filologia

Tamar abulaZe

samecniero Sinaarsis qarTuli xelnawerebi

da aRmosavluri kulturuli tradicia1

tradiciulad, islamuri mecniereba uZvelesi codnisa da mecnieruli

miRwevebis Semkreb fenomenad ganixileba (Russel 1945). mecnierTa erTi
jgufis azriT (robert brifolti, vil durani, qazem ajrami, muhamed
iybali, filding h. garisoni da sxvebi), muslimma swavlulebma safuZveli
daudes Tanmedrove mecnierebas adreuli mecnieruli meTodebis ganvi-
Tarebis, mecnierebis moTxovnebTan empiriuli da raodenobrivi maCvene-
blebiT maqsimalurad miaxloebis safuZvelze (rozana gorini). evropuli
mecniereba ki, romelic daefuZna sxvadasxva civilizaciis monapovars,
warmoadgens Sua saukuneebis teqnologiebisa da berZnuli naazrevis
erTgvar nazavs (Lach 1977: 397).
am SexedulebaTa gamaerTianebel Tezad SeiZleba miviCnioT edvard
grantis Tvalsazrisi imis Sesaxeb, rom, zogadad, Tanamedrove mecnier-
eba Seiqmna elinuri, islamuri da laTinuri civilizaciebis miRwevaTa
Sejerebis safuZvelze (Grant 1966).
mecnierebis sistematizaciisa da codnis sxvadasxva kulturaSi
transformaciis TvalsazrisiT gansakuTrebuli roli Seasrules Sua
saukuneebis moazrovneebma, romelTa fuZemdeblurma Sromebma gaaerTi-
anes civilizaciaTa monapovari da misces biZgi `axali mecnierebis~ gan-
viTarebas.
Sua saukuneebis mecniereba am periodSi Seqmnili `kompleqsuri civi-
lizaciis~ (Stock 1980: 236) ganuyofeli, progresuli da dinamikuri nawil-
ia. am periodSi mecnieruli azris mTavari mimarTuleba da umTavresi
miRwevac empirizmisa da eqsperimentuli sulis damkvidrebaa, rac, up-

moxseneba wakiTxulia I saerTaSoriso simpoziumze `qarTuli xelnaweri~

1

(xelnawerTa erovnuli centri, 2009 wlis 19-25 oqtomberi).

15
Tamar abulaZe

irvelesad, muslimuri aRmosavleTis `oqros xanas~, muslimi mecnier-

ebis naSromebs ukavSirdeba (Briffault 1928: 190-200), mecnierebis sxvadasxva
dargs ganekuTvneba da warmoadgens xids Zvel da Tanamedrove codnas
Soris (Lodge 1893).
am periodis muslimuri mecniereba dasavlur-aRmosavluri kultu-
ruli memkvidreobis gamaerTianebeli fenomenia, romlis Seqmna ram-
denime faqtoriT iyo ganpirobebuli: iTargmneboda berZnuli teqstebi
egviptidan da bizantiidan, sanskrituli teqstebi – indoeTidan da fa-
lauri – iranidan, rac qmnida nayofier niadags mecnierebis Semdgomi
ganviTarebisaTvis; sakmaod did geografiul arealSi gamoiyeneboda
erTi sakomunikacio ena – arabuli, rac aadvilebda sxvadasxva region-
is mecnierTa naazrevis aTvisebas mTel aRmosavleTSi; muslimuri haji
meqaSi Tavs uyrida mTeli islamuri samyaros moazrovneebs, xels uwyo-
bda ideaTa gavrcelebasa da mecnierTa urTierTTanamSromlobas (Science
in Asia and Africa).
Sua saukuneebis originalur arabulenovan SromebSi, agreTve Targ-
manebsa da gadamuSavebebSi aisaxeba berZen avtorTa – aristoteles,
evklides, ptolomes, galenis, agreTve iraneli da indoeli mecnierebis
Txzulebebis mkafio kvali. am Sromebs dasavleTi gaecno XI-XII sauku-
neebSi arabulidan Sesrulebuli laTinuri Targmanebis saSualebiT,
romlebmac didi wvlili Seitanes axali, `teqnologiuri~ mecnierebis
ganviTarebaSi da mniSvnelovanwilad gansazRvres evropuli renesansi
(Виппер 1947: 129-130).
Sua saukuneebis mecnierebis kvlevisas evropel da muslim mecnierTa
SromebSi, faqtiobriv, ar aris gaTvaliswinebuli qarTuli mecnierebis,
rogorc am urTierTgavlenebis amsaxveli movlenis, Taviseburebebi: am
periodis qarTuli mecniereba emyareboda mravalsaukunovan erovnul
tradicias da, politikuri antagonizmis miuxedavad, SemoqmedebiTad
iTvisebda elinur-bizantiur da aRmosavlur kulturaTa miRwevebs; man
moicva, SeiTvisa da Semoinaxa mecnieruli azris ganviTarebis yvela Zir-
iTadi, saetapo mniSvnelobis faqti da asaxa dasavlur da aRmosavlur
kulturaTa Serwymisa da urTierTgamdidrebis Sedegebi, rac araerTx-
elaa aRniSnuli qarTvel mecnierTa SromebSi (l. kotetiSvilis, m. Senge-
lias, r. Cagunavas, e. xaraZis, a. Cxenkelis, d. cxakaias da sxvaTa Sromebi).
gvian Sua saukuneebSi Zireulad Seicvala saqarTvelos istoriuli
ganviTarebis xazi. konstantinopolis, rogorc qristianuli aRmosavle-
Tis dedaqalaqis, dacemas mohyva wina aziasa da evropas Soris ekonomi-
kur, politikur da kulturul urTierTobaTa sruli gardaqmna. saqarT-
velo droebiT mowyvetili aRmoCnda evropisagan da islamuri samyaros
gavlenis qveS moeqca (berZeniSvili 1974: 237). zemoTqmuli upirvelesad

16
 samecniero Sinaarsis qarTuli xelnawerebi...

