Professional Documents
Culture Documents
Protmeta 140224025611 Phpapp02
Protmeta 140224025611 Phpapp02
PROTEIN METABOLISM
Umar Hayat
RCVetS
PROTEIN METABOLISM
• Proteins provide the amino acids for vital functions,
reproduction, growth and lactation.
• Non-ruminant animals need pre-formed amino acids in their
diets, but ruminants can utilize many other nitrogen sources
because of their rare ability to synthesize amino acids and
protein from non-protein nitrogen sources.
• In addition, ruminants possess a mechanism to spare
nitrogen. When a diet is low in nitrogen, large amounts of
urea (from urine) return in the rumen where it can be used by
the microbes.
• In non-ruminants, urea is always entirely lost in the urine. It is
possible to feed cows with diets containing non-protein
nitrogen as the only nitrogen source and still obtain a
PROTEIN TRANSFORMATION
IN THE RUMEN
• Feed proteins degraded by microorganisms in the rumen via amino acids
into ammonia and branched chain fatty acids .
• Non-protein nitrogen from the feed and the urea recycled into the rumen
through the saliva or the rumen wall contribute also to the pool of
ammonia in the rumen.
• Too much ammonia in the rumen leads to wastage, ammonia toxicity, and
in extreme cases, death of the animal. The bacterial population uses
ammonia in order to grow.
• Use of ammonia to synthesize microbial protein is dependent upon the
availability of energy generated by the fermentation of carbohydrates. On
the average, 20 grams of bacterial protein is synthesized per 100 grams of
organic matter fermented in the rumen.
• Bacterial protein synthesis may range from less than 400 g/day to about
1500 g/day depending primarily on the digestibility of the diet.
• The percentage of protein in bacteria varies from 38 to 55% .
• A portion of the dietary protein resists ruminal
degradation and passes undegraded to the small
intestine. Forage proteins degraded 60 to 80%
Concentrates or industrial by-products degraded
20 to 60%.
• Major part of the bacterial protein flows to the
abomasum attached to feed particles.
• The strong acids secreted by the abomasum stop
all microbial activity and the digestive enzymes
start breaking down the protein into amino acids.
Table 1: Composition and intestinal
nitrogen digestibility of ruminal microbes