (nanometers) of light by a
photosynthetic organism. The following data were collected:

550 nanometers, 40% absorption;

450 nanometers, 85% absorption;
650 nanometers, 70% absorption;
500 nanometers, 60% absorption;
600 nanometers, 50% absorption

Which inference is best supported by the data collected?

1) Increasing the wavelength of light will always increase the rate of photosynthesis.
2) The rate of photosynthesis is greatest when the photosynthetic organism is exposed to a light wavelength of
550 nanometers.
3) The 450-nanometer wavelength corresponds to green light used in photosynthesis.
4) The 550-nanometer wavelength is probably not very effective for photosynthesis.
34) In one of his experiments with pea plants, Mendel noted that 75% of the offspring of a certain cross had green pea pods. This
statement would be considered
1) an inference 2) an observation 3) a hypothesis 4) a conclusion
35) An organism was kept at a temperature of 40DC for a period of 2 weeks. At the end of that time, the investigator determined that
the organism was sterile. To support the hypothesis that high temperatures cause sterility, the investigator should be able to
show that the
1) high temperature did not alter the blood pressure of the organism
2) organism was homozygous for temperature sensitivity
3) organism was not sterile before the experimental period began
4) pituitary gland of the organism had not degenerated
 2254 - 1 - Page 7
Questions 36 and 37 refer to the following:

Equal amounts of a mixture of yeast and water were placed in each of four different test tubes. One of four different sugars, A, B, C, or
D, was added to each test tube in equal concentration. The volume of CO2 liberated from each solution was measured every few
minutes and the data were plotted on the graph as shown below.

36) Which sugar solution was the first to liberate a measurable volume of CO2 ?
1) A 2) B 3) C 4) D
37) After how many minutes was the volume of CO2 liberated from sugar A solution equal to the volume of CO2 liberated from
sugar B solution?
1) 20 2) 10 3) 5 4) 25
Questions 38 through 40 refer to the following:

The graph below illustrates a comparison between pH conditions and species survival rates in certain Adirondack lakes.

38) Which species can tolerate the highest level of acidity in its water environment?
1) mussels 2) smallmouth bass 3) brown trout 4) lake trout
 2254 - 1 - Page 8
39) In the years between 1880 and 1980, which species would most likely have been eliminated first due to the gradual acidification of
Adirondack lakes?
1) lake trout 2) mussels 3) brown trout 4) smallmouth bass
40) What is the total change in the pH value of the rainwater from 1880 to 1980?
1) 1.7 2) 9.7 3) 5.3 4) 1.3
Questions 41 through 43 refer to the following:

Several drops of concentrated pigment extract obtained from spinach leaves were placed at the bottom of a strip of highly absorbent
paper. When the extract dried, the paper was suspended in a test tube containing solvent so that only the tip of the paper was in the
solvent. As the solvent was absorbed and moved up the paper, the various pigments contained within the extract became visible as
shown in the diagram below.

41) A valid conclusion that can be drawn from this information is that spinach leaves
1) use only chlorophyll during photosynthesis 3) contain pigments in addition to chlorophyll
2) contain more orange pigment than yellow pigment 4) are yellow orange rather than green
42) The technique used to separate the parts of the extract in the diagram is known as
1) ultracentrifuging 2) microdissection 3) chromatography 4) staining
43) In which organelle would most of the pigments be found?
1) centrioles 2) chloroplast 3) mitochondria 4) nucleus
44) As part of a laboratory experiment, a thin slice of peeled raw potato weighing 100 grams is placed in an oven at 80DC. After
5 hours, the potato sample is removed from the oven and weighed again. The purpose of this experiment might be to
1) determine the water content of potato tissue 3) test for the presence of starch in living tissues
2) study the rate of transpiration in potatoes 4) isolate cells in various stages of mitotic division
 2254 - 1 - Page 9

45)

Which statement describes two unsafe laboratory practices represented in the diagram above?
1) The flame is too high and the test tube is unstoppered.
2) The beaker has water in it and the flame is under the tripod.
3) The test tube is unstoppered and the student is not wearing goggles.
4) The opening of the test tube is pointed toward the student and the student is not wearing goggles.
Questions 46 and 47 refer to the following:

The following four sets listed below are of laboratory materials.

SET A
d Light source d Beaker
d Colored filter d Test tube stand
d Test tubes

SET B
d Droppers d Test tubes
d Benedict's solution d Starch solution
d Iodine d Sugar solution
d Test tube holder d Goggles
d Test tube rack d Heat source

SET C
d Scalpel d Forceps
d Pan with wax bottom d Pins
d Stereomicroscope d Scissors
d Goggles

SET D
d Glass slides d Water
d Forceps d Compound light microscope
46) Which set should a student select to determine the location of the aortic arches in the earthworm?

47) Which set should a student use to observe chloroplasts in elodea (a green waterplant)?
 2254 - 1 - Page 10
Questions 48 through 50 refer to the following:

An investigation was designed to determine the effect of temperature on respiration in germinating seeds. Two sets of test tubes were
prepared. In each set of two tubes, one tube contained a number of germinating peas and the other tube contained an equal number of
glass beads. An equal amount of a chemical was placed in each tube to absorb carbon dioxide so that the volume of oxygen consumed
could be measured. One set of tubes was placed in a controlled-temperature water bath at 10DC. The other set of tubes was placed in a
controlled-temperature water bath at 26DC. Total oxygen consumption was measured every 5 minutes for a period of 20 minutes. The
data are summarized in the data table below.

48) Using the information in the data table, construct a line graph following the directions below.

(a) Mark an appropriate scale on each axis.

(b) Label each axis and indicate the units.
(c) Plot the data for oxygen consumption by peas at 10DC on the grid. Surround each point with a small circle and connect the
points.
EXAMPLE:
(d) Plot the data for oxygen consumption by peas at 26DC on the grid. Surround each point with a small triangle and connect
the points.
EXAMPLE:

49) Using one or more complete sentences, state one conclusion that relates the rate of respiration in germinating peas to
temperature.

50) Using one or more complete sentences, state one reason for including the tube containing the glass beads in each set.