qveynis uaxloes mezobelTan, iranTan, urTierTobas gulisxmobs. gavlen-

ebma mniSvnelovani kvali daamCnia qarTveli eris kulturuli cxovrebis
yvela sferos – literaturuls, enobrivs, mxatvrulsa da mecnieruls.
aRmosavluri da dasavluri mecnierebis kvali Cans qarTul samecni-
ero TxzulebebSi, romelTagan zogierTi uSualod Targmans, xolo zogi
– `gardaTqma~ – gadamuSavebas warmoadgens. mdidari tradiciebis mqone
qarTuli mecniereba Sua saukuneebSi istoriuli bedukuRmarTobisa da
misgan gamowveuli Sedegebis gamo CamorCa msoflio mecnierebis dones,
zogierTma dargma saerTod Sewyvita arseboba. XVI-XVIII saukuneebSi, `qar-
Tuli ganmanaTleblobis~ periodSi, uaRresad aqtualuri gaxda qar-
Tuli mecnierebis aRorZineba arsebul tradiciebze dayrdnobiT, maTi
gamdidrebiT, sazogadoebis dainteresebul nawilSi zogadi Teoriuli
safuZvlebis SetaniTa da garkveuli praqtikuli Cvevebis aRdgeniT. iv.
javaxiSvili am periods `enciklopediur xanas~ uwodebs, rodesac `yvela
imdroindeli moRvawis azri da goneba iqiTken iyo mimarTuli, rom qarT-
veli xalxis SemoqmedebiTi niWis mravali saukunis namuSevari da naWir-
naxulevi SeekribaT, SeeswavlaT da CamomavlobisaTvis damTavrebuli,
yovelmxrivi... codna gadaecaT~ (javaxiSvili 1937: 399).
aRniSnuli tendenciebi TvalsaCinod aisaxeba qarTul siZveleT-
sacavebSi dacul qarTul originalur da aRmosavluri wyaroebidan
momdinare samecniero TxzulebebSi, xelnawerebSi, romelTa mniSvnelo-
ba, rogorc pirvelwyaroebisa, uaRresad didia. qarTvel moRvaweTa es
Sromebi Seicavs mdidar masalas qarTul-aRmosavluri kulturuli ur-
TierTobebis Sesaswavlad, warmoaCens qarTveli moazrovneebis, mTargm-
nelebisa da `gardamTqmelebis~ rols Sua saukuneebis mecnieruli azris
formirebaSi da maT saganmanaTleblo mizandasaxulobas. maTi kvleva
mecnierebis da, zogadad, kulturis istoriis kuTxiT naTlad war-
moaCens axlo aRmosavleTis erTiani kulturuli arealis ganviTarebis
zogad mimarTulebebs.
Sua saukuneebSi Seqmnili qarTuli Targmanebi da gadamuSavebebi
ganekuTvneba mecnierebis sxvadasxva dargs da, xSir SemTxvevaSi, sparsul
wyaroebs, cnobili aRmosavleli swavlulebis (uluRbegis, nasir ed-din
tusis, ar-razis da sxv.) Sromebs da im periodSi miRebul aRmosavlur
sqemebs ukavSirdeba. isini Semdeg dargebs ganekuTvneba: astronomia/
astrologia, kosmogonia, kalendaruli masala; medicina/biologia/far-
macevtika; qimia, fizika, maTematika; mineralogia, geologia; geografia.
XVI saukunidan iqmneba Sereuli tipis xelnaweri krebulebi, e. w. `sa-
magido wignebi,~ romlebic Seicavs, erTi SexedviT, SeuTavsebad masalas
rogorc Sinaarsobrivi TvalsazrisiT, ise warmomavlobis mxriv. magali-
Tad, xelnawerTa erovnul centrSi daculi XVIII saukunis xelnaweri

17
Tamar abulaZe

krebuli H-1283, romelic sasuliero piris, amvrosi nekreselis (1728-

1815 ww., mitropoliti, cnobili mqadagebeli, misioneri da moRvawe),
krebulis saxeliTaa cnobili, Seicavs rogorc hagiografiul masalasa
da bibliur Txrobebs, agreTve varskvlavTmricxvelobis wigns, saetlo-
samTvariosa da samkurnalo rCeva-darigebebs, romlebic aRmosavlur
sqemazea agebuli. am tipis krebulebia: H-2955, A-1448, agreTve yanCaeTis
Jamn-gulani (H-1452) da sxv.
gansakuTrebiT sainteresoa qarTuli kurTxevani aRniSnuli Tvals-
azrisiT. am mravali Tavisagan Semdgar literaturul krebulebSi Ti-
Toeuli Tavi kurTxevas, anu dalocvas, warmoadgens. dalocva exeba
adamianis cxovrebis yvela mniSvnelovan moments, maT Soris – sneulTa
gankurnebas, agreTve Sinauri pirutyvisa Tu baR-bostnis kurTxevas,
locvebs stiqiuri ubedurebisagan dasacavad da mosavlianobisa da sas-
urveli amindis gamosaTxovad (koWlamazaSvili 2007: 359-361). Sesabamisad,
am saritualo Sinaarsis teqstebs bunebrivad erToda samecniero, xSir-
ad magiuri daniSnulebis monakveTebi. es ZiriTadad exeba gamokrebil
kurTxevans, romlebic iqmneboda sxvadasxva mizandasaxulobiT, rac maT
did mravalferovnebas ganapirobebda (erovnuli centris xelnawerebi:
H-1332, A-1110, A-294, A-306, Q-611).
arsebobda Sereuli, saRvTismetyvelo da samecniero teqstebis Sem-
cveli sparsuli krebulebic. erT-erTi aseTi xelnaweria erovnuli
centris aRmosavluri koleqciis nusxa – ucnobi avtoris (avtorTa)
Txzulebebis Semcveli buxaruli xelnaweri krebuli PAC-575, sadac
warmodgenilia mokle maTematikuri Sinaarsis statiebi da, amave dros,
Teologiuri masalac – leqsebi da statiebi. aseve, krebuli PAC-752,
romelic 13 nawilisagan Sedgeba da Seicavs ‘ansaris, zaqaria ar-razis
(qimiuri Sinaarsis paragrafebi), ‘amad ed-din mahmud Sirazis, iusuf
yarabaRis, mola jamisa da sxva avtorTa saero (maT Soris, samecniero)
da sasuliero Sinaarsis Txzulebebs, nawyvetebs amave tipis Txzulebe-
bidan.

astronomia-astrologia da kalendaruli masala

qarTul-aRmosavluri kulturul-samecniero urTierTobebis Seswav-

lis kuTxiT sagangebo yuradRebas imsaxurebs astronomiul-astrolo-
giuri Sinaarsis calkeuli Txzulebebi da krebulebi – kalendaruli
da zogadkosmogoniuri xasiaTis, agreTve Sereuli tipis krebulebi,
romlebic Seicavs momijnave disciplinebis (maTematikis, geografiis)
masalasac. maTi didi nawili aRmosavluri wyaroebidanaa Targmnil-
gadmokeTebuli da uZvelesia Tavisi warmoSobiT; isini saerTo kultu-

18
 samecniero Sinaarsis qarTuli xelnawerebi...

