Troubleshooting John Deere 510D
Symptom
Slow or jerky operation
Oil leaks
Difficult to connect hydraulic
coupler
Insufficient lift capacity
Symptom
Loader functions do not correspond Improperly connected hydraulic
to control lever(s) movement
Cylinders inoperative
Problem
Cold hydraulic oil.
Low hydraulic oil.
Poor oil circulation.
Engine speed too slow.
Internal cylinder leakage.
Faulty tractor hydraulic
system.
Faulty quick-connect coupler
(if equipped).
Overfilling bucket or
attachment.
Defective fitting or hoses.
Loose connections.
Worn or damaged O-ring or
wiper seal in cylinder rod end.
Hydraulic system pressurized.
Load is greater than loader lift
capacity.
Internal lift cylinder leakage.
Problem
hoses.
Hose improperly connected.
Solution
Run engine and cycle loader.
Use low viscosity hydraulic oil in cold
weather. (See your tractor Operator's Manual
or your John Deere dealer.)
See tractor Operator's Manual.
Check transmission/hydraulic oil filter.
Increase engine speed.
Test cylinders for internal leaks. Install
cylinder repair kit. (See your John Deere
dealer.)
See your John Deere dealer.
See your John Deere dealer.
Reduce load.
Replace defective parts. (See your John Deere
dealer.)
Tighten fittings. (See TIGHTENING
PROCEDURE FOR FITTINGS in Service
section.)
Install cylinder repair kit. (See your John
Deere dealer.)
Relieve pressure.
See Specifications section.
Install cylinder repair kit. (See your John
Deere dealer.)
OUO6077,0001626 -19-21OCT02-1/2
Solution
Connect hydraulic hoses correctly.
(See IDENTIFYING HOSE
CONNECTIONS in Service
section.)
Connect hoses correctly. (See

Bucket tines bend or break
Excessive wear on bucket cutting
edge and wear pads
Excessive wear on bucket cutting
edge
Bucket or loader drifts down from
raised position
Identifying Hose Connections-5000 and 5000
TEN Series Tractors
Loader Hoses
IDENTIFYING HOSE
CONNECTIONS in Service
section.)
Defective quick-connect coupler (if See your John Deere dealer.
equipped).
Only a few tines were under load. Be sure three or more tines are
under load.
Not using FLOAT position. Use FLOAT position. (See USING
FLOAT in Controls section.)
Bucket is riding on cutting edge Use bucket level indicator to ensure
instead of wear pads. bucket rides on wear pads. (See
Attachments section.)
Leak in hydraulic circuit. Tighten fittings. (See
TIGHTENING PROCEDURE FOR
FITTINGS in Service section.)
Worn or Damaged O-rings in Repair SCV or ICV. (See your John
Tractor Selective Control Valve Deere dealer.)
(SCV) or Independent Control
Valve (ICV) (if equipped).
Internal leakage in loader cylinders. Install cylinder repair kit. (See your
John Deere dealer.)
ICV Hoses (If Equipped)
 Separated Couplers Stacked Couplers

CAUTION: Help prevent personal injury caused

by unexpected loader movement. Anticipated loader
movement responds to control levers only if hoses are
connected to tractor selective control valves as shown.

Key Dust Cap Symbol Hydraulic Function

Color Reference
Bucket Cylinder-Head
A Yellow II (retract)
End
Mid-Mount Couplers
Bucket Cylinder-Rod
B Black II (extend)
End
C Blue I (extend) Lift Cylinder-Head End
D Red I (retract) Lift Cylinder-Rod End

OUO6038,0001A76 -19-13NOV03-1/1

John Deere 510D backhoe

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Author
Stanley Kelember
09-18-2004
I have a JD 510 D backhoe.I downloaded specs from JD website and my machine is
06:58:15
very diffrent.Seriel#4270 DR 02 301168RO Deere lists diffrent engine turbocharged
mine not turbo.Deere lists 1 hyd.cyl on bucket roll and steering mine has 2 on
each.Deere lists screw on filters mine has cannister type.Have I got an oddball or
what.I bought this machine at auction and engine was stuck.Have since compleyely
Report to rebuilt engine,then had to get a new injection pump.Finally engine runs great.But no
Moderator movement of tractor and no hydraulic.When first started some very slow hydraulic
then nothing.Any help would sure be appreciated.Thanks.Stan
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Roy Suomi Re: John Deere 510D backhoe in reply to Stanley Kelember, 09-18-2004
09-18-2004 06:58:15
21:26:45
Your 510D is a straight 510. The D designates Des Beuke Iowa.. Hows that for
spelling????Check to see if the clutch lever on the left side of dashboard is pulled in
the rearward position. If so release the lever with button on dash so lever goes
Report to forward to engage clutch. Hope it helps R.S.
Moderator

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Jonathan in MA Re: John Deere 510D backhoe in reply to Stanley Kelember, 09-18-2004
09-18-2004 06:58:15
20:05:50
Must be a 510 ...not a 510D ...very different machines...by the sound of it , It sounds
like you are a poster child for why not to buy unknown machines at auction. if it
was seized and now the transmission is bad , they should have paid you to haul it
Report to away... if its a transmission problem like it sounds like , or started as a transmission
Moderator problem and now is also a hydraulic pump problem , maybe its time you cut your
losses and part it out....8 speed powershift transmission ??and they did have a 4
cylinder 270 c/i engine which you mentioned in the serial numbers... a 510D has a 4
speed transmission with a reverser and torque converter...510D's were built in the
early to mid 90's...straight 510's as you describe were built long before that ...i forget
exactly...70's vintage..There may be hope though...is the clutch disconnect lever
engaged?? I think it was on the left side of the console...maybe right side? its been
awhile ...that disconnects the transmission completely which also disconnects the
transmission pump that feeds the main hydraulic pump...did you remove the canister
filters ??? what was in there?? any metal present???

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Stanley Kelember Re: John Deere 510D backhoe in reply to Jonathan in MA, 09-18-2004
09-19-2004 20:05:50
02:39:45
Changed filters and transmission works OK.Sludge in filter from setting 3 years.But
hydraulics very slow on backhoe and none on loader.I know there is a screen on the
intake of the transmission pump but do not for sure its location.There has been
Report to diffrent posts on this forum for screen location but they were for a 410.On left lower
Moderator there are 2 hose connections and must be one of them but which one?Any ideas.Stan

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Jonathan in MA Re: John Deere 510D backhoe in reply to Stanley Kelember, 09-19-2004
09-19-2004 02:39:45
04:36:38
 There should be a plug on the side of the transmission case..on the same side as the
filter canisters...it is located on the opposite side of the transmission case where a
tube and elbow are bolted into the case. Thats where the suction screen is...what was
Report to
Moderator
the "sludge" composed of ?? metallic looking ?? does it drive ?? there is a tow
disconnect lever on those..its located forward of the right axle housing on the top.
Difficult to get at , but it disconnects the transmission for towing.