1.

Consider a small spring about 30mm long, welded to a stationary table(ground) so that it is fixed at
the point of contact, with a 12mm bolt welded to the other end, which is free to move. The mass of
this system is about 49.2grams. The spring constant is 857.8 N/m. The damping rate of the spring is
measured to be 0.11kg/s. Calculate: a) the natural frequency and period of the system; b) determine
the maximum amplitude of the response if the spring is initially deflected 10mm; c) the damping
ratio; and d) determine if the free motion of the spring-bolt system is over-damped, under-damped,
or critically damped.

Given:

k = 857.8 N/m
m = 49.2 x 10-3 kg
c = 0.11kg/s
k c

m
Required:

a) Fn and T
b) C if xo = 10mm
c) Damping ratio
d) Determine whether over-damped, under-damped, or critically damped.

Solution:

a) For the fn

1 𝑘 1 857.8 N/m
𝑓𝑛 = √ = √
2𝜋 𝑚 2𝜋 49.2 x 10 − 3 kg

𝑓𝑛 = 21.02 𝐻𝑧
1
For T: 𝑇= = 0.0475 sec
𝑓𝑛

b) For the maximum amplitude

𝐶 = 𝑥0 = 10𝑚𝑚
c) Solving for the damping ratio

𝑐 𝑐 0.11kg/s
𝜁= = = = 0.0085
𝑐𝑐 2√𝑘𝑚 N
2√(857.8 m) (49.2 x 10−3 kg)

d) Since 𝜁 < 1, then the system is under-damped. The motion resulting from giving-bolt system a
small displacement will be oscillating.
 2. A figure has shown a model of a damped vibrating system. The physical parameters are m = 35-
grams, k= 10N/m, c = 0.003 N-s/m.
Calculate the:
a) Natural circular frequency
b) Critical damping coefficient
c) Damping factor
d) Damping circular frequency
e) Damped period

Given:
k = 10 N/m
m
m = 0.035 kg
c = 0.003N-s/m or kgm/s

k c

Solution:

a) For the natural circular frequency

𝑘 10 N/m
𝜔𝑛 = √ = √ = 16.903 𝑟𝑎𝑑/𝑠
𝑚 0.035 kg
b) For the critical damping coefficient

N 𝑘𝑔
𝑐𝑐𝑟 = 2√𝑘𝑚 = 2√(10 ) (0.035 kg) = 1.183
m 𝑠

c) For the damping factor

𝑘𝑔
𝑐 𝑐 0 .003 𝑠
𝜁= = = = 0.0025
𝑐𝑐 2√𝑘𝑚 1.183 𝑘𝑔
𝑠
d) For the damping circular frequency
𝑟𝑎𝑑 𝑟𝑎𝑑
𝜔𝑑 = 𝜔𝑛 √1 − 𝜁 2 = (16.903 ) √1 − 0.00252 = 16.903
𝑠 𝑠
e) For the damped period
2𝜋 2𝜋
𝜏𝑑 = = = 0.372 𝑠𝑒𝑐
𝜔𝑑 𝑟𝑎𝑑
16.903
𝑠
3. A spring mass damper system has a mass of 100kg,stiffness of 3000N/m, and a damping
coefficient of 300kg/s. Calculate: a) the under-damped natural frequency; b) the damping ratio;
c) the damped natural frequency; and d) does the system oscillate?

Given:
m
k = 3000 N/m Required:
m =100kg a) fn, b) 𝜁, c) fd,
c = 300kg/s & d) does the system oscillates?
k c

Solution:

a) For the un-damped natural frequency

1 𝑘 1 3000N/m
𝑓𝑛 = √ = √ = 0.8717 𝐻𝑧
2𝜋 𝑚 2𝜋 100kg
b) For the damping ratio

300𝑘𝑔
𝑐 𝑐 𝑠
𝜁= = = = 0.27386
𝑐𝑐 2√𝑘𝑚 3000𝑁
2√( ) (100𝑘𝑔)
𝑚
c) For the damped natural frequency fd,

𝜔𝑑 𝜔𝑛 √1 − 𝜁 2 √ 𝑘 √1 − 𝜁 2 √ 𝑘 × √1 − 𝜁 2
𝑚 𝑚
𝑓𝑑 = = = =
2𝜋 2𝜋 2𝜋 2𝜋
3000 𝑁/𝑚
√ × √1 − 0.27386 2
100𝑘𝑔
= = 0.8484 𝐻𝑧
2𝜋
d) Does the system oscillate?
Since 𝜁 < 1, then the system oscillates.

4. An oscillator consists of a 15-lbf weight that is connected to a spring of stiffness k = 20lb/in and a
viscous damper with a damping constant c = 10lbf-s/ft. a) show that the oscillator is
underdamped, and b) determine the logarithmic decrement of two successive peak
displacements.

Given: m Required:
k = k = 20lb/in
a) The damping ratio
W =15-lbf
b) Logarithmic decrement
c = 10lbf-s/ft
k c
 Solution:
a) Determination of damping ratio
𝑐 𝑐 10𝑙𝑏𝑓 − 𝑠/𝑓𝑡
𝜁= = = = 0.4729
𝑐𝑐 2√𝑘𝑚 𝑙𝑏 𝑖𝑛 15 𝑙𝑏𝑓
2√(20 𝑖𝑛) (12 𝑓𝑡) ( )
32.2 𝑓𝑡/𝑠 2
Since 𝜁 < 1, then the system is under-damped.
b) Logarithmic decrement
2𝜋 2𝜋𝜁
𝛿 = 𝜁𝜔𝑛 𝜏𝑑 = 𝜁𝜔𝑛 =
√1 − 𝜁 2 𝜔𝑛 √1 − 𝜁 2
2𝜋(0.4729)
𝛿= = 3.373
√1 − 0.47292

5. Figure below shows a block of mass m that is attached to two ideal springs and a viscous
damper. a) Derive the equation of two motions for the block, assuming that x is measured from
the position where the springs are deformed. B) If x = 0, and 𝑥̇ = 4 𝑚/𝑠 when t =0, plot x(t) for
𝜁= 2.5, 1.0, and 0.25. Use m = 0.2kg, k1 = 20 N/m, and k2 = 30N/m.
Given:

k1
k1 = 20 N/m m =0.2kg
c
m k2 = 30N/m t0 = 0
x0 = 0 𝑥̇ = 4 𝑚/𝑠

k2

Required:
a) The equation of the motion of block m
b) Plot x(t) for 𝜁= 2.5, 1.0, and 0.25