CLASSIFICATION OF MENTAL DISORDERS
 An expectable or culturally approved response
DIAGNOSTIC AND STATISTICAL MANUAL OF MENTAL
DISORDERS (DSM)
Published by the American Psychiatric Association
 DSM (1952)
 DSM – II (1968)
 DSM – III (1980)
 DSM – III – R (1987)
 DSM IV (1994)
 DSM IV – TR (2000)
 DSM-5 (2013)
 The primary purpose of DSM-5 is to assist trained
clinicians in the diagnosis of their patients’ mental
disorders as part of a case formulation assessment
that leads to a fully informed treatment plan for
each individual.
 The symptoms contained in the respective
diagnostic criteria sets do not constitute
comprehensive definitions of underlying disorders,
which encompass cognitive, emotional, behavioral,
and physiological processes that are far more
complex that can be described in these brief
summaries.
 Rather, they are intended to summarize
characteristic syndromes of signs and symptoms
that point to an underlying disorder with a
characteristic of developmental history, biological
and environmental risk factors, neuropsychological
and physiological correlated and a typical clinical
course.
Definition of a Mental Disorder
 A mental disorder is a syndrome characterized
by clinically significant disturbance in an
individual’s cognition, emotion regulation, or
behavior that reflects a dysfunction in the
psychological, biological, or developmental
processes underlying mental functioning.
Mental disorders are usually associated with significant
distress or disability in social, occupational, or other
important activities.
What mental disorder is not
to a common stressor or loss, such as the death
of a loved one, is not a mental disorder.
 Socially deviant behavior (e.g., political,
religious, or sexual) and conflicts that are
primarily between the individual and society
are not mental disorders unless the deviance or
conflict results from a dysfunction in the
individual, as previously described.
Elements of a Diagnosis: Diagnostic Criteria
 Diagnostic criteria are offered as guidelines for
making diagnoses, and their use should be
informed by clinical judgment.
 The text descriptions in DSM-5, including
introductory sections of each diagnostic
chapter, can help support diagnosis (e.g
providing differential diagnoses; describing the
criteria more fully under “Diagnostic Features”).
Elements of a Diagnosis: Descriptors
 Subtypes and Specifiers
 Medication-Induced Movement Disorders and
Other Conditions That May Be a Focus of
Clinical Attention
 Principal Diagnosis
 Provisional Diagnosis
 Coding and Reporting Procedures
Elements of a Diagnosis: Descriptors
 Following the assessment of diagnostic criteria,
clinicians should consider the application of
disorder subtypes and/or subtypes as
appropriate.
 Severity and course specifiers should be
applied to denote the individual’s current
presentation, but only when the full criteria are
met.
 When full criteria are not met, clinicians should
consider whether the symptom presentation
meets criteria for an ”other specified” or
“unspecified” designation.
 Where applicable, specific criteria for defining
disorder severity (e.g. mild, moderate, severe,
extreme), descriptive features (e.g., with good
to fair insight; in a controlled environment), and
of course (e.g., in partial remission, in full
remission, recurrent) are provided with each
diagnosis.
  On the basis of the clinical interview, text  Specific Phobia
descriptions, criteria and clinician judgment, a  Social Anxiety Disorder (Social Phobia)
final diagnosis is made.  Panic Disorder
 Agoraphobia
 The general convention in DSM-5 is to allow  Generalized Anxiety Disorder
multiple diagnoses to be assigned for those  Substance/Medication-Induced Anxiety
presentations that meet criteria for more than Disorder
one DSM-5 disorder.
OBSESSIVE-COMPULSIVE AND RELATED DISORDERS
DSM 5 CLASSIFICATION
 Obsessive-Compulsive Disorder
NEURODEVELOPMENTAL DISORDERS  Body Dysmorphic Disorder
 Hoarding Disorder
 Intellectual Disabilities  Trichotillomania (Hair-Pulling Disorder)
 Communication Disorders  Excoriation (Skin-Picking) Disorder
 Autism Spectrum Disorder  Substance/Medication-Induced Obsessive-
 Attention-Deficit/Hyperactivity Disorder Compulsive and Related Disorder
 Specific Learning Disorder
 Motor Disorders TRAUMA- AND STRESSOR-RELATED DISORDERS
 Tic Disorders
 Reactive Attachment Disorder
SCHIZOPHRENIA SPECTRUM AND OTHER PSYCHOTIC  Disinhibited Social Engagement Disorder
DISORDERS  Posttraumatic Stress Disorder
 Acute Stress Disorder
 Schizotypal Personality Disorder  Adjustment Disorders
 Delusional Disorder
 Brief Psychotic Disorder DISSOCIATIVE DISORDERS
 Schizophreniform Disorder
 Schizophrenia  Dissociative Identity Disorder
 Schizoaffective Disorder  Dissociative Amnesia
 Substance/Medication-Induced Psychotic  Depersonalization/Derealization Disorder
Disorder
SOMATIC SYMPTOM AND RELATED DISORDERS
 BIPOLAR AND RELATED DISORDERS
 Bipolar I Disorder
 Somatic Symptom Disorder
 Bipolar II Disorder
 Illness Anxiety Disorder
 Cyclothymic Disorder
 Conversion Disorder (Functional Neurological
 Substance/Medication-Induced Bipolar and
Symptom Disorder)
Related Disorder
 Factitious Disorder
DEPRESSIVE DISORDERS
FEEDING AND EATING DISORDERS
• Disruptive Mood Dysregulation Disorder
• Major Depressive Disorder  Pica
• Persistent Depressive Disorder (Dysthymia)  Rumination Disorder
• Premenstrual Dysphoric Disorder  Avoidant/Restrictive Food Intake Disorder
• Substance/Medication-Induced Depressive  Anorexia Nervosa
Disorder  Bulimia Nervosa
 Binge-Eating Disorder
ANXIETY DISORDERS
ELIMINATION DISORDERS
 Separation Anxiety Disorder
 Selective Mutism  Enuresis
  Encopresis NEUROCOGNITIVE DISORDERS
• Delirium
SLEEP-WAKE DISORDERS • Major and Mild Neurocognitive Disorders

