nS > OS = SU) She a EaSER GEM AB Rt GL FED Sikit CB 5 hi) [£] ABA-ERGM F EDR FE FARR sckhamenSPAR BICNF . 01-2003-2627 BERR (CHP) Bie ALATA : S He/ CR) HD (Bowles, J.B.) Bs RARE AM, PRA Labs Att, 2004 BSA AL gL ae HR AH) ISBN 7-112-06400-7 Li 1 Die Oa TM, shake CL) — Bae h—oe NTU HEDREATEBH CIP REBAR (2004) 8 022853 5 SRA RARES - ARK GEM) HAMAR AR PMR, Ae RiP FOUNDATION ANALYSIS AND DESIGN / JOSEPH E.BOWLES, Sth ed. ISBN 0-07-912247-7 Coppright ©1996 by The McGraw-Hill Companiasy Ine. ‘Tzansiation Copyright © 2004 China Architecture & Building Press Original language published by The MeGrase-Hill Companies, Ine. All Rights reserved. No part of this publication may be reprodzeed or distributed by any means, or stared in a database: oF retrieval stem, without the prior written permission of the publisher. ‘Simplified Chinese translation edition jointly published by McGraw-Hill Education (Asia) Co. and Chie Archi tecture & Building Press. AT CE FE MEA PET Ab ATL AY BA GA) aR. AME AE BITTE AT, ARG OLA Ly ON a ARB HE TESS BFERRMER AWM SHTRA Sit CR 5 HD (A) MERE em F fo oF PORE ke EMI 2 Chae IE) Reh ee FRE NR GRA DL AH: 787K 1092BA 1/15 HH. 65% FH. 1938 FF 200% 10 HSER 200848 10 BB — ANAL SUM. 125008 ca 2-06400-7 ‘TU S652 (12414) MR BEAR AHO a, PAAR (265485 100037) ARALIBAL. tps //svww.chino-abp.com.en MLL, ap: //www.china-hilding. com.cnALR MOE APT RRB, AAT T 1968 47, URAL S HEFL. CRE TAR BRITA, RUMI T ER Pet, HOT ERIE, SEACARALT SI MTR RUM. ABIL 20 R, MATLAFHEMLRN EARS, HLTAWRIMNM, BOR RO, BRITA, MORO CR HR, Fat SORT SA COURT HERE. SEL AEE FR. BEE ad, SER RAEI, UE) ASE, PR tons eae 2, SORES, KAT SL TRIMER, AST BARE ALA WARE METER, TTR LS PRARMERTEI SS. REG, ER SRD, REN. EH¥ TRUE 5 ARES TH 4 MES, ONE A “AERP” ITE WEALAR (SOA) MIRA BBL (SOP), HUES TEAM A, AA BE SOP FAG IGT SOA A 104F, SAR, KMART] REM FEAR RT, A AL SR CORPORA HS 2 0] ) APHEAL FA Pe A He BH BL AG RELA R RBM) GT SOPAR, GRMMEF SOA, AEN TASER /O MARMASSE. LRNGARSRR LATIMES (ASCE) BUF AB PULSAR ES ERAT, RAC ae TO de S~ 7 SR, FORT SPAY AU re SRE OY AMMAN RH DRS ERI, BBS A Tas 3 BO, IE ALP BR PREAH SHARE A Sh SN Be, AEM at FRR. ROME ILO, SRE MAN” Eby eC Pe Jia APH HAT HORT, DUR, RARER ELSES We Tel, TA TR EE A ah RAL ee, A RT RR, DA ATE AL RR LRT. ARBRE AT ROAR RC: (FEM) (SRR TRAD Sh 22 a EE), ELBE AUT EOLA FEM ERR BAUER, TE Re ROT MIEN HE. MTA SUR, APMED (ALATA) SERPS (AR BCLS) EMT RR RE, MR Tie ek AA, FEM Ay XP SELES ZARA HT} AT “EE EIA” BURL, dea aa RAMSEY, HERE AS HE FEM Ye RPM Re ARE, FEM BSE REET TESS, BELA SLO RA TE I RU/D TEP HRA GME ROR NRA B AB ME, HE SRETHRAMAMR, WMAULRW AS SCRE DM AE PEM A BEAU RATA TO RAMESH ATT SY. (AUB, RAT PRP (CRN, FRETHREE), TORT ELA LAMA FEM fo 0, SENHA HAS EECA AROBH, BHIBINT BAMRNAU RMU ARM RITC. M AR ARGET TBR T BT. 2 BPO MEL we Ze eh ADR, LET RGA PHA ASR ETERS, aT SR 4B. UAT ARIA RAR I ERE a HAP NDBETT TC, HRT SLA. WAM, ST RE, TRAE FE RRA Fs fal RR, TM ELE A EET MA AH SE IIDREAT RRA HTL 6 TACK IAP OLDE T SPRUE, SBE IEA 16 FRE FE BL RI TRIE EAT ot HF A PR, TA RE OP ee NRA SECA, ANE RRA EAR aA. CE SOAR, EAA MT BT PTS Te SET SEDGE TAHT, PURE Ea Pe A A SA, a Ra AE RR, 4. NRA LET TBE RRR AREER (SLB 8 Be) GUEST TEM, EAL dh Meyethol 42 1953 FRR MF RR A RMIT. FFE U1 EMER ATOR T BIT NOGA EA ET (Ht, UGTA ER We. STABHTRAMREH, ARGRAGARHSA LR, MAA ITO PURESRER HCE, Spr mi Wt iy SE TS AD eR EE AR SCAR LOGS ET RS MPR Hi, EAN A BE — SE BE a Wl. ER, BARA STASIS 7 ARE Be ARTEL SR, MART RRO SAAR RRR, BAAR OG SR ARAM Ah. WORE HRTEM ER ETRE ROR, SRST. AST OLR RA RAT BA MRA, La ee A, SRUABH 1 RATE LH “MCR” PHA AUT, Wee BERG PTE 9 AEST Eb a POA BER OR OY OY SET SLR P HT ABL SAUER ES a HAY EP EK, 2, EPA CORR, Hee BIRR REARLERAERS HY, EOURTT Ba ASKS, Bs a ABST BS. AMI Ft AMS pe RIG UA ORE A we a eT FUE. ASARG HR 4 RL APYE BRK B 2ETA M AEE TS R CER 4 FURR T BT). ORBLE Sat T ERE PO ERE. oy RUB R AST, FLY" AUGER AR FL A RE SE IC EEO A RAR LIS Bc, RAAT SDMA SMO, RTT RUE Hh, RMSE ALLGH 4 RHI SRE AE OF FB BI Bk ATG T RH I RHE CAT AOL AIO Ae RARE RA), BERT MAIR LT oe Bt ek a aT TRAE PAR Ss MEE AE SR 4 WCE SARL MTATE. HSK, AHL Pt FAT BE FF 4 Fa FY 8 — 0 PE, TER PSAP T BAS ATK FARMAN M, JEM NCK AE, RE TA, ARNT AT ABE VA RT WIE ERE ae AO PLATT T ke, 5 raha Le, BER feb BL BR AT 5G AeA i — OO HRP | A SRY BB RA OBL x SOURS STE CM CRRA SOM, LL RIT RR EE eT AE ROS THF, bt6 F BEA TE te LR I th AIR SAE Es BER a EY GAT Eh LE TT A BR LP REET OS Pe Te eee ETI, FRAT RS AGAR, PA ee, A a fat a SR VA FIR A A OS ARE BOE RE AY PE RESET SCTE FH Ee AF Fi SFRMABMAAIHASRER RB, MN PROAMB RS HT BVRBAENMRRL, ARREST MR -PKUTKH. SHANRR AY McGraw-Hillti Wt A AE (UA ACURA TT HE OE ESL) GAR sch A FPG Rutgers AF Busch REM Y. S. Chae, AAEM UKE K. L. Bergesen, Southern Florida AF) M. Gunaratne, Purdue KH C. W. Lovell, ARSEAT SM 3L A Pit) Mete Oner LL Colorado KT Stein Stureg Be, BHEMBHBS Faye MWR RM, MOTT ee RETR T KRM RRS, WUD E Loca. Joseph E. BowlesBE & 32 MBE 33 EER 120 RR HR sd 34 Lat 11 ORLA LEE 1 35 REC 12 BHR 1 36 KP RE 13 RIMS 2 3-7 RRAERARRR (SPT) 1-4 Ba ALR - 5 38 ERATOR - 6 7 1S MRT | 39 tN a 16 SNA 310 SERA DRITHE 17 RAL (SI) AERO S11 AERA (CPT) (Fps) s+ 8 312 StF RRR (VST) 18 AES “10 313 ALarbIate CAST) 19 RRS SRR TL S14 RAVINE (DMT) 2 ALOMAR. BA 31S SHER (PMT) TA: VIR SRE 13 316 GEIR Ky SEAT a1 ale 13 S17 RRR 22 LE vid 318 ATK (GWT) Abie 23 SP RREU SRR + 1s 319 GAL Abcab AR 24 BALA CRER ERR 18 320 SARA a ar et Ma 25 SUA AB 21 58 7L 80 /eE 2-6 ABR ha Lee 25 221 BR 27 bib arae dae 30 3H 28 HAS Ky RE 344 RHR 29 bdok Shek ie 40 de 210 BADR = 4g 42 RRA 21 sae 43 RERHAM 212 RAO AIRLAR HE 44 NDR HAR in Re 198 213 ABE 45 RaARO 214 EAR ESR 46 LR SF a 215 mr RAAT eS SHE He 47 TORAH Oe 23 48 RW CRB SRS St BIER. BORA RRO 49 FURL EMM RRA Wik - 410 SPT ERR A 1 LT ROTE ~ 411 CPT RRA - 215 +217 222Bon ok 12 RAR MR ERR 413 FR itt hanes RBH o 14 RULE AHR HRB) 41S PMR PHES RH +16 BARRA a SSH MOL SRE 5-2 ARE 73 een a ae tk Ba 53 URL g, ‘Boussinesq Hi" 5-4 SPRATSUAE FAS Bounines HF 55 HALA AEY Westerner te 56 DRETORE HT 57 aa SS RATTRAY FOAL ” 59 BRT RR AMR TR 276 S10 AL DLRRA Fef t SH11 RUBURLE LSE Ahh a my mee S12 RE S13 DUM OS watt S14 i ei bays S15 BURFI - 62 BRAK - 63 Re. of KE, TRE RB EL + 65 MH A RA 66 RADMRAD FEA 6-7 HER MSE Iw eH wot: 68 RAE 69 OKLA - 317 610 REMI 611 Aaa MIR I Hae aT 612 EL ATE 6-13 RAL TRA 614 BORA RRR AE ag BTR BART ma ae 7 BANS EAE Aa 72 teem 73 Bn A S81 AR IED) re 326 74 AEA LOD 73 Bene DIE - 76 RAL 77 DLE aya 78 BARI RHE: basse ~~ 7-9 HR a ARE MOR MAL i eR o 710 ALAR bay aee 711 RAL Enbabat TD ER SRR Lb HSE 713 URE AAR baa 714 PRR RMA 3a ROR So ARNO Sh 82 SRR MRR an 83 SeithweR St ATMOS RULE RY (USD) 85 TmamekOyea TRE 86 SRA ANNE a7 tt 88 ARS HE ORME 89 aR S10 APF ADT ma Sri aeRtpraeaL S12 MAE aaa3 - 409 3 ie RPPRARERATIAY AE LR. 412 o1 We 92 BRAM 33 BBA SRR (Rot) Baa 98 Tike 96 PREAH 9-7 SH Sa EI 8 98 WER TRL oo RAR S110 REBUT MES HE a 10 RIAA. 1o4 31H « 102 ERMA 10-3 RIAA RR A 10-4 SIAR OEE 10-5 APRN (akties) abe BARD, 106 EMR 10-7 BEM MARE 10-8 Mee em ATR 10-9 Aaa a a CEGM) 10-10 SCALARS A AA ee aA 1011 BEAR ES HY SILER ~ 1ote BEBE (SAR) aR - 1013 RARE - 8 « Bue MALRA TL Re eA HE « ne? daa 113 BAER 14 BL Re 15 RHE Beas 11-6 Wor eee RE + a74 a #9 117 BAM EAL RA . 