ruli arealis Tanadroul codnas asaxavs. am mxriv gamorCeulia xelnaw-

erTa erovnuli centris xelnawer A-65-Si moTavsebuli astrologiuri
Sinaarsis Txzuleba, romelic XII saukuniT TariRdeba da arabulidanaa
gadmokeTebuli (`etlTa da SvidTa mnaTobTaTvis~, SaniZe 1975). igi exeba
ciur etlTa daxasiaTebas, mTvaris moZraobas, moZRvrebas Svidi mnaTo-
bis Sesaxeb. xelnaweri uaRresad sayuradReboa moxatulobis Tvalsaz-
risiTac da did msgavsebas iCens sparsul saminiatiuro xelovnebasTan
(alibegaSvili 1951: 369-378). aRorZinebis xanaSi (XVII-XVIII ss.) xelnaw-
eri qarTvel ganmanaTlebelTa (qarTlis mefe vaxtang VI, mefe arCili)
yuradRebis saganic iyo.
cnobilia, rom islamuri astrologia adreul muslimebs ukavSirdeba
da garkveulad moiazrebs astronomiasac. Sua saukuneebis wyaroebSi as-
tronomia da astrologia ukve gamijnulia; astrologiurma moZRvrebam,
`astronomiis cocxalma da dakvirvebiTma etapma,~ romelic moiTxovda
saTanado codnas mnaTobTa mdebareobisa da maTi moZraobis gasarkvevad,
mniSvnelovnad ganapiroba astronomiis ganviTareba. amas xeli Seuwyo
ptolomes fuZemdebluri Sromis arabulma Targmanma, romelic, Tavis
mxriv, siriulidanaa Sesrulebuli. igi SemdgomSi laTinuri Targmanis
meSveobiT swored arabuli dasaxelebiT – `al-magesti~ – gavrcelda
dasavleTSi. X saukuneSi muslimma astronomebma moaxdines ptolomes
sistemis `revizia,~ Seitanes cvlilebebi da Sesworebebi misi geocen-
truli modelis farglebSi. mogvianebiT al-batanis, averoesisa da sx-
vaTa Sromebma nawilobriv moamzades niadagi kopernikis heliocentruli
sistemisTvis (Jachimovich 1975: 144).
sagangebod gvinda gamovyoT xelnawerTa erovnul centrSi daculi
nasir ed-din tusis SromaTa Semcveli sparsuli da qarTuli xelnawer-
ebi, romlebic Sua saukuneebiT TariRdeba.
nasir ed-din tusi XIII saukunis cnobili swavluli, enciklopediuri
ganaTlebis mqone mravalmxrivi mecnieria. man Targmna da komentarebi
gaukeTa evklides, arqimedesa da avicenas zogierT wigns, ptolomes
`al-magests~. hulagu-xanis mmarTvelobis dros tusim aago observato-
ria meraRaSi, Tavrizis maxloblad. rogorc cnobilia, iq inaxeboda as-
tronomiuli xelsawyoebis koleqcia da mdidari biblioTeka, Segrovili
xorasanSi, siriaSi, baRdadSi da sxv. sainteresoa, rom sxva mecnierTa So-
ris am observatoriaSi miwveuli iyo Tbiliseli astronomi faxr ed-din
ixlaTi (Мемедбейли 1951: 9). Tormetwliani dakvirvebebis Sedegad man am
observatoriaSi Seadgina astronomiuli cxrilebi (`ilxanis cxrilebi~),
romelic iTargmna laTinurad 1652 wels. Erogorc cnobilia, XV sauku-
nis didma Suaazielma astronomma, uluRbegma, SemdgomSi swored am

19
Tamar abulaZe

`cxrilebis~ gadamuSavebis, Sevsebisa da Sesworebis safuZvelze Seadgina

Tavisi ganTqmuli `ziji – varskvlavTa katalogi~.

xelnawerTa erovnuli centris aRmosavlur koleqciebSi (Suaaziur,

yajarTa da adgilobriv koleqciebSi) daculia 5 xelnaweri, romlebic
Seicavs nasir ed-din tusis astronomiuli Sinaarsis Txzulebebs. maTgan
gansakuTrebiT sayuradReboa astronomiuli krebuli PAC-534 xelnaw-
erTa erovnuli centris Suaaziuri koleqciidan, romelic Seicavs tu-
sis Txzulebebs: `rCeul aiaTsa~ da `kalendris mokle/gamokrebil aRw-
eras (ocdaaTi kari)~, agreTve abulxeir muhamed ben al-farsis Sromas
`gamokrebili risale~, amave tipis krebulia yajarTa koleqciis xelnaw-
eri PK-31, romelSic warmodgenilia tusis zemoT naxsenebi `ocdaaTi
kari~, agreTve XV saukunis cnobili astronomis, ‘ali yuSCis, Txzuleba
`haiaTe farsi~, am ukanasknelma, uluRbegis sityvebiT, daasrula sxva as-
tronomTa mier dawyebuli astronomiuli cxrilebis Sedgena. krebulSi
Sesulia misi mowafis, ruiani lahijis, traqtatic kalendris gamoTvlis
Sesaxeb.
Cven mier qarTul-sparsuli samecniero Sinaarsis Txzulebebis Sem-
cvel xelnawerebze muSaobisas gairkva, rom aRniSnuli xelnaweris, PAC-
534-is, ZiriTadi nawilis Targmani Sedis qarTul xelnawer H-457-Si, maT
Soris `strolabis saswavlebeli wigni,~ romelic warmoadgens tusis Tx-
zulebis `oci Tavis~ Targmans. igi astrolabis ganmartebebs, misi xmare-
bis wesebs exeba. Targmani ekuTvnis qarTlis mefes vaxtang VI-s, cnobil
ganmanaTlebels, did kulturul moRvawes, mecniersa da mTargmnels,
romelmac gansakuTrebuli Rvawli dasdo qarTuli mecnierebis aRor-
Zinebas. es, didwilad, Sua saukuneebis sparsuli astronomiuli, samedi-
cino, qimiuri Sinaarsis Txzulebebis TargmniTa da gadamuSavebiT gaxda
SesaZlebeli. xsenebuli xelnaweri TvalnaTliv asaxavs mTargmnelisa da
redaqtoris teqstze muSaobis mTel laboratorias. xelnawerSi speci-
fikuri terminebi qarTuli SesatyvisiT an aRweriTi terminebiT aris
Secvlili Tavad vaxtangis xeliT (abulaZe 1990: 24-25).
vaxtang VI-m tusis Sromebis garda Targmna uluRbegis `ziji~. igi br-
wyinvale qarTuli xelnaweriTaa Semonaxuli (S-161). TargmanebSi sakmaod
didia mTargmnelis wvlili rogorc uSualod sakuTari CanarTebisa da
calkeuli mecnieruli debulebebis interpretaciis, ise specialuri
terminologiis Seqmnis TvalsazrisiT.
tusis krebulis sparsuli xelnaweris pirveli Txzuleba `rCeuli
aiaTi~, rogorc kvlevis Sedegad gavarkvieT, warmoadgens vaxtang VI-is
stambaSi 1721 wels dabeWdili Txzulebis – `aiaTi/qmnulebis cnoba~ –

