Professional Documents
Culture Documents
Novel Approach of Cooling Requirements Calculations in Non-Residential Buildings According To Greek Building Energy Codes
Novel Approach of Cooling Requirements Calculations in Non-Residential Buildings According To Greek Building Energy Codes
calculations in Non-Residential
Energy Codes
ikoron@cres.gr
Abstract
Building Energy Codes need optimum procedures for estimating energy requirements of residential and non-
residential buildings. Due to the difference of energy needs and operational modes between the above use of
buildings there are different calculation procedures for estimating heating and cooling energy consumption.
Calculations of energy requirements for space heating are based, for the majority of building regulations of
European countries, on the European Standard EN832 while for space cooling the approach is different due to
the lack of an integrated methodology approximate to the methodology for the calculation of space heating.
The present paper presents a similar to the heating methodology approach for the calculation of the cooling
demand in various non-residential buildings.
Conference topic : case study
Keywords : Cooling load demand, utilization factor, time constant
2
The monthly energy demand for space Having calculated the values of the utilization
cooling will be calculated by the factor for cooling, as well as the corresponding
following equation: gain to loss ratio values of various types and uses
of non-residential buildings, in all climatic zones
Q c =Q l−ηQG of Greece, a statistical analysis was performed on
(18) the above data.
where: Ql expresses the sum of
internal gains and solar gains through Similar to heating load analysis, an
all the building elements [MJ/month], exponential regression of the first
QG expresses ventilation heat gains order was used to find the relationship
when the external air temperature is between the utilization factor for
cooling and the gain to loss ratio
lower than the reference temperature
according to Equation 18. The
[MJ/month] regression lines and equations are
given for each use of non-residential
building and climatic zone in the
SIMULATION PROCEDURE FOR Figures 2 through 17.
ESTIMATING THE UTILIZATION
FACTOR FOR COOLING OF VARIOUS CASE STUDY
BUILDING TYPES AND USES
In order to compare the model
The analytical procedure described equations with the dynamic tool of
above is employed with suitable TRNSYS 14.2, a hotel building of four
improvements and modifications to floors with twenty rooms per floor and
account for the needs of the present a total surface of 2000 m2 is considered.
study in order to ease the calculation The building is located in the climatic zone A
procedure of the cooling demand for and the 30% of each façade is composed by
large scale non-residential buildings. windows of double panes and of overall heat
The method uses the results of the transfer coefficient of 3.8 W m-2 K-1 while the
walls have U=0.7 W m -2 K-1. Daily data
simulation procedure with the input
that where taken into consideration during the
Table 4.Daily Data of the Simulated Office Buildings
4 Novel approach of cooling requirements calculations in Non-Residential Buildings according to
OFFICE BUILDINGS HOUR
1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 11 12 13 14 15 16 17 18 19 20 21 22 23 24
COOLING
Monday – Friday 36 36 36 36 36 36 30 26 26 26 26 26 26 26 26 26 26 26 26 26 26 36 36 36
Saturday 36 36 36 36 36 36 30 26 26 26 26 26 26 26 36 36 36 36 36 36 36 36 36 36
Greek Building
Sunday Energy Codes
36 36 36 36 36 36 36 36 36 36 36 36 36 36 36 36 36 36 36 36 36 36 36 36
LIGHTING (%)
Monday – Friday 5 5 5 5 5 5 5 90 90 80 80 80 80 80 80 90 90 90 90 90 20 20 5 5
Saturday 5 5 5 5 5 5 5 90 90 80 80 80 80 80 5 5 5 5 5 5 5 5 5 5
Sunday 5 5 5 5 5 5 5 5 5 5 5 5 5 5 5 5 5 5 5 5 5 5 5 5
ELECTRICAL USES (%)
Monday – Friday 5 5 5 5 5 5 5 80 80 80 80 80 80 80 80 90 90 90 90 90 20 20 5 5
Saturday 5 5 5 5 5 5 5 80 80 80 75 75 75 75 5 5 5 5 5 5 5 5 5 5
Sunday 5 5 5 5 5 5 5 5 5 5 5 5 5 5 5 5 5 5 5 5 5 5 5 5
COOLING
C 0.5 0.45, 0.4 2.8 1.4 30 60% / 0.7, 1 6ach -40%.
MondayD –0.4 24 0.35,
24 24 24 0.3
24 24 24 2.8 24 24 1.4 24 3024 60% 24 / 24 240.7, 241 246ach
24 24 24 24-40% 24 24 24 24
Saturday
Α 0.7 24 0.65,
24 24 24 0.6
24 24 24 3.8 24 24 2.8 24 3024 60% 24 24 240.7, 241 24ROOMS
24 24 24 24-20%
: 8 ach 24 24 24 24
TALS
ELECTRIC
C 0.5 0.45, 0.4 2.8 1.4 30 60% 0.7, 1 2ach -20%
MondayD –0.4 80 0.35,
80 80 80 0.3
80 10 10 2.8 100 100
1.4 10030100 60% 100 100 100 100
0.7, 1 100 100 10 10 100
2ach 100 80 80
-20% 80
Saturday
Α 0.7 80 80 80 80 0.680 10 10 3.8 100 100
2.8 10030100 60% 100 / 100 100 100
0.7, 1 100 100 10 10 100
6ach 100 80 80
-20% 80
SundayΒ 0.6 80 80 80 80 0.580 10 10 3.8 100 100
2.8 10030100 60% 100 / 100 100 100
0.7, 1 100 100 10 10 100
6ach 100 80 80
-20% 80
C 0.5 0.4 2.8 1.4 30 60% / 0.7, 1 6ach -20%
D 0.4 0.3 2.8 1.4 30 60% / 0.7, 1 6ach -20%
5
Figure 3.Utilization factor of Office Buildings in climatic
zone B after the use of simulation procedure
Figure 4.Utilization factor of Office Buildings in climatic
zone C after the use of simulation procedure
Figure 5.Utilization factor of Office Buildings in climatic Figure 6.Utilization factor of Commercial Buildings in
zone D after the use of simulation procedure climatic zone A after the use of simulation procedure
Figure 11.Utilization factor of Hospital Buildings in Figure 12.Utilization factor of Hospital Buildings in
climatic zone B after the use of simulation procedure climatic zone C after the use of simulation procedure
6 Novel approach of cooling requirements calculations in Non-Residential Buildings according to
Figure 15.Utilization factor of Hotel Buildings in climatic
zone B after the use of simulation procedure
CONCLUSIONS
The described calculation procedure based on the Figure 16.Utilization factor of Hotel Buildings in climatic
European Standard EN 832 is an approximate zone C after the use of simulation procedure
method but it has been shown that it could
estimate the overall energy requirement for space
cooling quite sufficiently.