118 @ERAEA, hie, wAa 7 119 MRAM RTA 110 MARAT them Tet AUS eA AG 1192 SYLAR A PA WHA ~ 113 RAVER EMEA + 556 L146 SE eB 11S ARLENE 16 HE. PE RA HE A Si: S12 Hi A RE he $240 12-2 AB Ee 123 Mbt wit - 124 RAB a tes Abie 12-6 Abi 127 HARE 128 BEAR 129 LRH LHEM - 1210 RAL ARISES 614 1 FHPRBA 1242 PL AMEE 1213 RSL, ERE 1214 aR te 1215 MPSA ERT ia 1216 ACI 218-H BT ee S7L 13S see — ance aR 34 ae 13-2 ARE SA133 4 135 136 137 8 13-9 B14 ft Let 14-2, 143 Maa 1s 146 17 148 149 Risk 1541 1s2 153, Is 18-5 156 1s 158 15-9 B16 let 162 16-3 lea 16s 166 ‘aS eH SME aa RLF HR RR ASE ELAM ARB ‘BARS ELAR HT, ER BABE MIKO RE 2 At 3m BK ae OU ACR LI BE ROSCA ER AD ARIE SRAM AR RE SEAT EE RAL a AB SH Pek SACP HEIR (RUSCH. MT: 3 LE fe. SRL Ri fea BAMA TART RA eae LAR Hep SIROTA Pos MMS BP WE GH FREER 760 ag + 761 TERRA, ORR fe / SELAH 763 aa 763 aR 769 eee 770 fant 774 ‘SURE 777 RAR AEM mM nS n9 79 147 749. 784 tS 16-7 BA RPRaE 16-8 SERRA 16-9 #EONKERL J 16-10 SEA TENE 161) BERRY. 1612 RE PATHE 16-13 AAA Fe BCR RE PERN - 16-14 ce — ASE beeen 1615 RATE ~ 16-16 MLSS ATH 1617 S88 f0 A SATA a4 B15 aa « STR abbas -Saieeht 11 BLS 172 iF 173 STHERLIB ASE ~ 14 KARA AR HIRD 17s HARARE ~ 176 BATE 177 RRR 17-8 ITH A 179 RFT RAE 861 3518 181 18-2 Bi aeAHAORRRE ~ 183 ROT, 184 Fahmy - 18:5 BPS 186 TRA 187 BE - 188 HLA 18-9 Ase ame 1810 EERE 1811 eM RELIBS aa ut #19 194 192 193 194 ws 196 197 198 199 19-10 R20 20-1 20-2 20-3 204 20-5 20-6 20-7 20:8 LAR ala web ae TA SETH Se RS IHL SR BEFORE ht TLE HLM tT STIR KM ST BEG ALAR SY HARM RRR ag ‘Pet die a is ew Ht ale TE ea a A AO, EAS HERR MALE Ra DARE LAB RL HARA eA 20-9 Sh A RRM ee 2040 ABR A 21 BR AER 3a SAR A BUNA RAI eB HAL AP RRP HE AD TRIM RASA TLE HAS RE (a), BE (0) EPONA, RAT FASE IE REM be EE ein . Bai Ly BMA HAS BR ERAT PBR eae Rema PRR Rt U.S. (il) 5 SI (BIRR ALE HA) HARARE - Wisia--#182 4 Ll Rah ERMAEME AER EAT A, BA AERO HET RET LRA ROA, CA TR OS LR RI BS BP RAYE AMAA. MARAE ROM IE CR IRAE, Eh AE LP A, Pr AG COREE A ) 5 TSR AT BH Fg A A a FEA. “EBS fa” Saba aS FRE A ERR FB A MT RRA ASA SY PRR, EB SA” We PRADA RAN AEE MESO, teem ASE, RAT SRO, KTR COE. ES. UR), HE te SE, F LRA, RASA RAPA, DRA ES MAR ae HELPER, SRR RAR RS. 12 hf mem rm “SMTA” ASH ARATE, ES FAT GAH “EERE UTM A, DR, TRAE ie Ot EH. BROS ES LE (RL) PL Ce TRA ANS Sit) SU EMER RS Ee dil, Gea, MURS “HA BP, PAAR HE, BOAR A FASO as a A), TS EPEMLERLERS EA AMAR TR, FTA CAL SDAA. MUEREXOLAKXRRM NPI) BENAR. BTS BGT, REAM PLT A RL MA LEH PRL FURS HL TBE EFT RS OD LS PTA. DATE Dy ARRIETA eR 1, HOARE. ARR CRA A Se IER ATTA, RRA AR RO, TREAT CRIN, LAT BLA RT BEL AS. © NLHEnLI A “Pa.2 #18 ee a 2, RRA REE DA WR RE PP CE ULAR AIG A Ef EBM CEE Pd TN OK PEMA UL AR RPE ES PB, A TRS OS ET RB RO ES SRREAT ALE 3. ZEEE) FE ALA tb OD AYE Re A OS YS ih BOB HRI, 4 REAR, SERRA LAA HRS, MEMES, FAR MHD, TRE ETH oh eT. MG, HAT SPEAR RU HARARE AT HR, BRA AF ARR AT BE ETT BE Ae, 5. FB 4 PHAM KSMOR RTE, RMR REO, ELBA Fa MONEY ELAN BT, SLA A A A BS Ve Pd SS ESA FeABN] CALA, CARI. SRSA RDI) FPR, RFK RE TPR, UR EZ, APL, aR, HR RAE TL SO LAM RRB BSS LRA 5 TER. ER SEEM. — PAUMELIBAR Gedy RRR, TORRE a SEMIS REALE %) WRB AL LRN ERE 1~ 4. PRT 4 AOU LIE Seo SE, Wf — CA SA PE EL RH PR ROT. Eb FELL EH Re TF SL BAT EE ABR SS AE TR dR MRT TREE RARE LAS TRA RARLAMRH SM, NLA TN SLAM BROAN, Me Ta. BK, SER UTA LEAD MEMS, REPAP RT MERAEBTIC. BR, OYE A PALE, KARMA LBL A aE TS ROR UI eT RR SAH A Ee I Het TR ETE RETR, AOE AORN. ULMER Sit, PAT FAG FEIT AER EA RE — RE A, AR a A COUR ALIEN) BORER DHE CG RE ASAT) Ce Pa BH iy A OE IO, SB CEDURE HL PET SP EAR EMRE Rt PEE AB Mt CR, Se BHATT ae 1 RE A AS (UR RIL), Bea SRS 6 EAE LR Sp 2 3h 3 A EA BE It 13 RaHPRHRN 1.3.2 BRAGS BAER AER SSH SE OR Ht SRF PK “HIERN” —— ASHE. JERE, RRA AE Aa, CR aay a 2 He — A Sl, AMR A-H, BMA Ile, Ri” —47 HE, SATLWSALOLIE. “ARAL / Bled, A 1b ARENA AE DIB:13 Bake PRSRX 2 FS 1-1 A ARR HY 3 PREAMP Ba OTe My PRAT AOS TATE AE SAREE, ITAA RR I TF AE ERR UTS A EE RR RE AE ChE, JESS PE RAL 140MPa CI) ~10MPa GR AEL), STEERER AP RTER/. AMARA RRA CEL PTR I A Pe) —ANIR AT HE 1000KPa HY, AA BG AY 200~250kPa, RRR ORR REE ee a ot MA a Mr Ty BUPA. DRA TE SEES X EMS EBA OT PRR “EET SING IET fp, OR Sie EA PHA ARLE AOR, TL PRAISE ROI, YAR SAT ROTOR GRAM, REO “ap maERN, a ORR TER) REL BES, Tf “AOR IE RI a, CHT SR RAR ERGATA HET, ATE ER ER RSD ZF, SEE Ak oF BE SUTLBORSOR. Ft MALS AS SEMA A “BLUE, BLE SE WER EP KEE, LU SEE, BAP RTE, PROT READ, FRAME REA RAE RE, A LOSER ARE ARE. TUR A ZLUUR BOSE HW THERM EP HF AEE 076m ATL, BRE EAD, aH SURRUESEL. OATH Rit SLES 16~19 TPA, SPP RR (WEI) MRR, ES TRA aah CRN RH SR) EAR RE Rm RR A SATA © A Lda Bat RR A a HE A A FL AES MES. GS, TRAIL 5B IK ERAELLF, oe ARYA SALE ET OR (299) 0.0299). ALB MRM BA, Hi BF, A B=0.3m, MBAR BH 5x 0.3= 1.5m, TH B= 3m, MW KIER URI 1Sm, FARA ATEBEZ tb 1210, BP RALESION BOE ORO Na, “EE ARIRG rm VAT FE fol FA FE RB Se ES a ES AFRALARMGH CU 1c), BZ a BR CB FEA ADP FRE MLELTETR) Mi Ey, RAT EDR ES POM deme, eee eet CEO. RPS. REL SOE, OL. BURA. HEHE Bi, EMMA RR ME! CSR) RISER TTS A OPER (5 TR FTG RENE BERR). . Fa PARAS OPPS HE MR SGA ae TRY ER A A PT 4. BANS —+ Be a SL, KAP RBR Sit TER Th A fa RL ey FY Py, MP RC ECAGStT EMR. HEF ENE UPR REE 9 HE ACA ILM EAR FLUE AEA, PLE ATR TE SM (ei SE Hy MRA Hh, EY EL Re READE ERAULS EMA PLE AAS ABTA SER +: ETH, ALB EACR A MEER aR RE, SPR TE CREAN INAH, FORD De Roa ake mR eb LS, BR GAYS AB — Ay ee (CEES. WOME (ESAT RWRR) SR Rea eS ATR APRwit 4 4 SHARE ©) HO CHID Bik CORD BEd “RER CO) 10a ane Ba) Fa eA “RIA (OD EAUEEUHE XRME VR SRM 11 e @ @ oat0 Beg Bt eecerael hee al Beery Riera ra ae ae £ aed “7 Be [om @ Beta + tne ma te ‘axa “ee af | a 5 uf : q v < F wo), aces me i. ok | EF oLyT we ae =0 » d a13.2 Se4aERt BEE / ERE TL FRY ESL OY VE I aOR” AT PSS HE Se SE aN HS DOR, ESE MEA A RT RWC, CREURKLMAKSHAR, RAVER AMR (BD SS) WGA TAT AR BA Rae ASD, OLE A RS A Het RS TERRI CARA A I) UA a HE Cy — Cte Fok A REET iT RAE, HT AE A ST AA RE ATE RE. AORTA AT OR REG OO ttt. ERR ILAAR Eat” APE CR TA LRRD, DEE RCA AERC PE PRY EET OTE. MO PR TE THRART HER (—-BRARE HH), AG -EMLHSR, HABA FO Bi REAR RAE AY Sees Ol Se BS A a 0 1-4 Ra MER ARRAS PEGS Rf wl OK SEARS AE RG a bP Be AS, BRE CEFR SURI PY. ERA 50 SE, RI URE ROMER) BY AER AH AATTBUR. HR, GRR ES, (LR RELA LT eR ST, OA SB TPR TP A 2 TBE A CER DTA TTR, LACE TO ERROR RLM TL. Bae BUTS RAY TA (AL) DA Bo ERAT TES. SEBEL RAY TTP Be A EM RA A oh CSIR) BOT SAR EP ANF TREAT, BI, CNTR RAR FT RA RIS AM TAH: CARRE, (LR MRE LBS AR RAP, EL HGH, OANA ASA RETR ye FOE} eb PK LERREANKE. AE, EMMA R NAME, Ree Fe, RAAT AA Abe CM BR REA it A SE ae Ab Om eB TF oS Pe 2AM. ZESRAERPRELAS b (aS) Bh REE Re OTR SRR SMS TOS, FURIES Le a ARM, BG FEAR AG THE SE / a EHR ESE, FY Bk BE aR FRE, AT TEE LAE OSES. ARIE MAMET Re CBIR) aOR et Phi 4 ER Be ae ae ea, HF HE BEAR, AS EE SIE PR Ee RB IH RO BY He FREE, DEER RAK RM EH RE. BS “Pa Je eS Ay ay A SA — 6 BO RO eh SRS} alta ae PBR RM EUR, RRR RAT — ee AO AT TA EATEH AR.6 Fit bt RA He SABE LI ATR PPS AE LBA SR AERP ERD) BERD DRL Se BF RCE AT AT AE ae tL ART A, UO RE FRE LPAI OTT SR ODE AEB HE BP Ry A, AS a BR TORR, ER, WOK, ATO) BY. WER ATR CMR. BLA Ey SCS aH LTS ERA ee RACE RAR, FPR FES SHERRATT EN, CEASA EERO, PARR PRENSA ME. RUDRA RRA ERA META RSH oe oH RT SR ARITA. ANGER A, — RAT 1-1 PADAE RE LED py Hea e 200kPa, i HAb— ABM 225cPa KE 250KPa MMI AL, (A A OE ASE, HA —- RAR ROGER IR 200KPa, 1S S}—- ATI BEL ALK 100kP2, PRERRARLAAR EE, ETE TEA BATT RM (200KPa) EZRAEREH. ME, AY-TEARAARRHEARME RET. BTR SP 8S a a, RAE EP RT RG, RA Ct) AY HHRMA T NR PR SLE, ERROR TAA, 1 PAs fy FA,“ Ae ee Ay RAL ERS, tha bay B.A A A 2. HAH 3: BE 3. TRH, ALAR ARAM EW KA, FIR eA &. RABAT (Ag, LENE) TRANS A, 15 SMRPESS RO REAK HUTS Ee WG T RL RRA: OBE OTT a) ER, ER i ts Letra Ht A ER, 1, AE Os AA, ALG SLR Bi A RH A I BE Le TBE, AL Sth, PE ABAA TELE I 20 0B AB AE HH A A ti ih, BUA ER EGE ORD. CCR, Sa a TRAE Bh, Cee Poe OER A 2 & a OIL Ae 2. ARPS TREO LR SF, BUT ORE, BUR WERT, KRM AEA Ae AR ER, 3. BRE AG HE EO HG HAR, HES