20
 samecniero Sinaarsis qarTuli xelnawerebi...

uSualo wyaros (abulaZe 1990: 29-35). es Txzuleba agebulia Sua sauku-

neebSi miRebuli sqemis mixedviT.
geometriuli, geografiuli, qronologiuri da astronomiuli mo-
nakveTebi Sedioda cnobili `zijebis~ SemadgenlobaSi, magaliTad, geo-
grafiuli manakveTebi, romlebic praqtikuli astronomiis, maTematikis
ganviTarebis garkveul etapamde emyareboda ptolomes geografias (al-
xorezmis, al-batanis Sromebi). mogvianebiT aseTi Sromebi gamdidrdnen
mecnieruli monacemebiTa da gaangariSebebiT, romlebic gankuTvnili iyo
gamoTvliTi geografiis, astronomiis rigi sakiTxebis gadasawyvetad. Sua
saukuneebis aRmosavleTSi iqmneba swored amgvari Txzulebebi, romelTa
avtorebi arian cnobili aRmosavleli swavlulebi: al-batani, iayuTi,
al-yazvini da sxvebi.
sparseli mecnierebis, astronomebis popularuli Txzulebebis qar-
Tuli Targmanebi asaxaven mecnieruli azris ganviTarebis `kompleqsur~
mimarTulebas; warmoaCenen aRmosavlel moazrovneTa miRwevebis popu-
larobas axlo aRmosavleTis mTel regionSi da, zogadad, am codnis
transformaciis gzebsa da Sedegebs.

medicina, farmakologia

sakmaod mdidari da xangrZlivi istoriis mqonea qarTuli samedicino

azrovneba, romelic erovnul-xalxur tradiciebs emyareboda. amas adas-
turebs arqeologiuri monacemebi, agreTve Zveli msoflios istoriko-
sTa SromebSi (mag., straboni), qarTul hagiografiul ZeglebSi dadas-
turebuli cnobebi. man Semoinaxa sataZro, magiuri, xalxuri da saero
codna (daviT bagrationi 1985: IX). Sua saukuneebSi igi iseve, rogorc mec-
nierebis sxva dargebi, ganicdis Zlier arabul-iranul gavlenas – popu-
laruli xdeba aRmosavlur sqemebze agebuli samedicino Txzulebebi da
krebulebi, karabadinebi, romlebic exeba rogorc zogadsamedicino, ise
anatomiis, fiziologiis, farmaciis, diagnostikis calkeul sakiTxebs da
Seicavs `Zvel~ da `axal~ samedicino codnas.
arabuli medicina iseve, rogorc arabuli filosofia, emyareboda ar-
istoteles gadamuSavebebsa da komentarebs da, orTodoqsuli Teologi-
isagan gansxvavebiT, Tavisuflad viTardeboda. man Semoinaxa mecnierebis
mTeli wina istoria da asaxa zogadkulturuli gavlenebi. centris spar-
sul xelnawerTa koleqciebSi warmodgenilia IX-XVI saukuneebis cnobili
aRmosavleli swavlulebis, medikosebis al-‘aTeris, ben iusufis, al-
xorezmis, al-jorjanis, zaqaria ar-razis da sxvaTa Sromebi, romlebic
saetapo mniSvnelobis mqone Txzulebebia Sua saukuneebis medicinis is-
toriaSi.

21
Tamar abulaZe

Suaaziur da yajaris koleqciebSi daculia XII saukunis didi swavlu-

lis, al-jorjanis, ganTqmuli `zaxire xorezmSahis~ – zogadi medicinis
popularuli, 9 wignisagan Sedgenili enciklopediuri tipis saxelmZ-
Rvanelos, misi calkeuli nawilebis, agreTve misi Semoklebebis, gada-
muSavebebisa da maT safuZvelze Seqmnili versiebis Semcveli xelnawere-
bi; mansur ben muhamed ben iusuf ben al-ias Sirazis (VIII-IX ss.) Txzuleba
`qafaie mansuri~, romelic moicavs Tanadrouli medicinis mTel cod-
nas da Sedgeba zogadTeoriuli nawilisa da rTul (Sedgenil) wamalTa
daxasiaTebisagan; Sirazis muzafereddinis Sah-Sujas (1359-1384 ww.) karis
eqimis ali ben hosein... al-‘aTeris `exTiaraTe badi’i~ (`rCeuli gamokre-
bili~), romelSic aRwerilia samkurnalo saSualebaTa damzadebisa da
Senaxvis teqnologia, Sesabamisi WurWeli, maTi daniSnuleba konkretu-
li daavadebebis mkurnalobisaTvis. am Txzulebis erT-erTi redaqcia
(bodleanis koleqciidan) emyareba zemoT xsenebul `zaxire xorezmSahs~.
Cvens koleqciebSi warmodgenilia enciklopediuri tipis krebulebic.
mag:. `Cahar mayales~ erTi xelnaweri – PAC-428, vrceli enciklopedia,
romelic 4 wigns Seicavs da warmogvidgens sxvadasxva daavadebis daxa-
siaTebas adamianis organoTa mixedviT, agreTve samkurnalo saSualebaTa
nusxasa da specialuri terminebis CamonaTvals (sparsul xelnawerTa
katalogi 1977). analogiuri Sinaarsisa da agebulebis Txzuleba, romel-
ic indoeli, rumis, arabi avtorebis kompilaciis safuZvelzea Sedgeni-
li, aRwerilia h. eTes mier (bodleanuri xelnaweri N1614). sainteresoa,
rom aRniSnul xelnawers erTvis V Tavi, sadac samkurnalo sakiTxebTan
erTad ganixileba astrolabis, globusis agebuleba da gamoyeneba, VI
TavSi ki mocemulia Txroba mTebis struqturis, mineralebis, qveynis
saocrebebis, droisa da sivrcis Sesaxeb.
samedicino-samkurnalo xasiaTis qarTuli Txzulebebi, romelTa
umetesoba Sua saukuneebSia Seqmnili, am periodis aRmosavlur tradi-
ciasTan da cnobili aRmosavleli avtorebis TxzulebebTan poulobs pa-
ralelebs. Tavis mxriv, qarTul samecniero literaturaSi feodaluri
epoqis qarTuli samedicino Txzulebebis Semdegi saxeobebi gamoiyofa:
anatomiur-fiziologiuri traqtatebi, praqtikos eqimTaTvis gankuTvni-
li samkurnalo wignebi – karabadinebi, saswavlo-saeqimo wignebi – sax-
elmZRvaneloebi, saojaxo wignebi – karabadinebi, mokle karabadinebi –
cnobarebi (Sengelia 1981: 180).
qarTuli xelnaweri memkvidreoba mdidaria am tipis masaliT. gvian
Sua saukuneebSi saqarTvelos inteleqtualuri veqtori mTlianad mus-
limuri samyaroskenaa gadaxrili, icvleba gemovneba da sazogadoebrivi
dakveTa; xdeba mecnieruli Tu mxatvruli azrovnebis `iranizacia.~ am
periodis Zveli qarTuli samedicino Txzulebebis gamomcemeli l. ko-