 Insomnia Disorder PERSONALITY DISORDERS

 Hypersomnolence Disorder
 Narcolepsy Cluster A Personality Disorders
 BREATHING-RELATED SLEEP DISORDERS • Paranoid Personality Disorder
 PARASOMNIAS • Schizoid Personality Disorder
• Schizotypal Personality Disorder
SEXUAL DYSFUNCTIONS
Cluster B Personality Disorders
 Delayed Ejaculation • Antisocial Personality Disorder
 Erectile Disorder • Borderline Personality Disorder
 Female Orgasmic Disorder • Histrionic Personality Disorder
• Narcissistic Personality Disorder
 Female Sexual Interest/Arousal Disorder
 Genito-Pelvic Pain/Penetration Disorder
Cluster C Personality Disorders
 Male Hypoactive Sexual Desire Disorder
• Avoidant Personality Disorder
 Premature (early) Ejaculation
• Dependent Personality Disorder
 Substance/Medication-Induced Sexual • Obsessive-Compulsive Personality Disorder
Dysfunction
PARAPHILIC DISORDERS
GENDER DYSPHORIA • Voyeuristic Disorder
• Exhibitionistic Disorder
DISRUPTIVE, IMPULSE-CONTROL, AND CONDUCT • Frotteuristic Disorder
DISORDERS • Sexual Masochism Disorder
• Sexual Sadism Disorder
 Oppositional Defiant Disorder • Pedophilic Disorder
 Conduct Disorder • Fetishistic Disorder
 Antisocial Personality Disorder • Transvestic Disorder
 Pyromania
 Kleptomania OTHER MENTAL DISORDERS

SUBSTANCE-RELATED AND ADDICTIVE DISORDERS MEDICATION-INDUCED MOVEMENT DISORDERS AND

• Alcohol-Related Disorders OTHER ADVERSE EFFECTS OF MEDICATION
o Alcohol Use Disorder
o Alcohol Intoxication OTHER CONDITIONS THAT MAY BE A FOCUS OF
o Alcohol Withdrawal CLINICAL ATTENTION
o Other Alcohol-Induced Disorders
• Caffeine-Related Disorders
• Cannabis-Related Disorders END
• Hallucinogen-Related Disorders
• Inhalant-Related Disorders
• Opioid-Related Disorders
• Sedative-, Hypnotic-, or Anxiolytic-Related Disorders
• Stimulant-Related Disorders
• Tobacco-Related Disorders
• Non-Substance-Related Disorders
• Gambling Disorder