SARL a hy ET, PR AUENEG HET Of AS A aa tO HN, TERE DE ATP TBE HES AEST Lee oA RS Ut RPM, ean Laan Lt, 4. RTSSRRRRMERR OS, ERMA ATE. CORBI EEN BR, S. MAG AR RB HELL, SH LAGI Pee ei RE St a UR, TEER LE Re EE BE, PREAH CMR, mE16 RERROLA 7 TSIEN OP Ee, BO ERC, SLE A IR BEL EMH AT Portland AIRE AE A lA I IE, 6. AERA ER BE AL ARE BH A ae TP A a, BURST RAI, SANE TUE a, 7, BURN ERE RA MLA ATS Samy, SE Rea — CAD PER DANO He TUBS. ARR FBS ABT RTE, LAURER WORK. 8. BRAWN EROMES SOS, LOA ST PAE es Lh ETT BE ET he COIR TL CI) RUE RE RCI ES AIA EF ESAT DA HL BT A a, ROUT —- TRO LET-RHRSRLET GWAR, WTSI, bE FTA Se EA RAPHE AY EH FAG TL de kM EH SFR, 1-6 Ra Keay ee LF 11 Bi ae FS AA LR BURG SMA TEES HE HMI, ALTER RT ETT OR, TARE RRP BYE RMU ABT EAE HA BAY. SHORE CURE 11a), RENAL TOK GL (GWT) BEE RET PRUE, ASL AS WA ART DA AA AES HT OT LR) BY Ata PRP REE BE LE, PBR AT AB EF RET. EA Fakta, LAMA TSR, Ra SORES RH LRP ATER, SRL PR, Sa SRT ok Lh aT HE FM He a oA HE RE, As ATA BE RPL A aH *E, WR TI PHF A I YE | J yA , ay SRR, EIR LARP — A J HB Me TT A aK SU A OK i. SHAW RAR IS A Rw RD # ie SERIA aI ER (ARH D/ BL) SARL ALL REBT a PER EE + area mat FREE Fei. TAP R bi Rae et RA MMLR, PSUR SRE 2 Hak Le en we RRA Later seseat ROEDER — MTT ER, BAY Mea MST TOTES LL Hay REA, Wem ARR AMET, HAR Bi ae Oke AE ae ae8 Fit e ae xm RD a Ea BERL A RRA CALA LB a") AILSA LIRR RTE, TOE set SPR GME NAL 2 HE SFO ALMA, LAL or me CEM HH A AREA LT RE RIEL OE Popa REMMOMS, TARR RTS ARMAT SRM (8~20m) Stet, SCAM, ef saasenoee HHI, tee PLAN: St SRR ORAL SRE Ab. RUF Rar Ra a x 8 8 & AE, Ne ha HS RATED LAA CUE 122) MMR RSE RE UUme FPR OR, AER Bio, Aube mR aR BERS ER AER) utes AMEM A RYT ATILRNRMNTIREA 1-7 BRK (SI) # RR-4-4¥ #1 (Fps)® STALK IL, UAUME NON AE ROE ATE P TOO LE, FURITR a. ERA (STR mks) WK (m), TIE (ke) HEP (s)s >, BUC APB CFps) WBER Ch), Cp) AU (3). 1993-~1995 AE Bk mA Ate SUNDER, (RAE 1975 EF, ILE RAR, B12 WU TEAS RT MAES CRUEL AOR), Yee 15 09 TD 7S A A PE OS Ae Reb RG Tt 22 (ASTM) Di8 (LMT Lit) BRSPRAM NT, BHM RAS RA Zz. Feb BERIT IA ¢ EAN ASAE EARL. HEM AC Ea CURT LO7E 0.5% AEE AEE, (LAAT HERR | 2 ROI fir Bh a TT, EE PTE g HOO MOP EMT ELEM AG ROA TU Ra Pe eae 7D 0 ATTA “Tk” ANTE, Aa RRR tt -eteMy,17 BRA (SD) HRA-A-OH (Eps) 9 AUBIN” RICAN pie 1 fi zk F * & ae KE aR “ a ing * ® BRIBE (cm: m/100) BRAK. (oam= 1000) a th SyROTHR RAT, he 100065 Mie= 10% 3, a “SUR RE OeE BD Ty, “LRM FR (kip) = 1000 58 RULE me” des Fa ® UME be, Me = ty BA g slug, KABARR, 432.28/8 9.207a/e RE _UES OP aT STRATE wea ok BRR pf EERO = ect ame Nim? FRAT, MN fn 35, REP IN BBORA AN/ A re me Pas QM Néon?, ORAL KPs MPs, RUC a te aH mE isi Be wf ERR a RUNG“ wate Neoprene stat ORAL Ros HSE aE dF 5 RL, M PRAM EE AUIAR, HERO (RAS RMP) aT, KK me i Bel AF 2 St {mks} ke m 5 N agem f6NoY US (Fp) slug f . toy IstugeitClbey US (ibs) De fe 5 tb 32.2lban fe /C1bes?) an ig m * hs 9807 eam fhe?) AR, TAPER fe, BY 100 Cb,) HO, HELD MRA RH F= m-a/q= 100% 32.2/32.2=100lb,. Xt 1001, CYA CRANE AY FER) RRL SEAAT) = 100th, x 0.4536kg/Iby, = 45. 36k FRAR CEA? AA AiL) = 165 x (0.3048m/f)* = 0.02832m! RL DMA AM RST ERT SR Oy AN, AMR HAE 2? SME MOY g, TT Sl F = m+ g/q = 45,36ke x (9.807m/s?)/[1kg + m/(N + s?)} = 444.8NFos: F = 100 x 32.2/32.2 = 100IbeC ALS 4 100Ib) JRA ASE TE eS /ARIE A —§ Hf 1000 HSER GPT 1001b HY Hf) (HL Sat — a ey AE UW EMSS AE g = GQ PTA, HOA PD SRE, UE thy Alb. FL SEB F APIS HB at / AR i BAO. RE y= BAER Si: 444.8N/0.02832m) = 15706.2N/m' = 15.71kN/m’ Eps: ¥ = 1001bf/1ft? = 1001bI/£C( 2% pet) = 0.100keE HE p= RRR Sle p= 45.36kg/0.02832m’ = 1601. 7kg/m? = 1.602tonnes( Zhi) /m* = 1.602Mg/m? = 1.602g/cm? HEADER ATUL ST GReTL EE — EN/m' _ 1.602 x 9.807 _ «mt SI: a 9897 = Ee GORKN + 5?/m Fps: gp = 100/1fe = 100pcf = 0.100kef FRE FARE y= 624pel = 9.807KN/m?, BEET AR AF RE Bh BE BO HO HEAT = 2 — 100, - 3 Sko vs a 9.807 = gy 4 9-807 = 15. 71KN/m 15.71 Fpss y= oat ERMA AE SI WA Pps HH. LUE THAR AT HERAT A HARADA IT — 2b EEO, Ski F X 62.4 = 100pef x ft RB thsf=47.884Pe 501 2hsf* Lren/ t= 95, 76kPa 100k Tkg/em?= .976t0n/ 2 Tron/fe #8 Ut FPR ATH Lg! em? Lest Bly EBL AS. EP OREO ton Cog) vol FEE RR AEE FE. RE ST SHE RIE, ton? #9 tsf ft BUR Fo 18 VHRR HRT HBR A LH BREA RE HULA ESE 7 — 14 SEAR OSE RTS ARAB, Hei MED BLT EAT AO A OR AYA ALO 10% —30%., RATE © HEAL Toon CE) FF 2000 (hc TBF tone th “Ei” OER APREME AMA dL Reet) 25m (one)19 ROSTER 11 (UE AE AB RAT EE SH AR, BRA FT A HF He HEA EAT AT A BAK SO REPT BRA CR FD Wi Ha). BARRA HAL, TTT SPA RAR TRE A TE 1.0 1) Bee SU BL (0. RE) tA a). MEPL TERRTE RRL Bb HUET AL Rab AR OY a 2 HBR, CILRHE SARS 3 AH 8S, REGNAHHABETED, ASCR AMUSED RAR YAS 01 EE EME, BARR MMT HE CARIN) HA. AAR ALA PLR ER JANG AN HR ST POAT ES ARR, UB ER A a A SMALE ATR HE, ETE I EO PE. TTT APR ARES REA Fit RRS, UBER ee OP LRM RETEST A RST Aas FAR ‘19 Rab p a SIP EB TRB it BOLT SNL Bl ET AY S/R, RATELY DERBEF: 1. ERRATA GE ETH ae CR) ee KERR AGRE. 2 TBE SAR AN Be A oH a TR, Ge OER RD AA Sp 2S BOM ETS Oy fb 3. TUES RIE ARK, RISE 2. BRAT RATA ARAB, RATE Cl) ARE HOMIE, REED ASR, 6. RAM RE RATER, NATO LE 7 PRM WSS Cid, MARR, RAS) Hom BPR eee Peet eR, co AREAS RA RS AR RAPT). META PERIL AE EAT PA RAE, RE aT FE SH YS aS Ha 4 ABSIT A RRS FT BA ALT ED A BT LA 3 OE, LYE FE), MO FCAUA 2b Bb SH. SAPD RTE eH 38 WY A 3 SEE AUR at Bg oe B. FATALE PLP AS A AE EE ESB — AJ A RAB EO. RE BIB I PER — ARRE — PAE CH MET J CE, BSS TER, De rR eA Rae T Re PYRE Oh, BAIL eb ARIA Rea PE, SHUERG ROBE, CR oe LRM TAPE LAO TERI ESE CASI EE AUR Cal ARE") AT TT REESE A, = ABH, KML TRE y SME ORAL, PN NREL Re Hea RAR LTT HELE SEA HEMT BYR YES TS A A AH RTE12 Fit He PRIMA A, iG MTG AFB AL LAR DAE AR TC HL IP EH FAL. GAS, WUSUERAR CE “HERB” OCR, i MII RSE Be AA Be a BRE SUMATRA” 5 BAAR HY PUAN St BY UA GPR RS WY 9 PRAT DAM ELE RB EN, PULP GRABER A LORRI {ERSTE RCIGU (RT HEE RIP ARR A, ROR PO BEI E TEER FMA) AS PE FRR, FURIE RT Bo LR. RET RRO, URS BE AS RR A PTA RG, TR ET LT SCTE Hob S84 TE ip BR RARE T-BAR ARETE BE HAR BB YT Ae HF RRAK ARR, LCRREAA LESS AO “REO” FEE FRE ALTER 11 BR TO ET RO A ET FT. PRA ER Ct ) ACT, EA TOA EAR AM DREAM ff), RAR TI, Kae B98 EP A ME AI Se RR, BOE FE file FEHR, KSRAR TRH 8 A, A A SESE SP A Se PE] CADSR AS) SRS GERD caer RAE). URE TR RARE SRS, MRE STH S aE eR FPROESMLE PRADA PET RMS LE. AER OM, BA TERT EE, EPR RR OR A A FAIASSHRPE, MMM? RAMP NCAR RBA RO, Be ‘*PBITPRE IBM PC/AT AMBER! 5 Lath ak 3.5 a] RHEL, © ALI, WR MERE AO”, LTA Me CE) RAI, RASC Peni Ae 0 FE CAAA ATR LAH. CANES, REAP PMMA RE TERT.B22 SLHRRA Re, SAise; ie SSE 21 41 = AMS LARA LPR A, RMR Rt AC TS oh RO A PE BARR Gon, BRR RED i 1. RMS ROSIER GRUEUEBEE) ECHR GAUDI n: REA 8, bia ee 2, OMAGH AB FESR C. AURA Cos ARR SSE COMAPI C,; AAMC KAR Coo 3. BH AROM BE y; WE GCs URL e MILE A; SKK we, (GWNRRERSKE, HL RRR, HPRROR, Ml wp RRM), 4B, LA OBE CHBRM), 2 RARE. ERTS HS HME, SABER REL. KELLER ELANTB SAM, NTH GLEAN, ~RATER Rib AP hl, 1, ERA ah. BEA BEA CE ATER ON RA Of fey, (LAR SERRE CHITA), USCREAU RATA Cee, 2. PARE (ABLEY Dy 0.03m5) RIDA TCC HE SA a TA ce RYMILT LAR) OAR, ROR BOREL ate, 3. SBR GAA, SRR VON ER. A SHH, HURTRAR, Mi ROME, REINER E RS eR Ko PUB AE T i RA RN, ME LEAH, MANTRAS AY AOER-MEAAREH (BARAFAST ROR), KEMEH SAR LAR SFA HB AR — FAAS YB} BI 2 TA FE HB, 0 RTE. Chum, eT SAE HSIN ASTM DOSS ORT SR “ERRGR), MMT E MFRS (ho) DTH, APR (ED DARL. GTR INER, WO RAILR. HS po RAPT Wits GAEASTM D633 BIER. GuLaeTerEE,14 62% BLOAMARA MMH, TARR, AS KE 4, SEA DUN GE ABR ETULARHHM, CRAM RTT F—e hae NMEA. 1 BER 3 TA ICS UR TSR aR AA A AR ERS FE TO UR SB RHEE FU, CRUD Maze PIES TLE SL RAL EE eA EY LTT A MS AAPOR ARORA, CARE CRM) Mikitee MEUARE RRA, HARA EA