22
 samecniero Sinaarsis qarTuli xelnawerebi...

tetiSvili XII-XV saukuneebis samedicino Txzulebebs `iranul-arabuli

periodis~ Zeglebad Tvlis.
sagangebod gvinda gamovyoT is qarTul-sparsuli samedicino kre-
bulebi, romlebic ukavSirdeba qarTul enaze Seqmnil cnobil samedici-
no Txzulebas, `iadigar dauds~. Zegli XVI saukuneSia Sesrulebuli da
ekuTvnis luarsab pirvelis Svils, saqarTvelos mefes, daviTs, Semdgom-
Si daud-xans. man ganaTleba miiRo saqarTvelosa da iranSi. Txzuleba
daiwera 1579-1588 wlebSi Tbilissa da stambolSi. ZeglSi warmodgenil
koncefcias emyareboda qarTuli medicina 400 wlis ganmavlobaSi.
Txzuleba Sedgeba sami ZiriTadi nawilisagan: zogadi medicina, di-
etetika, kerZo paTologia da Terapia. igi efuZneba hipokrates humor-
alur-paTologiur sistemas, romelic ganaviTares galenma, SemdgomSi ki
– arabma mecnierebma. igi organuli gaxda qarTuli samedicino azrovneb-
isa da yofisaTvis (iadigar daudi 1985: 39-40).
galenis cnobili martivi preparatebi (wiaRiseuli warmoSobis,
cxoveluri da mcenareuli), romlebic hipokratedan iRebs saTaves, I
saukunidan ivseba rTuli nivTierebebiT – sirofebiT, abebiT, gamoxdi-
li nivTierebebiT. isini arabebis saSualebiT gaicnes evropelebma. Sua
saukuneebSi, rodesac mimdinareobs brZola paracelsisa (alqimiur-
samedicino mimarTuleba) da galenis momxreebs Soris, galenistebi qm-
nian axal preparatebs – distilirebul wylebs, cxoveluri warmoSobis
axal preparatebs, sirofebs (Medieval Islamic Civilization 2006: 607-609).
`iadigar daudSi~ aisaxeba samedicino azrovnebis aRniSnuli periodi.
Txzulebis SesavalSi misi Semdgeneli da G`gardamTqmel-gadmomTargm-
neli~ daviT bagrationi wers, rom stambolSi yofnisas igi erT filoso-
foss da mcodne kacs Sexvda, romelmac saxlSi waiyvana, sadac man bevri
`sakvirveli~ saaqimo wigni daaTvaliera. `saqristianoSiga amisTana da
amgvari qarTuli wigni saaqimo ar iyo~. – wers daviTi. avtori saero
medicinis kargi mcodnea, praqtikosi da ganswavluli eqimi. misi naS-
romi sakmaod rTuli muSaobis Sedegia. mas gadmouTargmnia ori wigni
– `munTaxabi Safa~ da `iadigar Sarifi~ `orsa brZensa da filosofosTa
kacTagan~. amave dros Seutania masSi Tavisi sakuTari dakvirvebebi da
Sedgenil wamalTa receptebi da sxv.
erovnul centrSi daculi samecniero Sinaarsis sparsulenovan Tx-
zulebebze muSaobisas Suaaziur koleqciaSi mivakvlieT erT xelnawers
PAC-432, romelic aerTianebs or Txzulebas – `Sifa al-‘alil-s (avadmy-
ofis gankurneba) da samkurnalo karabadins. pirveli Txzulebis avtoria
‘ubaid olla ben iusuf ‘ali al-qahhali (8r). es xelnaweri XIX saukuneSia
gadawerili, Tavbolonaklulia.

23
Tamar abulaZe

Txzulebis avtori cnobili eqimi-okulistia, romelmac Seadgina Ta-

visi naSromi arabuli da sparsuli krebulebis safuZvelze muhamed der-
viS-bahadur-xanis brZanebiT. `iadigar daudis~ wyaro unda iyos uSualod
es Txzuleba an misgan `gamokrebili~ (monTaxab), romelic, SesaZloa, amave
saxelwodebiT arsebobda sparsul enaze – monTaxab az Sifa. Cveni samedi-
cino Txzuleba me-7 karidan uSualod mihyveba iusuf ‘alis Txzulebas
Sedgenilobis TvalsazrisiT; amasTan, qarTuli teqstis frazeologia
qarTulia, Tumca terminologia, faqtiobrivad, arabul-sparsulia.
iusuf ‘ali al-qahhalis es Txzuleba daculia uzbekeTis mecnier-
ebaTa akademiis xelnawerTa fondSic – #609, romelic XVII saukuniT
TariRdeba (Семёнов 1952: 271-272).
Cveni Seswavlis obieqti iyo agreTve cxovelTa karabadinebic – cxenis,
frinvelTa, romelTa praqtikuli saWiroeba iyo qarTul yofaSi. maTgan
zogierTi vaxtang VI-is saxels ukavSirdeba (Q-281, S-14). daviT da ioane
batoniSvilebis xelnawer krebulSi S-3728 Sesulia cxenis karabadini,
romelzedac anderZSi naTqvamia, rom es Txzuleba dawerili iyo arabu-
lad, SemdgomSi ki is `sparsulad gadmosweres~ aleqsandre mefisaTvis.
aRniSnuli karabadini Sedis quTaisur xelnawerSic (#N200). am ZeglebSi
aSkaraa aRmosavluri wyaroebis codnisa da praqtikuli gamoyenebis kva-
li. sparsuli originalis moZiebis kuTxiT muSaoba grZeldeba.