SRA, SRE UH AERA BS, HREM SUEETLS, RECREATE BUGS, MME SBR. 22% Rt AN) ARSE-D EEASE EER OR SB" bP Oe RB i, HORRR TT AEA PAR THT LA TS , (LE A OURS SMM MEL Pt Bob. LBALBAIRS, RAR RAO AT ERE. BREA TRICE UE, AURA mT Me, AEE SBE, Bk TE, AREER 2-7 WRT RAMEE. LRA RAI, PBA) EO ORG OE, HE CRE) FULL ZIT CRSP ALR BRB REAL, RAT LR CP AE). AL AG Fit, FUROR ak, SRC CARR). Skane, BT HOUT CA BUR). CORRAL, RROUK- LRG ae LR OR AL”. BiB L, FBC PARE, SAAT RL, ROK ok, aL Bik cb PAAR, EROS RK a OL CEA PK ERE T), RE 1-1 Sa LUA RAL BML", RRLO PEER, ELBA BORA ERETTRAR TH, AER GRE TRR. HEM BL, ER DEOR, K, KLE NME RR EERE REL, RB eR" PASE EKO MR, BAR TRL TIE ORE Le T) SPER SAMS, MRL LTR. RM AEAy RAR RRA UCR. RRMA, ECE UE mo AE LU RO. ME RL, Hee RIS ET PRD hy PUR FRR HIE, PECL EDR AREATHRR, AUTRE Se ok AAEM RAARTA TRE. WHETHL, HHRERARKAMBAINt, Ree Ho RMS RL MAME RMR, TLE, ATER ARNILBOK, se AAR RTE. (LE, FREER, bLeeM ER Rey, ARETE PP EE RR SW RALU AREER, G2, WARES Ma ARTE.23 LRAREERGEA 15 23 LKARHERUKA AAIAE SY A — MER Hy PE HBL TE RHE EY EE -RBLEA M 2-1 BAMA I EET Pa LR A 21 HERR (a) EAR SHER, (4) PRBS TLRAIER, Cc) LLIL REIN HERR ALB e. CEAT ERB EET, FLOR V, SE MORI BR V, ZI, RELL se RR. ve c= yl O S815. 19KN/m! PRS: RIL ce ALR MT PRR y-w_ Mm [ow /1+ w))V, _ 1.898/1.225, _ 9 suey, Gy Gshw Cou 2.60 x 1.0 Vy= V,~ V, = (1.000 ~ 0.596) V, = 0.404V, _ ¥: _ 0.404 = 7, = 0.596 = 0-678 VY, _ 0.404 | n= = "fog. = 0-404 ah 40.4%) PRA: BROME S, DARA KHKE, AMR SPL HRRR STR BLS, HR My = M.~ M.= uM = 1.898 — 7a = 0.349g( 4 -L ARGS V, = Tem! Ht) HTH G. AX (2-6) AMARA “g” AD “om” HABE v= My, BRAT 5 = YP x 100 = 389 56 100 = 86.4% PRS, PRR RMF (ORM): y= 28 = GE 50 24 PwBtACAERHERAE BMLATREANASHN RS MMR NAS, LERREMARE. AaB Sin ae PATE ARE BB ARR. RRP OA BE LARRRAOUR. RAUL, AE REL PREVA MER, TOME CRAMER BL fh Ses BE, SEL PARE SIR ED a ea24 HOLATAHAGEROE 19 LPRZBS, (PEAR OH ERE, BARR RHTrS eRe, AE SHLAA UTE, AROS He NF ALE A BLT LA AAA BB YS OB Set A a, A ea TH BA CRMTHARARS. RAWAM RACER SRE, PARR +, EPTFE ASSLT BEA A AL slat JURA, ERE RD APSO EL A tA) ARES oR a REA, WORLEY “TERA” (ne) OY. eR, (RA RTCA ERR BPE-TACRAALARY, CHURN ELM, HEALER ANT ERY HARA UM, HUI A Ae I a eR ERS EEE RJ I BY, WRAL “ ” (“SA”) fA. AAV SB AR ASE BAF TAR AR, MAE RE ATA LSE eRe E LA MRE YR, SEL RE ARF In HL RAR WA, (PME TOR RSE, RH BOURNE TT, ARAN PE A RSA, Bi, TAR T A BARB PREM TEL). “HAGEL” (OCR) BE WMA MALA p' SREB p'y ZI oer = Fs (2-13) PER AAREM +A OC! ERDF AAR AM + AA OCR > 1, OCR fe 1~ 3A AA ARS. BRB ERS OL PIE OCR TAC 6~8, SLE RTMEAR ASN LAB AT OCR <1. FERUPMAL FEAR Ab Fd NER, BS (SAA) TREAT RATER EE, ROI HE HUIS, AB HFA RIE IAT A PY TE SES. ESR EE SOAR TBR, (REE RN IR ATA UR Ae A, EIR AE UA ASHE AGMTERAMARSHOKL, FUGA GC TL, WLM 1~3m PARAL FSR, IEF RSF TE RAR. OCR HLM See a Ab SR EAN ES TE AR tT AA 1, TRL TERE ODER AK ARE) A RR, FLUE HH, RARKOILRI. LORY, LEO Swe ee MELE, RO RE KABUL PR, OK K, TRA TARE, SREB ae de 2 ae I REE hE CL BR RS SR PRMERAT RSH ARR (7). PRL OKI, WIE RATTLE ALT RR eH, RL AT RO, STAB. KARL SANGR ENA ES SORE IRA. TEM PEAR SAA, MR MORE, NRRL, SRO E RLS REE, ET, MSTA OR, ERATOR Loy CTU EER, (LESSIG. 1 AAO RA IR ext20 82% EAGUMARH AMEE, THA, UHRA RH Tis A MPR AL, AMA NAP aE ER eA, ACR kN Be, SRE Bia REE BR BR BE SER BE Mh PY a AR FR A Pe BIR AR ATT HET EB BL 1.” AER ATRADL SAE BRLT OME EL. RA LEPRNS BAPE RRR, SPER. SRLS TM Bae, BRL HLA MRR. RAL A, Ee URE wR, mo RRA TE EAR PEL Be, SPCR CR GL ee OR A AE He BA OT HRY MTA) A, RAR, ROR, JA AAT RE UAL CAR, YA AUR ARR EBT BM eM BWIA). MATT, ROD LER ET SL MRT IR, A TT pith UE AREER, BUS AE EEO aE DR, RR a BRAT TAB REAL, TTB SR A, RAR LA “GURL”, WORM RAL RESM RED A BREAN ERG. RRALLOSA LEE MIE, (ROT dk At SAS EE RI AM ERREE A ABER, EW ACRE PELE PEE HATO AREA PSE ABB, ok SL FP AR PEF EPH IR HR aR, ELA RE I ok ok BUTS AS. AKA A AT HE TOR. PELE TRAY Lk, TL SK EY AAA IEE TITRE. SEL RCK EE A — eR, SER Ey HEMP AMELIE, BS ATE ENR. APR RO EA , ASAPH Lee AME, RHNRAN “WL, CARR Re Se Cw SUR) MY, BRM — a RR SEK i A RE A ARN, AR HR OT JW SET EY BMH, LPKMRREA TARR, RM, AMAR A, “Conk A A AR ET BT RSP AE ME LS WTP A RY REA BH HE JS ABCA A BK PO he OK AB KDE RE FRAS BL, KYM MEL ARREST EH, KARE, AML Be LTH Be SS DE AL Py Bh Me TH fH ABBE FE EY EEL AS, ERT SR JERE PL RC TE He eC IE) Se HTL (GWT) BEEP ERAT, ARUREC FRR, zk at et Seti A PARR, ACORN A, SHEL OSEAN, AG RR THE AOR. ES SPLIT, DL PTA PRL “e", EB be Oe DO AI. HORT RAR AA RUILBRLL, MS RCH SURE. EAST, SFR E SLT BRA SOR AY BORER. Ce EE WR AR25 MELE PER 21 EAR ck CARA) WELT RE, MEMO Om, fe TH RFRA AR Ie BAK, ACES AAPA: 30~SO0mm MURR ARTES RY A aE FRAZIER TNL, TOS S| WTAE 25 WRAY EME ARE “FEB PY Dy ERNE HL APH SO LEE LEP ETT RH A OY BEKO Ha RRB. Oa w RA LE AL ET EL: PR IA we ABLE Cor) AUBIRR Cp) BRIERE ARTEL BEAT SPS AEE. LS A A HSE a a AFMAMG AHR CRBS METERS). PEARE (Atterberg) SPRL “A” AR REL ME RO, MALT KE RA 220 He AHSAN HR. LAI MERE RT 220, Bete RT SK Tp Bw, EEE eM, EM RAT OEP, RRUSE AA, LRAT ARABI. K, BRAK oy VAT ATHELLS FO, APRA CLP HBA GB RRS TR FE BFL, FP Ete PoE (GWT) LOPE, TUBPEAARAL, BEA] FLOR He HERR eG aK 3S Tel, AA BNET weno HAC BAL AF HE Fwy BEF wes ME Raa mma Fay BET wp, iL veee aaa ess Boy MF ws Swe ZM, LE a ARE Fwy Pw JL PSI eR a OC AUR Las th TOL Rae RE EMIS}, SAREE RL OCR (RAL AE HIT. ERA on AF wy RRA TRL AAR KEA PIR, LPR Tk RRA BL BEAR A A a BA TY EAR EE CORSE PL ERR AS), (ED WSS, RR RAR SRA AT OT A AS AH TE ee a LAK. EE A BAY COUT BERT), CAE HD A AT BRAD PAY cary HE cy, GR, VL YT BRA. WT SAMRLIAMM, AT “AR” Re, Coe “ 2 Ne (4) P ARTA, 1.21 RAR RARE. ARRAS OREO St © AARNE LS] A ASTM D 053, BSCE RMA CEE TERMDL Ita K) mR.22 $28 ZIGHMAKMHAE, TARE, RA SRA GMX tx wh te. a - 4 one HIME aon wart vom EE ea ee gee Pihite 22 KERR SLM IGHES OKA, (a) ERATURE, Anecberg PRA OLE, WE MALE, APRELM, Te oe TET wp OAD: (6) BRAM Heh, Hea To= Suen (2-14a) BR, BRRAAS on wr, il LARGE RSA RIA ME BEAD BHRLABTATRALHAS, AERUTAR BRA RAAIMA, RIALS ESL BALE AA Fa BERIT AH AO LA POR A BRE Das, DoH DiMA, WME 2-30, 6, “RACREE” HY Des CG BURE HY SSA E MLR FILE) S49 1mm, K Dy! 0.032mm, Heh eae Fy Rae mR am REL ORBAN 0.002mnrn AE ISORL) OY ETE at af ee tn FB as SRAM MATE, PRADA eh AT RO A RR SE. AP a RL oS TLR URFB 230 1. Be 19M RR(BS) (DIN) eB #5 mm 68 nm Som 95am 4 ao | — — 1200 |e ee ao 2 og | 6 os ‘311000, 30 9895 [30 "oso | sop os) |] 28 os 30 oa | 400 apo 29 ago og = = 3 Ce = w 0, @oasi | 280 os | as 86 20. a i810 ot P23 0160 100 oe | s0g onsp Pt ois] 22 os 200078” | 2000076) "so ‘aan | "20.08 20053) 5000089 | 50 aso [ia 0.050 “BSREMIR. POLAR @ feo BRR RCT HH) agp PK , 4 x Sit ool | 2 Le REE 23 Ca) SARITA, Co) MORIA24 2H SLOAN LAME, FAM, OP SMR RL BEY EEL y ASR, HEIR (BRIN PE) IB AT IRA FRY, PREIS IRCA EL SPAR BR SA ST YB WE. BE HT A Ah te = bhi 1a BHM RMSE Te ROE AURA AAS DA VA BPE AS BE DOT SAR, ABA we BL AS BE AT SAY fH. SARI RADA, SEL SELMER CHRD) BSE. BUR ALS 3 ae RLIA aE ERRATA ATOR a I OME, BIL — pe Ca gy Lok eee OE A ASAE — A ILP AREA ALI, REC LHR LR BURRIS Fah HWA, RAS OPER 3 eT) RT RAM HEP EAA, RRR PR ER PE Be, SAT << SiR va* aenae ER Fie RUA RHYL BLISS py UESERUB OCR, EARIEM 5 BEL SE TSE UME, AEA wy ME, SABO T HEME ATA ML AM LD AE SOUR. APP IERIRE LO, HMRI HEA 8 A ABE E IESE, MEARE 1 N/m ae 2AN/ mn > YF EGR AT FL i BM AK HOEK D, A ERATE PANE AE OE ESR HE HE OT RI AR ALL BATU eas DTLBUE Cis De= e, SUPRA CR) BBE 7, AE 7 ARNE Yin LB (2-15) D.= (am ( Yass) (2-16) HAG Hole: (1973), ALZEMUAL (AUG F 200 SHALE 0.074mm) BEST 8% ALP, RAMS RIF 12% 40 EMT PARTE RAE Dy — ARLE HN Ee He BT By A A a EO TT HE {Seed Ml Idriss (1971) ], (BAAR AGE Ey RAW [Socd F (1985)]. MAE SA DIET ATAR LAR (FA 2-30),, BEUM DARA RAE, FAVRE ARETE ZE = 0. SKN/m? BADE Ab BAAN. AAP AERIALS F CIR 20.0kN/m 0.5), iT RU PRAGA L (M1 1S.0kN/m? + 0.5). ARSE ME RR MEL, RRB DESH HRP A BST RAS Lh A a ME TU a DAARA ATA E 30% ~40% (0.3~0.4). 3 SHH TARA DAA — BV, Bowles (1992) TEM 18 HAT — MDM Ee, TAH D RAAT JCS Tal ATL BE,26 RMT POLAS RI 25 EMH GC, ERAS AKAD RMP, SORA BRIE G, THULE. RA SEG, FE IE, MRA MFP ORS, TOA GAVAGE AK, Aba AO SCI — AES 3p ATT A LUE + oy oR a, eA 2.65~2.68 » 2652.68 ih, Rees 2.62~2.68 BE, HoH 2.58~2.65 RL, AHL 2,68-2.75 UF REL RT C,= 2.67, TMF RABE MTR G.=2.0. BEBE Ge, HVT REE PEA ETERS, WZ MERE 3 FRE HRY AoE TT Ra HER RAPES. GC, BRA F 3.0 WF 2.3~2.4, SPR ws SERA ARAR PAT, AMM E. A 2-26 ye MAR A. MOY SAL AT ARE. SLOT wy ERA AAEM Be Oy SLE R RAE, (REDE AV MET ELL, 38 7-0.4 WERT ate ka ATL. 26 KRaekit Pathe Rie SEO CRE ch FONT Rs SO A Hh eT Ls 7D BR a tk A Fy A BA ARE 2. ESE A TUT EEO RD CREATE) Be, 3. BE AE VOLEB UL Be ARSE SDE A BS TA Rt OS, HARA — APSA RE PUAA HED. 4. PPR P ARATE SAR SDN HR AL SR AOULK EER, a SEALAMH STRRBUR, UBZ HbR Mt BO BMT RL RI 6 Ze MOT RL BH NE 2-1 PRO AL RO a (USCS). HASH — MAR BB ASTM HE (A D 2487 (04.08. MBE; MMAR, LTA ach ido HRAEHEMUASS Casagrande (1948) SR WIHEHIAY USCS AUB, AAMBRAT ATE SETTLE ROE A AF RE ER, LURES PAR”, #90 AY Casagrande 8 USCS GOR/I% 2-1 HAFAN E (GP, GW, SM, SP, CL, CHAR) Rt LHEF SIE, SERAB Wit 4 SOM 200 BRAS + Ba Sh Ma aE, Se~PRVU FAW SAE HE WAR TE26 RIK SLOMMALM MAR, TAAM, RAS RAG M EE - API SR Abie RIAA 21) RCA, A OHM aE HM + C13, abit 4 See Ena is BAH 95%, WE | Mas SHER 45%, MA 200 FH HEA 25% 22, FM Wit 4 IEEE 70%, MAL 200 FRAEMA 18%; w= 56 wr | pe a me gc 24, EA, RG, Fe SH LMT, GC UR, Jlehay “Ble” Al “OR” APE We. Lek, He “ARE”, ROME” SELMA RPE. CSM, Bit— Fy mL ate + He — i gi eh a A A a, HL 29 eR a eR” eS Do Hh RY AE PT BIL 5 A HE HL OBE eat FRE 1 sia em, Came 30% 35% We=20%5-25% Lis noma % 7 ee 4 -25-100KPa y meet by Be ewe 4, 200-400 KPa 20 ikem: Y Bree Boo-65m ® © 2-4 SAMA AT. A A eA Re SORA ALTE A Fit. BEAR EOE A Lm (a) SMF (0) BHM: (e) HH SERA LR “OREN”, “RETIN” AL ERAN” (MF 3-4 HAR) Diese BEA an “ety”, “UA”, “ARIA” AS (198 3-5 Be) AR A FHA RAYSTS. SA TITS SL, PARE ARTE TS J tT a, AeA — EM EM. ARIE, AURA HEMT REE” BD, PAIR “Hae EL" DRAB EM EBE. D 2487 SRE ZR TERPS ERR BRE HORAN GH < 15% ARRAS CAEL, LF)26 KML HLAPEA 27 GORBOTE 19% <2 <30% = AAO ELE, Mae FWD NAR Be > 30% RAD MEL, MRA Lae L, aR | READ NTE RAE ASE LAR aaah (ha) Ras SRM RA fe 200 Si EMME SHR CH) UTA, HN ee, PA ara, Bie aE FOE D 2487 POR ACNE, LIGHTER BEIT RAL REO OR RHETT AE Re Hob, PRAT StL wee AR AL ASTM ARAe, HES aI Hh TERT CRA Rw) USCS RET RON. BEAN Be 2-1 OEE 1. 4 wr Te PEE REA BE "A" Kw, = 50%2R, ASR ALHEM SC-SM. CL-ML VARA OL-OH FRE SRR RAL ANT ERS 2. AUS wey Tp ABU CE MU" RS, TEE EAE PE ORE TAL ATT Te RY ek et UU “U" RRR TES HE GDA TRL ER RARE PABST, “TER TAL, AUR RTA, SL a et EOL CUR, MRE A, ER. AIL ae ASU ORL, Bich, ), MITRE RP SBS ee ie, Mt, ERADS. URLS RY TTS), PTR ATER ALS Ry VER” CLARA BY ARR A FA AT RRR AT RAPER (ERR) RRO AA CAR, ANDRA T ARS ih, (EAT HOR AEE REE. BRE RRL Bete DARLENE AT A LR SR ARES RL RI, PAR LE RLS eR Landva #2 Pheeney (1980) Berry fi Vickers (1975) Edil 1 Dhowian (1981) Lo % (1990) Fox (1992) Stinnette (1992) SERUM HOS TBO (OLR) BURA Meee Oy ay BLE". AMAL Maha Fe IEA fo Be CR IP /RE R ROR) AOLEE B, ASTM (D 2487 9198 11.3.2 7) AAO D AAMAS (22-4 “A” RRA OL. ALOH) RARE FAERIRDI, AUER PERI, REPEL PEALE 12 het, JpxtHe FSO EA AME PORE, AURIS AEA IRN PR ERRLAY 75%%, Wide JE “APL”. ASTM D 2974 88 tH FSET BLE FL RE, 0 AE Dias) (GLH) AER LCA Sem eR CRAM RR Ca 4 ep (1982) ILA, SRETREOYBER S82), McGrew-Hill Book Company, New York, NY 10020; ‘Tel. (212) 512-2032,BALMER GA RAL E, FAAS TO SRR RL ele 28 Boma Chern et ee “ BOUT R-O Pa eB wizeratia | PY hee ee oR Ee) OE 4. wnat > bee me . alums ll Z omy Ber BoRER a WS Th i BY, Bw ‘ea Tae wie | reer Te — hymen af RBS RR eb me DBO MS Es PROS ne useemam ie | eNe a mM me levee | ™ ay] RABE. “wets eh & quan n WEE LEE CE as ae Ge pee Geta 9e¥et 9 | ws oo Wo ‘eax | ame anew BRE tas BAe se ARE ‘a a cE TWA | MS “dD “MO HS Ee See 39 (amy oor EY) wv. cee GPRD WEE | WMA e cae , : =8H WZ eit aE ar BaER 6. wT a BY CAE PMS 000 od 6) 98 (ae tele emp to Gi | &) wee WEG SRS ae wo | ame Eee Tey, g | 2 oR | ROTM EAA Tae oT 7” boyy ae ne cow's pe RHELEROS “GER a ERO BNO BRO Shee oe Tae RE ° Oe ey S4¥e ie « ad apeuimce ‘ase! nan Bente ego tebe 9 BE Ue AN " ° BERGER ate SHEET OOF Mee [(p86T) apueraesey] Ree — EEE2-6 RGR ELAS RR 29 SRG HiME RS NE LAE 0-80 UE EG EM RE SON TE CL. ERT EE RLY <« SPREE CCU" Be UP TRSIEA IM OSE HAZ Be RY RI ETE MERE RET TOW PLCS WS OF ND HE my + cd HewU eRe MEN a eS waae cor os oe oor oo, I ra 4 a = WE FRU "0 i Faa Faunee "> (05 Ew no FR oc Ho 'mHW s/ +8 ee | i we TMaEweROR BN RRate of |pyeeze taux aM UuMe : oz 9) ° see 10 Fam lor | we mO Tee qj FHF “ ls | aaa epee raw! (os LIND 2 TRANG Faw A tsa og Tomaonm ara 62 A mL 812m, NON HOP EnKISOS ITE ME CHO MIOT aay | BH RARER Ww FTTH WWI 'S 6a ON RHE MUM NT RMIT wv, Te | OR CMR FANT ue OERE i oraw oir z ES30 FIF FAGEMRALM EG, RAR, ERA RR IR AM if fate 21 py “A” AAA EGTA. AVA (OL, OF), RRR FORE w, AME HE "RA CE, ORR E MT “ALRL” Oe Ase SL ARE AI “ARLEN” FIRES OL BR OH. RSS ALR OR ARDY SPE AN, BORN TRH eR es], WB RAHM 1. AML PS AE SR A 2. WT ESM MBL, TAKAO OR ORBLE) FLA Re ESHER EER, BRM, DSE—PRAU AAT FRE LMU RB BA, RRA, MLTR REEL EL EAL ial, ETA A AMBRE 9 AE ARAB BI 7A AE AA 3. RHUL PF BRED BE ABT a. BARA ESE, 6 SL MHI PRR. BROW, Mwah, Tae TR K, WEL: SERS, Met, co GENRES OL, RERDEMLTREAEH OB, FLRR (HTAPBERAE), WB. A. Hs BR SOE EAL ZS FAS NL SAT A A BE BR ARLM EMS. 27 EOD REZ He HAV PRRALNARE PREDATES. oh, BIL Ha ee LEAR LA RR, ASME. WTR, babe aoe Re FE ee BANGS, PMP ERED STS bie Feko BTAT ALA Ba A EI BRE A eo NPB, TG Sk A 2 a ADGRIN, BS TIME, ARR, ELBERT. JOR FANE REM TEARS. BA LATER CTT) ~aRER MERNTRAMD SG HRA TS, OT LL ee Re HE Bho AME ANTLERS RPE We. TES RT, RR (RNAS) Te LEE AZ b, ERR, REE it Sat Ai Se LH HFT Be ARAL, PLLA —ALHOL F, EA TLP IS AMADA, (LESTER LEPAT REARS, OM MAUR OTT AE. AIR OO ASE oH BER CORE HAGRIE AE) SCPE) REREAD OY SR ALT Ra SARA SRR A LIRR TERM ARAG EAT > ~8 (310) om,27 LHPRRH 31 BH AS CT ALT HAREM RE AR Le YL RR a BID FRA, TPR REEL Pe COEUR ET) Bt, Se Re a ke EY AT HPS FU. APRA OAPI: ARTO SER heya aE AES EE, TA EE Ay Bae BN, HST A EEO RARE GD RR HOR Zi AAA SR Be BAR AE AN A SRN. BR Bb He , WR 2-2 Aim. “RA” ROM, THRASHER, hae NANT RAB). RUMOR” FEE NEBL RR ok ok JN BL JE ARIE Be OE HA A a Hh. “HA” LAMM BLAH eA GERAY 6~3mm) MEG, TRF FREM ABA, PER T > 6mm F< 3mm AL AALS HE. OMBLAAMELE, EMER PRE OMERAER, Rt BA, RMHKEMAB MARA TRE eS, BA LUN EEE OTT EAB ETT BATES Lb RR RAR RNR 22 + # Tmt ee ) Fa nm et a, kere 100 = ; #E, APE 5 as 13 ROLE Bw 2-8 0.074 45200 Sir Bt .074~ 0.05 0.006 ar zt 4.006 tT RHEL ee 0.002 0.001 Corea RK 0.001 2 Bt CMA LET, HHLABLOSRTR, CHER AT ERE, BER LRAT, BABI 0.074 ~0.001mm 8 1 A1A BE BA Le ERE, WREATH “AB L” (OL, OH), BURR HEM+ (ML, MH). POLAR, CR TE TERS ANY LOR Lek ANTI, ERE BOREL RR (RAE ATML), BRO FLL TA, RUASBMRLRAOBES TRLTOHACBRA (LR PLRAR SS BOE HE), BRON 5% ~ SHEET OE TELM AER, BORK DBRT BARREL TH IR ay ee, BUR H, PLUMMER GEAR AA) RAE OBL. RAL 58, Wa 21 hay A” AAT AE” ORT, He Pe, = 35H To= 15 HY CL ELISE) ALS w= 60 #1 Ty = 25 04 MH GREENE) ETE mh TATE (<0.002mm LF) SULRRORTROES, RRS32 F2F FLMMMARHM eR, THR, ESR RMR KREME ELD OR AGES. RELA IR SR OK Al,Oy" 2 SiO) *kH2O- TRARY a Mk ASAPH, MRM, RSA LW AR FOKtE, FR SE 100 A. KR SK (EP) TRL EAR A. LS AR APRS, RM — PRET TAPE (RELI) HRM, BRA RAIA AERA L URSA TOL) Ae EE” AUER. TMG Ey RE 3 FEET “RA” ——JE 3 RAD IVE ERR IY. JURE (AOR RK HEATER) 1 ERE A nts OE TR THT PRL FLIER. RO SRR Ea Ph FORA PPE UBER TORBIR TERRE 7 ACHR) BIR FI. Bore SEIDEL 5 La PBMC 2A FE ACB IC ARO A BH FR ARG Bee SERRA TIY Ip THA 150 WL, “PAE” —E— HEP SHRED, ASG G MY 1p 24 30-50, “iH” —— FETE RS HEE Oy. EUG NE LD A ET ah, Ai HL fe 2S a, AR BY Ty Hy 15~20, RL OR LY BRE, APR A TA RL ES HER, MMRRTERPAS, REAR. AAS BL Awe ALE ABLTH. AAALAC, RRA SRL SRC Th, USUAL, DA AAC RRNA EE Ws RAD SEWER HAY BL, MARC eee IR 2-4 Peay “SEER ARAL”, “CEU” fe “POR” Heo aA A ae i. RAE AE AT Leda Bik, “NR ALAR Et TF TARAS aR Bee AR ae LA A A PER, RS I UE Me a. “COREL”. AERA VET EB IMIS Shey — MERE 5, OER”. RARE SAMO ORT, PLLA LMR, RE, c. “UL” aR ORRBE RUN". RAT AE ATTRA. BRT ht AUREL FOG, SEH TAOS A ALK LR ek, AR MA en eA RR SBE FH DUR + UK BE BFR. “OK EME BL” AC THAR AK IITA PA ET AR, ML” AAT AEC EUTIE, CURA O AIRE ERY, BRR Hi AN CHL BRED, OG FE BLK IL AR Be TERE CA), RAE DK JIS TAT) FAT. PUKE SEMEL RT OT IE, A HWM Sn BP ie DEAR ELE 3 FARAH AT, d. “HOE L”. PE ERAN BY AK, ERAT ABA 2. BL". RP RAT] A Te EET HE RU,27 +H PRE 3B 6. SRL. BD. BLAKE, H—MATLA, haw“ e” O it). 