qimia da teqnologia

erovnuli centris Suaaziur fondSi (PAC) daculi Sereuli tipis

zogierT krebulSi, romelic Seicavs mkurnalobasTan dakavSirebul masa-
las, poeturi da Teologiuri Sinaarsis teqstebTan erTad Sedis qimi-
is paragrafebic. amgvar krebulTagan aRsaniSnavia PAC-752, romelic 13
nawilisagan Sedgeba. igi warmogvidgens ‘ansaris, zaqaria ar-razis, ‘amad
ed-din mahmud Sirazis, iusuf yarabaRis, mola jamisa da sxva avtorTa
Txzulebebsa da nawyvetebs Txzulebebidan. gansakuTrebiT sainteresoa
qimiuri Sinaarsis paragrafebi, romlebic cnobil aRmosavlel enciklo-
pedists, eqimsa da filosofoss, zaqaria ar-razis, ekuTvnis. unda aRiniS-
nos, rom am didi swvlulis Semoqmedeba, romlis mniSvnelovani nawili
X-XIII saukuneebSi iTargmna laTinurad, Tavad asaxavs aRmosavleTisa da
dasavleTis kulturul urTierTkavSirs.
amave Suaaziur koleqciaSi daculia uaRresad sayuradRebo xelnaw-
eri PAC-509, sruli enciklopedia, romelic Seicavs 33 Tavs qimiisa da
alqimiis Sesaxeb, agreTve mecnierebis dargebis mimoxilvas. yajarTa
koleqciaSi ki inaxeba alqimiuri Sinaarsis Txzulebis ori xelnaweri,
ori tomi – PK-111, PK-114, romlebic asaxavs Sua saukuneebis codnas

24
 samecniero Sinaarsis qarTuli xelnawerebi...

Zvirfas metalTa miRebis kuTxiT, Zvirfas qvaTa Tvisebebsa da agreTve

gamokrebil cnobebs arabi da sparsi avtorebis Txzulebebidan qimiisa
da alqimiis Sesaxeb. Tu gaviTvaliswinebT im faqts, rom samecniero
Sromebi qimiis Sesaxeb msoflio masStabiTac ki mcirea, Cvens fondebSi
daculi xelnawerebi gansakuTrebul mniSvnelobas iZenen.
erT-erTi aseTi qarTuli Txzulebaa `wigni zeTebis Sezavebisa da
qimiisa qmnis~, romelic vaxtang VI-is mieraa Sedgenili. masSi aSkaraa
aRmosavluri, rusuli da laTinuri wyaroebis kvali. ramdenime para-
grafi TxzulebaSi ar-razis `saidumloebaTa saganZuridanaa~ Setanili.
ar-razis msgavsad avtori qimiur nivTierebaTa samyaros sam nawilad
yofs – mineraluri, mcenareuli da cxovelTa. saerToa maT Soris
marilTa jgufebis, metalTa dadnobisaTvis gamoyenebuli xelsawyoebis
aRweriloba, `brZnuli Tixisa~ da Jangaros damzadebis wesi da sxv. amave
dros masSi warmodgenilia rusuli Травники-sa da Лечебники-s masala da
laTinuri wyaroebi. avtoris mier TxzulebaSi Setanilia originaluri
paragrafebic. Zegls maRal Sefasebas aZleven Tanamedrove mecnierebi /
gamomcemlebi – T. enuqiZe da v. kokoCaSvili; (vaxtang VI 1981), agreTve
r. Cagunava (Чагунава 1984), m. Sengelia (Sengelia 1980), m. CarTolani (Car-
Tolani 1960). igi asaxavs Sua saukuneebis mecnierul miRwevebsa da kul-
turaTa urTierTgamdidrebis Sedegebs.

mineralogia, geologia

qarTuli samecniero-mineralogiuri xasiaTis Txzulebebis erTi

nawili calke Zeglebadaa warmodgenili, nawili ki Sedis samecniero Si-
naarsis an Sereuli tipis xelnawer krebulebSi. am tipis masala xSirad
erTvis karabadinebs, sxva momijnave dargebis Txzulebebsa da enciklo-
pediur (mimoxilviT) naSromebs (mag.: `qimias~, `kalmasobas~). special-
uri mineralogiur-geologiuri terminuli erTeulebi warmodgenilia
leqsikografiul SromebSi (`sityvis kona~), karabadinebsa da sxva Zegle-
bze darTul mcire zomis ganmartebebSi.
uZvelesi qarTuli mineralogiuri xasiaTis Txzuleba epifane kvi-
prelis traqtatis qarTuli Targmania, romelic Satberdis krebulSia
moTavsebuli (X s.). igi exeba bibliur qvebs, maT samkurnalo da sxva
Tvisebebs.
ufro gviani xanis TxzulebebSi sxva saxis masalaa warmodgenili. Sua
saukuneebSi Seqmnil am dargis naSromebze didi gavlena iqonia aristo-
teles `meteorologiis~ IV Tavis Targmanebma. igi IX saukuneSi iTargmna
arabulad da aqedan gavrcelda evropasa da muslimur samyaroSi. gansa-
kuTrebiT popularuli iyo fsevdo-aristoteles `qvaTa wigni~, romlis

25
Tamar abulaZe

kvalic aSkaraa rogorc sparsul-arabul, ise gviani Sua saukuneebis qar-

Tul ZeglebSi.
erT-erTi farTod gavrcelebuli da uaRresad saintereso Txroba-
legenda ukavSirdeba almasis aRmoCenas. am legendis Seqmna, gavrceleba
da saxecvlilebani uSualod asaxaven sxvadasxva epoqaSi am mineralis
Sesaxeb arsebul codnas, misi xmarebis sixSiresa da popularobas so-
cialur wreebSi. almasis Sesaxeb aris saubari herodotesTan (Tumca is
ar asaxelebs uSualod almass, magram miuTiTebs qvaze, romelic arabebma
(sindbadma) ipoves frinvelTa budeebSi). am legendas exmaureba epifane
(IV s.), filostrate, pliniusi, X saukunis swavluli ar-razi.
IX saukunidan almasis legenda daukavSirda aleqsandre makedonels,
misi aRmoCena ki – indoeTs (arabuli wyaroebi legendas fsevdo-aris-
toteles ukavSireben). Semdeg, XII saukuneSi, istoria gaimeora nizamim
`iskander nameSi~. sxvadasxva wyaro (arabuli, sparsuli, somxuri, Cinuri)
almasis samSoblod asaxelebs xorasans, qaSmirs, yirgizeTs, skviTebis mi-
was, ceilons (arabi istorikosi yazvini, XIII s.) (Laufer 1915).
IX-XI saukuneebSi aRmosavlelma avtorebma – al-jahizim, ar-razim,
al-qindim, ibn-sinam da al-birunim – moaxdines qvebisa da mineralebis
klasifikacia; amave periodSi gamoikveTa mineralogiis ZiriTadi mima-
rTulebebic, romelTa Soris sawyisi aRweriTi, genetikuri da regionu-
li mimarTulebebia (Medieval Islamic Civilization 2006). Sesabamisi masala far-
Todaa warmodgenili qarTul ZeglebSic. maTi umtesoba sparsul-arabul
wyaroebsa da tradicias ukavSirdeba.
am TvalsazrisiT tipuria H-758. am nusxaSi Sedis mokle karabadini,
romelsac erTvis `TualTai~. igi `sparsTagan gardmowerili aris~, ex-
eba 12 Zvirfas qvas, maT istorias, samkurnalo da sxva Tvisebebs. unda
aRiniSnos, rom TxzulebaSi `almasis kari~ CarTulia sparsul-arabuli
ZeglebiT cnobili zemoT xsenebuli legenda aleqsandre makedonelis
mier almasis aRmoCenis Sesaxeb. igi uSualod mihyveba `iskander-nameSi~
moTxrobil ambavs. xelnaweris analogia quTaisuri nusxa N242.
cnobilia amave tipis sparsul enaze daculi traqtatebi Zvirfas
TvalTa Sesaxeb, mag.: anonimi avtoris analogiuri xasiaTis Txzuleba –
`moxTaser~/ `Semoklebuli~/, 12 Tavisagan Sedgenili traqtati; mimdev-
roba igivea – Txroba almasis, iakinTis, lalis, margalitis Sesaxeb da a. S.