8 BE. URAL ANE STL Be i aS HS Se HY} A, AGA SE Me 2s I ML eT EP RS RTI AT OFT EAS. ARTI, Ze, FAM AEN ea BHR, HR, AL, MARS RPMS et) RM HGRA — Be aE Ra, RB he DL”. ALAA TL OS KR A, ORB". TERRA PE Fe ERB ROA. ZENA AE, TERT BY = AMAR 5 LED AK PR A BRAN EAC RE LY OL, EUARAARERA RM, Min, RA ARE NOTA RET SOMA A BRE. BAN Af Mp Sa ae a SAA HY CAL, 38 A SKA THRE NE, ROKER, foi sls 6, BALI. PRMD ATIC RIA DTA TE ETH, Oe FA, NEALE Ee wa, AST He BE REBATE MS A eh SEH OT AEST MAHER GOEL TRE RD. CRNA RT RL HS LARA RETRAIN. BURN, ROVER LIE OO BE BUHL OL RAPD. MER MEL ER, TUR “SRL. BL — Ab BAAR aE. J. RAL". Arte ERE 500~ 700m HE TEA, Pe GEEK, ATRIAL A DM ARAMA UR AUER AML), WEI PERE MRK, EO RA, AR REAR, A MELE", HEME ARTE NE AL BBP, BEE Ay POSE fe BEEN, BOL AI A BURL, BI Ta IOUS ALR ANDER, BOER BIT, A FANS AERE RIE BLL, TOS pH MLA sIR TF CHMEAT 7) HADEF HEME. JOY BEATE SLR, EE FROST, ENGI, PEE PHN DS i cea, ALA EM AL SCAU. PLIES AB Sh Hh AB OY Te 1 RE AUER RAL BZ, EO Mala BATRA PIES RERAG bP RAB} OT eR + ote Bt. . me OUR" 5 AER be SO R/C A A LS, EE SKLEAROEAM, DAES LTA DASE, TRL BE A Ee A LA TTT I.. HLYB Underwood (1967) ORE, Wa HHANERIAE, COURTS, UMA RNT REI RMTRE (is DERE) MTRAA, THABRH ERASMAS, RIM tT AOL BEERDR, SDR ALR AME A FRE OL AL ATTE,, RS A AS TTR EL ALE #, GR Ahan ARBRE TER. FESTUS EE A A FE PE PE, 48 AURERE RL. TORT MACE RES ALA ARSE, MRR TO34 2K ELSA Ae, TA, RR SR, cA, SEIU OIE. EST, WEBUEIT, AZ aS REALE FRR ERIE, BT EA HL HLM, MELD A HR, HRKORMA, MASE 12.5kN/m? (RE REWS) FH 25.1N/m? (REA A). 28 RRBNE KORA EE fore HRC A BCR AB a A A A, A de TPA TE a ST BR) ARTA “BR” RRS A. Sh Th de, SERIE FA HLS WS Aa Nt MAL a a BADE. CHRUAG “VR” i, RAWAM AS HH aI EMA, Hee FUG RUE RSA A SPEEA AE Re ee, AMUSE AMG TH ART, SR, ROR REP /TIMt, CE E A PS Pe H, BEERILAGLORABM (ERS) WA. 35 WRT CRAMER LANRRRAS HAR, EUR GLA PU 2 OOF He EG. PA EA EB ny Hi BERD y., BRN x, RR FARE 2 OR LB yt HAT: Po = Drei (a) HALE REM MBA y= Ay + Agz™ (6) ERE AL, Ay WHR, m TANS ILT RE © She AE Sh BAB, ERTL, AE 5—10m BARE A, EK ERA NES CAPARERH). K-HTEROCLES UL “ER, HER Hy, HMR, MK (a) BER. EBRELTRAKSEAR F, AER WRI" p'o, BELLE Ra (GWT) UP RRALOHRE, AR ROT v= Yam — Ye Cc) AP MER HABE, SHY SET BLA, ALOR ee de Ky HEB UURUE FA RCP BBR AL He J PS i LR sk ey a WATER. UE, EAE y EOE TRB, BRULEE AAR Pa Ry RAR, ATMEMMAR TA, HRS Re. TEASE EMR ry Da, CERT Aah ag “ABE pT ORM Oyo WE RACKS Bw AS be =F (a) ERASER, PALI 2 Abe,28 RRBDS KA 35 SBC, LAP PEE RAKE AMARA RARE AEA BR. MEARE AE Fe bE MA. Ke RAR “TRILHS” BE Ky IRAE, Ko HE MW Ko= me (2-17) 25 EMT SE Ky ANA R py To, WRK. ERA ROR “SO EE iS AB A S/H Po ACB 2-45) EAESRHE T EAR HHS ERE (o,A0y)e APART) CLI 3-5), TOTES AER Ky BA + Sh AE AY LAE. Abdelhamid #1 Krizek (1976) WET ARE AAR Ky YIU, SE Te SEBIRMAATLOTAR HN, EBL (EA 2-260 ) ik Aye TLS Ry em a A AH HARES RETRY, CARER, ASR T, MRE JAAD EAE LAME, TREES OUI E.Mey SAA STAC AHR. Pitta; a nth, EAE de EE DA HEN EARP 0, me: Als Ete PSA RAAT E TER, SRA RRARLO SMA SMEL, 18 py MAREDTRERE A RAR LMR EAR, Boy bt 7 AARP EE ATTA AR A A A HE TE SB Se SHY a, STR AA AR BE Ja AES “gH LOL Jeky (1948) SA TOE FLAWS (OER, AN, REE) HEE Ko Hu askin e © ATATRRRNCATENT OM MARL Lh, TRO ER,36 #2 SLGERARHA, KARR, KA SMA BIR Ky = 18881 + Sing’) (218) Esa RG PRR EY “Jaky A") HMPA: Ke = 1 — sint” (2-1Ba) HERRERA, FLAS RAH Ko BORER H (AS HS HE LH SHARAD FTF [ Mayne Ml) Kuthewy (1982) 69 ARTIS A], MASS Re RT TERS OY A AM OY SHY. Kezdi (1972) BREF, SEI Jaky ARE RE Ka= (219) T+ sing RH BORE SKE, RRA ERS, PAARL Raat Ky AY HARUN. HE UE ARSE Jack ARM RAE SE Brooker #l Ireland (1965) WMA) F iE WMA AL TRAD Kg = 0.95 — sing” (220) Alpan (1967) @DOSTIE S 2a 098k + RAL Ko = 0.19 + 0.233logie1p (2-21) Holtz # Kovacs (1981, 7619 11.69.£) Hi T—TATR (2-21) HHA Ko = 0.44 + 0.0042Ip (2-21a) X (221) Al (221) PY Ip RARER, A Koy ARSE SE ABLE A ETS CN TARAS, RA AR AS HH HA BIRT Ko BR. Ht Hooke SH[R (2-64)] HM, WAAC (2, x) MAME GC) HARARE eH O= Bylo — Hy ~ 19.) = ee APE MA o,=0,=Kooy, HURA LRT EA Ko- Tey (2-22) ATRL, AE pp O.3~0.4, We ETRE Ky =0.43~0.67, GAR Kq=0.5e SHEE MALO Ky RTT RM ES AA, TE ee a te (OCR> 1) RRA T . PA SCAR [HL AY RSL SA TH Mesri #1 Hayat (1993) RAMSAY] THN THERE CAMERA WSBAR. HRA oT LAY BRAUER: Alpan (1967) FURR RRA PRI ARGH Ko oc3g FES MERE Kouk BRA Ka.ocr = Kose X OCR* (2-23) PH nn SMR, LOMB AR, CHM 0.25~1.25. “BLD 2” fi) n (EAT 2-6 BTS. TEM “ASHE”, Wroth ff Houlsby (1985, 38 12 70) ln HT:28 AAHAS KR 37 n= 0.42 StE—Ip< 40% ) n= 0.32( 880 tE—Ip>40%) ELE AD Hm SAR BB SL AB hE TT oD GRAS HY 0.95 ~ 0.98 [Hamouche 3 (1995) ]0 (26 WEEE [91F Alpan (1967)] Mayne fl Kulhawy (1982) BATT et AHL, ARH ORIG" (Hn =0.5, BF DL, Wn asind CTA RRMA, LER ARK HETBUET ST AT BLE Alpan (1967) AB ROERH RBM Tp CU AURUER) BT “ME? HY Bn. BATE PM RARE LARA n= 0,54 x 10 Flt (2-24) MLA RA, BAY m WRAL n= sind (2:24a) BTA eH Wroth 1 Houlsby (1985) iH 89 an HARA (2-24) BMA, tek (2-26) FORA “HME” Tp FT (249% 30) BDA n= 0.42, RAL “HE Ip APES (294 65) BNWGB] m = 0.32, Mayne (1984) SEMLAT RAE RBS (2-23) TSOYA TRASHY Ky, ocr WAL, HEAT — He RL He HE s/ p’, RUBLE 4-5 sat 3 BRS RE At). IL Bh, A (2-23) TARA IR FT RB BH A, EF Om BAB A 28.1 RMI Ky RE FER 2-4 a RAL (OCR) BYRIAR, Oy TET OR Ea SL at ae ocr = 2 (2-13) Po86 OF 2e FAGRMARAA A, RARE, HR HE EAL EMER p’g TUE, RTE Dp’ ASCE FERE WSU MAR, RRR) OCR RTS. Bat EO eR FASS 2-10 APSE ABR GA p'oo 3 SET RE HAT BRU OT IE ER CLARO RL s/p') CRP AY 1 70 Be) AU ELAEL, FER Mr PE 211.9 FAY 2-36 HE #81 OCR. UR 5 /p'o Hef CR HPACSCO RUS 5, RELL IE MERE py) POEL dt CHER 3 RPM) THES OCRMBBKARR, FAAAIA Chang (1991); RIG PAM RE OCR = 22(s,/ p'odeny (Te? ocr = Lief blots = 0.08 + 0.551, RA BL HEARERS ga th = Wet Pod 1 Po Po Ny S, = 0.11 +0.0037%p — [ W3X(2 -60)] RA EOL Bit H OCR MF OCR — (S/$,) 340.045) FE 311.1 WSR A TRA RRS RR (3-17) 3H OCR HH — HK, SA i ADAIR OCR = 0.24K}* EERO, Ip BUTE (HRP RER): ¢. WHREA; py HRM (MEA ft) ERASE A: Ny SRR, 4 OCR Sn se Ee Ak, ORO — RE SPARTA, BABAR RUE T Te. RB a Bae EL I PACH AK SER, SALA AT oh LG Q = HT We CBTBE & PRETEE A, m!) Q27 Ket bY kA, ARR, k'~ Jkk, ORAL Ble A), Pleo FEW EAR, H—STRABKAB, ms may gS a AR FA AT HD WB RARE, mi 1AM Ch tt 1 KS) RESTPANAH, HERRERA SALAAM BRAT EAE RY SUPRA, Le eRe La Be ag A I ET, LA HORE CLEA 2-12) SUR RATS AT TEA YEE / ng EAT TR CHL AY 4/7 HH 4.3/7.5) OTR OT, ABS 5 EDIE A BIW ays, BW nes OHA, CM H/C ngs) HELO KARE. HF ngs Maps PHAS, NOME. Alt, DAR Hy ngs MAE BLE HARON EMU, Bea 4, WEE nas = ES i -RARRT BEAK 125% HAR. FI 212a Bia AMER CEASERS IMA) REPBAEADOORE, AREAL SASH Te ARG HET. ANAESTH RTE , HFRS RAE, RHTSMRT LARGE — AMM [HTM Bowles (1984)]. (Ol 2-3) EA 2-120 PRA PRE H=6.0m, by=ky=4X 1050/5, Ym = 19.80KN/ mm? () EGS: AB=2m, BC=2m, CD=1.5m, DE=1m. aR: a. SRK ALE C1 R= 86400 #); 5. C RAMA BA. Ma RRR CRE n= 4.1), BRAM PAPAL, SH, =64+2= Sine HERBAL W = Im RAK (2-27), AH Q = bt Bie = 4 x 10° 8 x Se x 1 x Be400 = 14,217 HE 6. HC SURAT BIE A. C ARLE 1 OH CR PEA 8 4 AH), C RRM BRED: py=2x19.8=39.6kPa C AMOTH LARK EA, u,=2%9.8075 19.61kPa C RRO ROE: bu = X8X9.807=9.81kP bo = bo (ust Au) = 39.6 - 29.4 = 10.2kPa EF p'>0, SEUAREL ARS RE BL,48 $2 SEHMRARM, TARE, KASH REMAN mies 2 t PERG @ @aM: O= 210% to x8b x Faheas 400 24 5K 0 F212 BRE a Re 9 a (SERIAL ROLE, Co) REP HRA oc 210 A R # AEA MBA RRL. SCL. HAE) RAT, Ha oer, ET PRPTREALAS, QA] READ RRR RTA MXR AN aE SEPA ARG ORE AO, AME LA ORO. PA TLR SCBECML RSE CRB) RATER _LA Sit R ROTA, GX ARSHYERE SAPS ANAL, ALLER SIRS OMSL A TO, EASE EI UBT CME, ARRAS AB SP ER MT LABEL MESS, TTR HEHE CR RAAB AN, BFL TEAR OT a0 BT MERE ®t AAR. 0 SHERRATT NRE, RARER ERR Ss CAME IIK, ILA TE ASF PRE” ARITA BIBER WOR KAAS APPS ARO, PSSA — Ray “ME” BAe at ‘+P RIMSR A.20 8 & RB 49 EA EY RY, RE PLGA EA, ILRI LPR ET ZL K BE WHE (S—100%), Su BURMA, MA S-0%, Au RATA TT RLM A-EKA TR EA OR, We “BR ARH (IRIE EWM) OR EMR, ARE, REET ERR Ly AEB PLE FPPR AGT He A ETE EE A ty a ty ant = J Stas = [ede (2-28) oF ° BRAKE Ly Bibb, MRM Ag MALWARE, CE Ly TRON, LR Raa RW AH = ely (2-280) REMRAATA WEE EHTEL RAMESH, MA FELASA ARGS AMR” ATR ISA LT RA A I FUER Aq, ESL Ay ROMA DOME ANON 7H RR A A TR, SR EEE AS ORES FOEET EES HP AEE LINE, ARR B, # aq HUTA. SEP SAAR, MEA ae, RPP Au RE BE GERD se MURT) AREF, MOABARTL BRK FE HT RA Se St a AAR, AMAT RRR. FG, ACB CGE AE PTE As 1. HERES AVE? (HR BOR F RYE a 3 EAS) 2, RSP OLR AY 2A A BE Let BT? PA, HA (2-28) TAPIA MUTREMT RE RSP A AB SER. BALAN RE aR A TASH AF, ERS (ARTE, FLL ORY) 7 700 ELL Ly WES ADEE READER, ARCS NIE SON ULE ME 3 ~ 10 AVES MR, MIST FE — ART LR IN A, ENCODE LaF BRE, TLR INE L PRAY, AL (2-28) ARATE TH te “ROA” SA: eases a a By 2H, ARBRE an THM SRO, BED PLAN RAL OTT RARE CATE TA GE EY 950% DLL). MUTE TAR “TA” UUME, AYRE ATUL RT Be AR, AEM 2-10.5 BoP AMEE BAS SRT T ESR EATS STS TD AY BS TE SAH EL A MT BERANE» 210.1 KAREN AE A ROR RRA CBIR T AAMC BERRA, RYT RFC, OLE tH Se SEAR. PARA BE ALES RABEL, te Tersaghi 1 20 thé 20 EPR a OC UPAUIOHHERE Lie, TUNG A RE LTTE AES, SOR TL Abie AITO. IAT, te Sa, TRA RAMEE RRL ESN ROR TE,50 FF BLORMARHM EIR. TAR, RE SRAM et 1 BAST ot BS OS 2. TRS IAAI CS = 100% )5 3. ORAL EO TE RPE OY A HS 4. SUBERUN. RYH de, dy de WRRER He, y Ae HELAAA BORA 5S. BREAN; 6. BRERA; 7. EPA RRA Darcy ER (v= hi) 5 8. LK SRW RS 9. LBL e SRA p HWREKA, CLARA, PS RAPORAA AREY, ROB ALHER, WTA FH 20mm HERTS A, HMA BEF e = AN/H=0.5, WMF—t2~ Sm POR AAR, HAULER. SALA DRESS (3-D) WM, see V HEAR 6 oa ay OH 0 a OE P/drdyds = ¥ HERE RAR 1-4 AE 7 EGY, TT AE CAE SARL) ARLMLA POAT), SATA, Tek, WEAR LH 2 0 OB dedyde — (229) LPR SEIABUY drdyde, LAR PALBRAIMIR (drdyde) [e/ (1+e)]. BEB IA BRED SS BL TE AL FL EA, TP BUR Ta 3 ej). av ay (dedode Too) = GP (229a) MF (dzdyde) / (+e) BABAR GRACES HE), MIMD (2-290) me SAL (dedyde)/C1 + )](Ge/de eo SHR GH (2-29) HAE de. dy Hide, WA eh -phe (2-296) FATHER AK SR A Kk Bt ot GRRE EA RE), A = Bul Yo, BAL (2-296) WA ASe-che 30) SEETTALDREL RAR AE p RA ALA ARABS) AN BL ame er a a, A RRL a’, (231) Ae Ap dp ae de ap o =210 Ho RB bt ALLRA PRT HE. HAGOKE HREM, Adp = du, BULA de = aydu, RIPHHRAARA BIR (230) 4, [eate les -% (2.32) - ats AM ERASE S HORE LW (2-33) FRYE EX “RUE RIL” my ESL ATARI SIATALBR IL ep EAP e) 8 _ a ~ bteg om, EAT TY DWE AR A CkPa al MPa), — MOE AMAL JE TEAK (2-28) OB, Wc, RR PARC ER cy = RL teo) | a (2-35) @eYy Mee =a’, (2:34) m, MR (2-32) BH ay _ au (2-36) TE (2-36) GRAAL, —CRAROROET, PARR EE RA 28 LABEL ARAL, Taylor (1948) J Holtz Al Kovacs (1981, tat B2)), 3 (2-36) 69 8R aE: 2,2, (lp ain BB te (sn BE) exp| ESE] (237) ERBWE (2-36) HR, PERRY 22H, WME KE u, 18 PSL. = HAA TTI F RARER, FEE expe Ha e* (SEH ¢ = 2.71828), PARE c, WR, MYL 2 cy HF AER, IFAT PTA S| AA T, REL ATER, TS n=2m 41, m WHO, 1. 2,3, BEL M = Fm +1) RALBSR, WEL (2-37) SH Bt sin Me) xp Mer) (239) RBH (2-39) SH AAR 2/H MARK E, TE A tk, BERL RAR FATE BRS Le a SR a, RARE ART St BS PROS BE U,, BE Fa v= 1.0 - SHAR Laer seme 5 PAE PPL BORE HS a ES A 70 BE A Lt PT HB CEU RAPA T= (2.38)52 #29 ZLGRKAR Em, TARR, RPSMROMAK WE, PETRI. Simpson HR). PAA TR (2:39) HPAL U1 - uj/uy CEP i AME ATER ROR, WAAL BRAKE I weg FE ch HE HEAD)» IE ey AAR cep BEAT ROL APA GE 2-4 TM EL at la), & u-1-¥ qrew(-— 7) (2-40) ETAT RAUBEIO EZ ALAM, AGTH (2-40) RAT ARM IE WEL HES, (2-40) SABI 3 SEL EAD oe CR CAE BY UTS, AR im RO, EA 2BIAT). WT MS TRU MAEM, RMR. OR ME HH, Fox (19484) BRET PUMMAR BA T AR: v= { 00.197 VARA AERTS (2-40) CAA MOY, EP RAS HE OTR it sea Ee 2-4 ita. FRED AG FON : Rr me fran oom 0000 008 aos 031 0030 oon aus 0126 o207 or ozs ost ox 03 oes 0561 06s onee oss Weer tEIe a0 Pee LO, ET VAR EIS PRR POL ALR AA Bet LAM [Taylor (1948)]240 A %& A mw 53 210.2 PTR Shy (-D) Me! BASRA SM, NAR Pp ERE TT LA il, PL ERT AN HEK RAE Ae ST. FEA MT We, ER Ae PTS REF My BE AE EAE. DR bt ee a BE Ky, CERAM EKER h, TUBERS BH HAA LGORE FEAR URL TE AE TS SE i, PT a 8, REA CR) A At B= ARC (FEM) #8. GRERAR IG G-D FEM) AILPRA, A, CRRA ARAL: COR A- AHEIG T, MASRee BL, BRMSTHALMBBRM (hk 2) DTH. BOK, TEM TE OB Fe, MHA RR NE. SARA ES ff = TR A, RANA ASEM ERTS EH. YORI A CRT RUE) REWHBEAZ +, ALAWMARGRATARRERA, WATER Sa. Terzaghi Ji APLAR LEK CANREMEZLT. FSAMRAR PROPER HO, EB LAA SA TA EH We EAHA, RUE RE HH Tekinsoy Ml Haktanir (1990) S8i I —MAS EE. 12 LT RARE REMI ABS SCETAR, Aiea RARE EXSRARY, CHAAR HAOSRRSRH, REELS R REGTAR, ROARS MBACSRRTARSB, BM 20 thie 20 ER Hi Terzaghi PK MAU, HMO GR TEA [BT Olson (1986) HERA RB PARA]. YR EL i Ba i EE FSSA TL A TDS AB cy. MALE EMA p’, SUT SS Ht OCR, APTA SRE ARIA PRUETT, HAR” DR By 45 ~ 11mm A CORD. LAAN 20~-30mm (20m RAK, AAT WOE), RHA PAPEL ERS, AEP EAR LABIA (FEMUR, (EAE, MATE HSE) PEABO, FAMERS MR. RACY BBY Com, AAR LT EL ATR BS ARE TR. YR FEAT Tommi, BUR Teh Sit —§ FPS SHALE LOA, FAS BLT L PES a RL (— AEE LY 25 ~ 1600 B 3200kPa fH E IE AK FA Ap/ p= 1 AYMARA) EMEA, LIRA Ha TLS Ht RR ee 8 TR LHR. ANEMALBLEEN po AUTH Op/p HIG 0.5 ER, ik ML O HUDEKEE ANA EM DITA RE, MRM LIRR TTD Ast a8 tm D 2435 aR Bowles (1992), Rin eA eA mt es RELY © SRR AIRE RE IESTIAM “RORT LAT, Boneh -imee RAPS A RMR aI eR.54 2 TLGRAAM MMR, CARD, LES RA MEM SORE MEM 2 XE PEAR ZS ea ER SEPARA (CRS) ced PEA BE IN AFRO EAN EAS, SELL REA DEAE HS HAR (CST). HAE (CRS) RMT RAM TMA BEA ASTM D 4186, Silvestri 3 (1985) THUS AO) — MA MEE + CRS MI OCST SREY FRR, PRAM T RAL RE, CRS AAR CST BAAR. 4: CRS REP RA ST ARTT ARRAS 9 SE ACA I SRT EI LA I AE, SRAM AE OY RE TORAH. APPR A [a MARC 20%, RUBE de/de=1%10°7 (s")) ATSC AMAT, 15. F IR FY BER ne AE RET TLBOK EE) CHER PRC BE) A BG OY A ATK I HY 3% ~ 30% HEA AS. TRH THE HR e-lomp HER CAVA CST APAS AL, AER OU INT IT RUB RARE «MEARE, TEAL ER BORK DE SEE). HARRI RK, FRB ROLE 2-170 BRAY eclogp HERAT, CRS OX NIRS LE hp’, Wei Wy He WY HTT Ie BU RO Blo 2-176 FDL, BIH clog HART e-logp HALLE AA, BLL ROR RAYS PRA SKAE LBS ABR. PRE ETT el ee ee RO A B, CRSPFRM ENA BBO RAGA (Bl 1995 Ek), AB aL HRS IMA. SPRACHE ARR RRO RAR (AR) KK on MEDC, RH RAL STM AUST BRL co BER SEF LE LRT BRL 0 TRALEE RE, TRAST HRB aL (2-38) ATER oH 48 (SR (2-38) REE c= TH7/,). KDE BI 5 HOT. WAS Casagrande HH 1) VF WERH Casagrande (Taylor (1948), $8241 TC] 7E 20 Hh 30 “FRAME, RAL AEG 8 SYLAR ERO UAT, Casagrande HE LEB SR Ang SE a a al EMI 2-130 ERA AR, HR nag” clogt BA U tog T (mA 2-4 (HUE TE Ta) SPOOL] ENHOHEOLEE. log Tah RAH SB MARIS 3 EL, (1) FURAN RB [AE 2-4 RIA (4 U<0.60R, Tx xU?