leqsikonebi da ganmartebebi

qarTuli samecniero Targmanebi da gadamuSavebebi Seicavs mdidar

masalas qarTul-aRmosavluri enobrivi urTierTobebis kvlevis kuTx-
iT. gvian Sua saukuneebSi, rodesac qarTuli ena `sxvaTa sityvaTaganaa

26
 samecniero Sinaarsis qarTuli xelnawerebi...

aRreuli~ da sparsul-arabul terminul erTeulTa didi nawili dam-

kvidrebulia enaSi, maTi xmareba popularul `saetlo-samTvarioebsa~
da karabadinebSi sruliad bunebrivia. amave dros, Cveni mwignobrebi
calkeul qarTul samecniero Targmanebsa da krebulebs urTaven spe-
cialur leqsikonebsa da ganmartebebs, romlebsac mkveTrad gamoxat-
uli praqtikuli da saganmanaTleblo mizandasaxuloba aqvT. am tipis
saleqsikono da ganmartebiTi masala warmodgenilia astronomiul-as-
trologiuri, samedicino, maTematikuri, mineralogiuri xasiaTis Tx-
zulebebSi. maTSi Setanilia rogorc pirdapiri terminuli Sesatyvisebi,
aseve ganmartebebi da, rig SemTxvevaSi, sazogado-saxmari sityvebic.
am TvalsazrisiT uaRresad mniSvnelovania vaxtang VI-isa da misi
maswavleblis, sulxan-saba orbelianis, roli. maT faqtiobrivad Seqmnes
qarTuli samecniero terminologia zogierTi dargisaTvis (astronomi-
ul-astrologiuri terminologia), gamijnes qarTuli da ucxoenovani
leqsika, ganmartes da praqtikulad saxmari gaxades damkvidrebuli Tu
axlad Semotanili aRmosavluri warmomavlobis erTeulebi.
leqsikografiuli masala farTodaa warmodgenili qarTul xelnawer-
ebSi calkeuli leqsikonebis, Sromebze darTuli terminTa nusxebisa da
ganmartebebis saxiT:
• astronomiul-astrologiur terminTa leqsikonebi (vaxtang VI-
is `ziji~, S-161), ganmartebebi, zogierT SemTxvevaSi – gamosax-
ulebebiT (daviT Tumanovis krebuli, A-1580);
• samedicino da biologiur terminTa leqsikonebi, romlebic Sei-
cavs wamalTa da samkurnalo mcenareTa aRmosavlur dasaxel-
ebebsa da maT qarTul Sesatyvisebs (dauTxanis `iadigar daudis~
Semcveli xelnawerebi, H-343, S-19, N69 /gori/; cxenis karabadini,
H-414, zaza fanaskerteli-ciciSvilis `samkurnalo wigni~, Q-887);
• mineralogiuri terminebi, Zvirfas qvaTa dasaxelebebi qarTuli
SesatyvisebiT (Sereuli krebuli, H-2955);
• maTematikuri terminebi (aRmosavluri da evropuli warmoma-
vlobis), gansakuTrebiT, trigonometriuli masala, romelic
erTvis `zijsa~ (S-161) da vaxtangis mier Sedgenil `maTematikas~
(S-167 da saltikov-SCedrinis biblioTekis ioane batoniSvilis
koleqciis xelnaweri N313).
sanimuSod SeiZleba moviyvanoT goris mxareTmcodneobis muzeumSi
daculi nusxa N69, romelic warmoadgens dauT-xanis karabadins. igi io-
ane mRvdlis mieraa gadawerili mozdokSi 1792 wels. xelnawers erTvis
gadamwerisa da mTargmnelis anderZebi; wamalTa aRmosavluri saxelebi
qarTuli SesatyvisebiT; sicocxlis wreebis sqema, puris, xorcis, rZis
TabiaTebi /buneba/; ferad-feradi malamoebis damzadeba, majunebis /wa-

27
Tamar abulaZe

malTa narevi, konfortativi/ nusxa, saZiebeli. aq Warbobs aRmosavluri

leqsika. gadamweri miuTiTebs, rom man masala amoiRo mirian da daviT
batoniSvilebis karabadinebidan.
amgvari leqsikonebi erTvoda analogiuri tipis calkeul sparsul-
arabul Txzulebebsa da krebulebsac. arsebobda specialuri samedi-
cino leqsikonebic. es iyo daavadebebisa da samkurnalo saSualebebis
alfabeturi CamonaTvali ganmartebebiT, sadac miTiTebuli iyo calkeu-
li terminis warmomavlobac. am TvalsazrisiT sayuradReboa sparsul
xelnawerTa Suaaziur fondSi daculi erT-erTi xelnaweris, XV saukunis
cnobili avtoris, mohamed ben iusuf al-Tabib al-haravis, Txzulebis,
`margalitTa zRvis~ (PAC-397), sruli saTauric: `margalitTa zRva arab-
ulidan, laTinuridan da berZnulidan aRebuli terminebis Sesaswavlad~.
aseTive nusxebi da ganmartebiTi masala warmodgenilia enciklopediuri
xasiaTis sparsul-arabul SromebSic, mag.: `Cahar mayales~ vrcel encik-
lopediaSi (PAC-428) da bodleanuri xelnaweri N1614 (Ethe 1930).