/ As (2) FORA ERE, (3) RO MRL. SHE SEAT RRA EL BR, WR DR RRA logT = 1, WA RRT U = 100% RRA. ATES SEA by — HEH OAS HH HY O-toge HHERAVIEAR-Y U-logT MERE A ATO. SALARIES, UR AY ALL O-toge MERIFTTAB 100% BIE (Hl U = 100% 1.0) BER QUEEE 6. HEH PRE RBS RDM BAT (RB 2-132), VW Dio. © Hr AHw HS “OME, © Rid RT RAD 0.808 TA. A RRAR EH EARRRART U=0.9 UH 1.0 Cae 100% —— RAR BEES AR) 2 SEO AIS, EMR AD a ot oS URACTOR KL: JB SOULS RA aH © OR Pog HAR AR, MERE OMEN, RAF MRAeM—ICR e ME FOP RL RAR,ROCs 11 WO BERR (9) SOIREE °O ERE OER eH xOR Ie PEND EE RnO-tleaBee (9) AVES eME “HYD MER eb GER ONT ca CE LOD"O KCTEAT) SE we Sa ea HO ay EE OP TRE GY Te RR GU sk Cee CRRA) ENT) Semen isan tz a) 210 HH OR of 5S o vy te coor ro ‘ose Teo ier T Oa9e ert su00- =H 2 — \ owe a= t IML aT aes 3 mig Oz t | ° polxerr = aif, =o | Le ug = * SaBMADL-@ SZ ob once, ort= ee =e By uss = 2 Oreereare “a te Se 2 tonya, 1x60 = ——— Pay woste= ae ont X is grsioouero 9e= rang) = 2 2 sens — P| HELE = Se 8800 =I” & St= Cx sez i SRULv CI y Com EE IE ae =r $9 = 0012-8912 1 i i “a ae ema oe owe MELO OX RIUM5G F2# Pew MA RAMA, TAR, KAR me Dyog 3s HP BH it S| AE AL BOK IK Au AS ER. TRL, AF a AU A BR Diag ARIA AK, Au WR RSBFE MASE, WOFR Snloge WER ERAT HON 3 BERN SAR, OBR EH Dy. ETRE ME SAR VEL PT, KH Doo HT Do A Die BE fH, MED RTH eee oh EAL, HHP EERT RRR RREPE A ¢ =0 (EH log = — 00) BREE A. BELL aS THEE Pa PORE MAA TE. ORE RE RRB AEE Te, TUR A AT 2 GOERS 5 BOTA) ARTUR IMA (20) HR REN, Doo RFR BUE RAR, AYRE FA ROR ERA Dy HABIT A CERNE AH BA — EH ee 2. BARBER AO POR, BE r= 4ey. 3. Re Bt RIMM REE (MZ 2). 4 Ky SALRR ERA IR KPA ABAD. WALA, RR FRY 1 (RS ER ee “ORY” LEI} RE A Do StS PRAGA D, PNR, PLAT Dy A Dy MRA. HD, COTM RANA AR SUR ADFT ;5 cso LENA Dog — CD yq0 + Do) /2 3408 Teed Malte Bo eh ARE yatetn. Deol 7H ATE, FR Do, Dy, ~~ MHRSAA, BRERA fi, BEER IM PHT TAS ZA (BET RT eR). A TEAVHEIE, FR 2-4 AT MART A PS Taylor HY] ERE (TI: 2) PM, HAAR RARE IO 2-135 RRR (SM Taylor (1948)]_ HOA RH HR Re 2-4 HE RAE) 2S ZELL HAE. VT ARE RO, MRC WR, TORBEN AER. HUF 2-4 U = 90% 1K 40-848 = 0.921 CMR LA AAR, BEA U = 0 Sb ae DEA FEMS JT a CME). FE U0 RE SRT U- VT EE AY U = 90% HR ARE IE A) FN RR, FDR Se EB Lae B29 HA RH EK 15 % EY LGWR, Taylor (1948) Hi, BTES CARH ARABIA d-loge HH BOR 2-4 TAR TBA, ATE U-V TR SCRE 87 HR Ta A HEE Taylor it Sen F 1. M0 Casagrande MARAE AIPTRER, US TT AMEE CARIIIREE) -/r HER, AANA GT IY 16 Shh, RUE VIG = 4.0 AIEEE BER y 16 She AY RE HD HB CLAD 2-138); 2, Meee ae NETL 2S BAG SOL GAL RB ERR 4 ~ 6 Bo SUR MENA 8 REDS RIFE RE A, Sh, RE Be A RR 0 RA MRE O NS SR, CURT NRT (ALE SRE, ARE LYDT), AAR MAN,210 @ & & we 57 AERME THRE, MHBR ATR SR RATE. 3. TRS 6 UE APT ASA Do. IRATE ARS RAR NAY Ze MEER AL GRUB AR EEROELA 1.15 (BD ARIE 2.5, WHA 2.5 x 1.15=2.875), EA OIC He CEL PB EAS 2.875 $b). HF Dy RTE, 4, RSE R IE Mi RTA. SRY ol eR ST BIAY 11s FAS, ERO ER (ON) BID Dog BERET. 5. HE DoF Doo (LAL TAS BETSEY c, (HL, HOT too. toy Bo BITTE RAG Rat, BE -REM ERT (UMRER Jeg = 5.0, MISH ts9 75? =25min). 6. RASA RMR 1 AEE, SCAT IEIR OMe OBERT, RT REAPOTRR, REED LP RPT AR IER Lents B= TER1S, monsins (4624 ODEO) sis Re 96) +006 oe ? w= 88 ow 16, 0. va Hho oasing « 158 (255 204 2) 09s v My = B9E = 18, Lire Fee cbt «1.3 az as ieee) 24a MSRM c, MIEZER MRE [31H Stidharan Hl Prakash (1985) ]o Fl ARM TTY Us Re BER RRS ES A AO Fe, COMPU A Se RE a5B £24 PLGRMARHM AI, TARR, RE SMA MEE ELGAR, SAFC Casagrande “EXTRA GIA Taylor BY B)F HS BAY HEAT ¢, LCS cn) RETREAT), AH IIR a TB Dy AR GH A — SBE oh MGS SHEA HE SCRAP A BBs ek PARE eB Py A A a OD gg LAY CHE Bb — 8, SUTRA, OSCR STH OR) ae 7 — ae eT fa, ey US) Fe FRR BA HB AE TT EER MRE (FTE 3) SA72RH Sridharan MI Rao (1981) H& Sridharan fil Prakash (1985) HEH, EH (aS WER 210.4%) URAR: Lo T/U-T i) Re" Hee COUR) AAS — ee “ET BLL RE EMA CLAN 2-14a), MR EAE 60% O.197(U > 50%) HMRI (FEU 2999 50% ) HORE TELA 1:2 CO RRA 2 1 log 1 FRA BAARAY 1 AP log GREP SE SCRE), ALT 28 a HO Bk TTT co, HRM T= 1A COTE = 100%) Hh REM, Parkin UREA LOLA, AIS ALOE ESE 37. ONT, RAT RELA. 2. ARAB 3-2 BATHE 8/0, SELL iogd/t EO AMEE 3 1 log HOLT MD RAL LARAMIE ILA log’ e-loge LER. He i ea Ke WR BE ON 8 6 EEL AB Wy 1:2, BURRELL, AeA REY STAT EE RA aT 1:2 REE pA AERA, SOE 1 DL RT a AE RR aK BURG TARSAL, AIR DL ey REAL OE BER A62 #24 SAGHAALHABH, THA, MRSA RH RBH). KOLCa MSG RMS. A, COPE EY 12 esha, oe POWER, REA A MAG. EER, PLKOR a CUNARD) DATTA MRA RRS. 4 ER SAREE, RA T= 1 PI (8/2) FAG BEAARIEAL cy. 3 HERA EY cg TRAM A RRA RK [L (2-38)], MALATE = TH _ ix F100 F100 # H= 18mm (SHEA) A tio = 15min CHP 2-150, 6 14), BARRO AVY, FY H=28/2=9mm=0.009m; T=1. fA LIBASRIERM cH ey = [1 x 0.0097/15] x 1440 = 0.0078m?/d ESCH AT 1440 ATE “m?/min” $484 “m2/d”, ABB GIR (53% 5) AMRMICI (FEM) SERA ALI. Desai (1979) 48a TAP A TST Mak. BHAA FEMOONSL MAA TRAIL, IL ALE BEA SIEFR SMSET- TLE 4! (SBF RH AY README.DOC Xi#), FEM Meas |-S08 Fl PUA ae ee AY TU CALS) MS At. AMT ES PA-T WEA, TRA, WR ge eh ERAN OK FE 3 BABA LA (MED LAA) EER ALWEERM , MARKS mn. (HEME PRE HEL). SPERMS GRO SH, AA RU ERAS DG (AR FPR d, LA ATR 7, 10, 100, na) 3K BARC. SEM BART AEE Efe PADRE RK EAS A ETAL. PTR PAO SB Br: SRE EL RS | AAEM RAO SE, BAT APR PEA AEBET He, SR Fh RRR AE ASR FR TR AL A A, ae THA. RRA WEA ABA RE, PACHA k, Al my, AD RRR MT STAB OE A, AE ORAS SET) AULT Be To TERR J LS Ue ALBA IAA MERT OAR, SA E A TR EU, Db Ba A 7, AR Ac A Ae SB, = 90% ~ 95% FARO, MRAM RA UA OK R 80%, BEERS AEt (EFT EA IA BT — FERRER ALB ea — A? WSR MES, MARAT BAS o1 BARMERA CRE, RU TTG PAAR Tit 1 9 BR Pe RA BR FL, TORR Og ROTC R-ASTAL OER 7S fe A Sz a CH EA FE WOO eon, ALATA A KBB OK PRR. JRE oS, FERRE BOR IA MIT SPRAY 5 AOR BR?210 ot Rm 6B a. FE AGE 2 OMAR WS IES bh, SMF RAD Us 2 COSTAE Ay ALS), RL Ce FA a BE TT Me CRU FU —IHT Dog RLY HE IM FREAD. co. Bg 3 RGA 2 PEAR, TRAN CT BE A 2 A RT PAGER AFTER RR, RT ATER, He ERM Reese AERA o-2 BNE UT BURRIS e. MAMET OEM, BEDOR ADA 5, IRB TR ATE SRELSRSLAZ AN HA", Hist (2-38) RRL, Wee BARA, AER i “Me” Buy So SRA 1 A/T 2 PR A 0, CT, CLE 1 OO A ARKB AGE BORA, WAR I 3 MTT 4, 6. RAR AAA I, 210.3 FSM TTR RTER C. [Hi e-logp HER (HE 2-160) AR] SRABILC’. [i e-logp Be eamttininx 10% H2lba RAEN RM SR AERO ER. RAK (oO) eR MANE cology HAR. HER BURRT. APM EIR, JRA Coseprande HK T NGURLES TH Peo FIRS C. FURIE PARRA RE. BE PUREE TRAY Schmemann (1955) 2kRb CAME, BL SSR FRB SA PS, A64 28 FLPAAAARPBNE, TAS, RASM ROMA CAL 2-166) AHN] FET HEE ASA UT Pah. FL IB Le aR EAR TPE HL HOS A IY HEE A) Dog TRAE AH ETT. 27> 20 kPa RIA) 0 ome. m e Aden fe — | te ee “\ rr en ° * 3 1,006 6.020 9.0019 005) 30 1.000 0.080 cote to meso cous 008 7000907370808 10} 40008681384 006? 800 07532012 9275-009 _ = = 0.185 & 1600 0.639 ‘3675 0.1838 © og 588 wo ass} AT .2368 #015} 2 He CNR Ce rae. 938 = 20cm oak, CT bees 7 Feiome *089 = 996m 0.25} F216 elegy HUI. HR BLLRZES ology MAIER RMR, KURI ROE c= B (aH) / Hy E (AH) 720 B (Ae) { (1+ 00) = E (de) / 1+ 1.008) REAR A CoRR ALT fy Sh ESSERE SEY STL BLE NS, Ae BE FHLEM Do Bl Dip EM AH. RES THRAMA (BORE) MBER C. REEABLE C’o« eloge WARGO 22 BBE: e-logp HAGE — HG, Ly NE e Jr “TRAE” HH, AES TOMAR PAA D oh RR RGE TAH BHR, MRO Ty BOGMIEREAT (Ce = BAH/H;,). TH e-loup MSHS HAAR BAS SATE, SoHo oe WHAM SERS A HEMET, (CR BBUE) cloep HRMS —H, erlogp Re-logp Ri tt BEBE A ay EAE PELE REAL AR hE HC (ORE ORS AA 2-16 112-17). B-BULI “AT M. T E ORAZ SAMAR “RE” OA AURA AUS WRB AEE AOR TMS CARSEAT A I SEED) ACRES AR Asean, TE AAAS RAT AD, He BT YR AOR BARA TOE. BTR —RhOy “OR” a CRM” BRR