gamoyenebuli literatura

1. abulaZe 1990: abulaZe T., vaxtang VI-is mTargmnelobiTi moRvaweoba, Tb.,

1990.
2. alibegaSvili 1951: alibegaSvili g., Sua saukuneebis ori astronomiuli
traqtatis ilustraciebi, saqarTvelos mecnierebaTa akademiis moambe,
XII, Tb., 1951.
3. berZeniSvili 1974: berZeniSvili n., saqarTvelos istoriis sakiTxebi, II,
Tb., 1974.
4. SaniZe 1975: etlTa da SvidTa mnaTobTaTvis, Txzuleba gamosca, winas-
ityvaoba da enobrivi mimoxilva daurTo a. SaniZem, Tb., 1975.
5. vaxtang VI 1981: vaxtang VI, wigni zeTebis Sezavebisa da qimiisa qmnis,
gamomcemlebi T. enuqiZe da v. kokoCaSvili, Tb., 1981.
6. daviT batoniSvili 1985: daviT bagrationi, iadigar daudi, gamosacemad
moamzada, winasityvaoba, leqsikoni da komentarebi daurTo lado ko-
tetiSvilma, Tb., 1985.
7. koWlamazaSvili 2007: koWlamazaSvili e., kurTxevani, kreb. `Tamar gam-
saxurdia – 70~, Tb., 2007.
8. Sengelia 1980: Sengelia m., qarTuli medicinis istoria, Tb., 1980.
9. CarTolani 1960: CarTolani m., svanuri sevadi da misi adgili qarTul
oqromWedlobaSi, akad. s. janaSias sax. saqarTvelos sax. muzeumis moambe,
XXIII, Tb., 1960.
10. javaxiSvili 1928: javaxiSvili i., qarTuli samarTlis istoria, I, tf.,
1928.

28
 samecniero Sinaarsis qarTuli xelnawerebi...

11. sparsul xelnawerTa katalogi 1977: sparsul xelnawerTa katalogi (AC

koleqcia), Seadgina m. mamacaSvilma, Tb., 1977.
12. Briffault 1928: Briffault R., The making of Humanity, G.Allen & Unwin Ltd., 1928.
13. Ethe, 1930: Ethe H., Catalogue of the Persian, Turkish, Hindustani and Pushtu Manu-
scripts in the Bodlean Library, Oxford: 1930.
14. Grant 1966: Grant Ed., The foundations of Modern Science in the Middle Ages: Their
Religios, Institutional and Intelleqtual Contex, Cambridge Univ. Press, 1966.
15. Jachimovich 1975: Jachimovich E., Islamic Cosmology; Ancient Cosmologies, edited by
C. Blacer, M. Loewe, London: Georg Allen Unwin, Ltd, 1975.
16. Lach 1977: Lach Donald, Asia in the Making of Europe. A century of wonder, Vol.
2, Book 3, Univ.of Chicago Press, 1977.
17. Laufer 1915: Laufer Bertold, The Diamond. Astudy in Chinese and Hellinistic Folk-Lore,
vol.15, issue I, Field Museum of Natural History, 1915.
18. Lodge 1893: Lodge, Oliver Josef, Pioneers of science, (wikipedia, on-line encyclopedia),
availablefrom http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Islamic–of–sciences/index.html;Internet.
19. Medieval 2006: Medieval Islamic Civilization, editor Josef W. Meri, vol.2, New York,
London: Routledge, taylor & Francis group, 2006.
20. Russel 1945: Russel Bertrand, History of Western Philosophy, book 2, part 2, chapter
X; New York: Simon & Schuste, inc., 1945.
21. Sarton 1975: Sarton, George, History of Islamic Science based on the book “Introduction
to the History of Science” by George Sarton, 1975; available from http://www.levity.com/
alchemy/islam; index html; Internet.
22. Science in Asia: Science in Asia and Africa, Islamic science (wikipedia, on-line
encyclopedia),last modified 21 September 21, 2007; available from http://en.wikipedia.
org/wiki/History–of–science–in–the–Middle–Ages/index.html;Internet.
23. Stock 1980: Stock, Brian, Science, Technology and Economic Progress in the Early
Middle Ages, Journal of the History of medicine and Allied Sciencis, 1980, XXXV (2).
24. Виппер 1947: Виппер, Р. Ю., История средних веков, М., 1947.
25. Чагунава 1984: Чагунава Р. В., Вахтанг Багратиони и его труд по химии, Тб., 1984.
26. Семёнов 1952: Собрание восточных рукописей Академии Наук Уз. ССР под
редакцией и при участии проф. А. А. Семёнова, I, Ташкент: издательство АН Уз.
ССР, 1952.
27. Мемедбейли 1951: Мемедбейли Г., Выдающийся азербайджанский учёный (М.
Насиреддин), Изв. АН Азерб. ССР, №9, 1951.

29
Tamar abulaZe

Tamar Abuladze

Georgian Scientific Manuscripts and Eastern Cultural

Tradition

s u mmary

The Medieval science, first of all, is connected with the “Gold Age” of the Muslim
East and the fundamental works of the Muslim scholars.
The Georgian translations of that period belong to different branches of science
(astronomy/astrology, cosmogony and calendar material; medicine/biology, pharmaceutics;
chemistry, physics, mathematics; mineralogy, geology, geography) and in frequent cases
are connected with the Persian sources, the works of renowned Eastern scholars, and
the Eastern schemes accepted in that period.
The volumes of the Georgian manuscripts, involving the works of scientific content,
represent the following typological volumes: the collections of scientific information, themati-
cally diverse, united collections, involving at the first glance the incompatible material both
from the content and origin viewpoint (the collection of Amvrosi of Nekresi, Zham-Gulani
of Kanchaeti, Kurthkhevani (Blessings), etc) and the textbooks of different types.
Parallel study of the Georgian and Persian scientific collections and separate works
from the language viewpoint enabled to determine the direct connection between the Me-
dieval Georgian translations and variants with the Persian sources: the Persian originals
were revealed of the Georgian translations of “Strolabi” of Nasir al-Din Tussi, “Zijj” of
Ulughbeg, made by Vakhtang VI Bagrationi and “Ayat – Kmnulebis Tscnoba”, published
in the printing house of Vakhtang VI, David Bagrationi’s “Yadigar Daudi”; also the
primary Eastern scheme of Georgian mineralogical work “Tualtai”, which is connected
with “The Book of Stones” of pseudo-Aristotle.
The Georgian scientific translations and the revised versions involve rich material
from the viewpoint of research of the Georgian-Persian/Arabic language relations, lexical-
terminological references. The Georgian men of letters add to the scientific translations
and collections the special vocabularies, explanations, which are of clearly expressed
practical educational purposes. They present the picture of literary language of a concrete
period and the contributions of the translators and re-translators of the eastern language
material to the formation and enrichment of the Georgian scientific language.

30